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1.
喷嘴空化模型建立与有效性试验验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种针对喷嘴孔内空化现象的数值计算模型——喷嘴空化模型,并进行了可视化试验以验证其模型有效性,其中喷嘴空化模型考虑了液相与气相之间相变、气泡动力学、湍流扰动及不凝性气体影响等诸多因素,并采用喷孔内空化数对相变速率方程进行了修正。将基于喷嘴空化模型的数值计算结果与试验结果及基于Schnerr-Sauer模型的计算结果进行对比分析,结果显示:在2种空化模均采用默认参数的前提下,喷嘴空化模型与Schnerr-Sauer模型计算所得喷孔内空化现象变化趋势均与试验结果吻合良好,即喷嘴孔内空化现象随喷射压力提高而加强,且在发展空化至超空化流态过渡过程中空化特征长度涨幅远高于其他流态过渡情况;喷嘴空化模型计算所得空化特征长度在各流态下均与试验结果吻合良好,Schnerr-Sauer模型计算空化特征长度则低于试验结果,两者与试验值的最大误差均发生在超空化阶段,其中喷嘴空化模型计算值为试验值的92%,Schnerr-Sauer模型计算值为试验值的65%。该结果表明,所建立喷嘴空化模型可用于较为准确地模拟喷嘴孔内空化现象的变化趋势及空化特征长度。 相似文献
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针对柴油机燃油射流初始段破碎过程试验观测上的困难,基于大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation, LES)和VOF多相流模型,对燃油高压射流流动特性及其近嘴区射流初始雾化过程进行数值研究。根据喷孔内空化、湍流以及环境气体和射流之间相互作用,建立单喷孔计算模型,并采用了Sou试验结果对所建模型的合理性进行验证。结果表明:喷嘴内空化、湍流,以及环境气体和射流的相互作用是燃油近嘴区初始射流破碎的主要原因。孔内湍流和空化相互促进,空化泡溃灭使射流产生扰动促进射流表面波增长以及射流初次破碎,射流与环境气体的空气动力学效应进一步加速射流破碎效果,随着空化效应的增强,射流与环境气体相互作用区域湍动能和亚网格涡黏度也增强,燃油雾化质量也得到提高。计算结果为柴油机利用其孔内流动特性来增强燃油雾化效果提供理论依据。 相似文献
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采用混合多相流模型与空穴模型相结合的方法,对喷孔内部流动特性及近孔区域燃油喷射及雾化进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,喷孔几何特征对其内部流动特性及近孔区域燃油喷射及雾化具有重要影响,对于截面渐扩的喷孔,孔内空化效应、湍流度均增强,喷孔出口流速提高,喷油压力增大时效果更显著,空穴强度增大能够促进近孔区域燃油快速分裂,使燃油液滴雾化更细小,有利于柴油机油气混合以及性能的提高。对于截面渐缩的喷孔,孔内空化效应受到抑制、湍流度和喷孔出口流速均降低,喷孔出口液柱较长、液块较大,近孔区域燃油雾化程度降低。 相似文献
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在均相流假设下,考虑流体压力和速度湍流脉动、不可凝结性气体的影响,采用完全空化模型计算空化流场的相变,引入密度函数对RNG k-ε湍流模型的湍流粘性系数进行修正,提出了一种空化流动的数值模型和计算方法。根据试验条件给定的参数,采用提出的数值模型和计算方法,数值模拟了空化数为2.3时ALE15翼型定常空化流动。计算得到的不同剖面速度分布与试验数据吻合较好,验证了该数值模型和计算方法的一致性。不同剖面上,远离翼型表面的速度与主流区速度接近,沿着流动方向,远离翼型表面的速度逐渐减小,这与空泡形成的阻碍有关。空泡尾部出现较大的漩涡区,靠近翼型表面的速度为负值,这与反向射流的作用有关。 相似文献
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考虑不可凝结气体的空化流模型及数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以均相流假设为基础建立了一种基于输运方程的空化流模型,该模型在质量传输方程中不仅考虑了蒸发和凝结的机理,而且考虑了不可凝结气体的影响.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,并引入与混合密度相关的修正函数对湍流涡黏性系数进行修正.应用文中的空化流模型,对NA-CA66翼型进行了定常空化流动数值模拟,翼型吸力面的压力系数分布曲线与试验结果吻合很好.在此基础上,进一步研究了模型中不可凝结气体质量分数以及不同进口湍动能和湍流耗散率对空泡形成和发展的影响,确定了模型中不可凝结气体质量分数、进口湍动能和湍流耗散率的合理取值.应用空化流模型对非定常空化流动进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果清晰地反映了翼型表面空化云的初生、成长、脱落和溃灭的全过程,并指出反向射流是引起空化云脱落的重要原因.非定常计算得到的斯特劳哈数与试验相吻合,进一步验证了该模型在空化流数值计算中的可靠性. 相似文献
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喷孔空化特性和近孔初始射流结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计了透明的有机玻璃喷嘴头部代替原喷油器的压力室和喷孔,在高压共轨试验台架上搭建了喷油器孔内流动和近孔喷雾可视化试验装置,采用高速可控闪光摄影与长距离显微成像技术相结合方法,获得了喷孔内部空化流动和近孔区域初始射流结构形态的发展过程图像。结果表明,所有试验喷孔内均呈现空化流动,空化强度和空化类型与针阀升程和喷油压力有关,喷油压力越高,对应空化初生的喷油时刻越早,并且空化类型在喷孔内出现的频率和时间也不同;喷油前喷孔内存在初始气泡,初始气泡大小不同导致了近孔区域初始射流结构不同。基于大涡模拟(Large eddy simulation,LES)和界面追踪法(Volume of fluid,VOF)多相流模型,根据喷嘴内部几何形状和试验条件,模拟计算喷孔内初始气泡的演变过程以及初始射流结构形态的形成发展过程,试验结果与模拟结果相符。 相似文献
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高压喷射条件下非常态燃油喷嘴内部空化流动特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改善柴油机喷嘴出口处燃油液滴的破碎状态并增加初始湍动能,采用了180 MPa的高压燃油喷射。推导了受高压喷射影响时非常态燃油各个物性参数与压力之间的关系。搭建了高压定容器喷雾闪光摄影试验台架,在AVL FIRE软件平台上建立了喷油嘴喷孔内部流场的三维CFD模型,通过喷雾测试结果对仿真模型进行了修正。分析了喷孔内部气液两相流场的三维流态以及空化流动特性。结果表明,非常态燃油物性参数的变化有利于增强空化效应;增大燃油喷射背压对孔内的空化效应具有抑制作用;随着喷孔直径增加,燃油高速区域扩大,空化效应增强;增大喷射夹角也有利于增强空化效应,但效果不明显。 相似文献
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柴油机渐缩形喷孔喷嘴流动特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用混合多相流空穴模型,对柴油机渐缩形喷孔喷嘴进行了三维气液两相流数值模拟,分析了喷油压力、喷油背压及针阀运动对其内部空穴分布、湍动能分布、喷孔出口平均流速及流量系数的影响规律,并与圆柱形喷孔喷嘴进行了对比分析。结果表明：对于渐缩形喷孔喷嘴,喷油压力的提高或针阀开启速度的加快,均可增强喷孔内的空化效应,强化喷孔内的液流紊乱,提高喷孔出口平均流速及循环喷油量,这对于燃油喷射及雾化的改善、柴油机性能的提高都是有利的;随着喷油背压的增加,喷嘴的流量系数虽略有提高,但喷孔内的空化效应、液流紊乱及喷孔出口平均流速均逐渐降低;相同喷射条件或针阀升程下,喷嘴内的空化效应弱于圆柱形喷孔喷嘴,喷孔出口平均流速及流量系数高于圆柱形喷孔喷嘴。 相似文献
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为了研究湍流模型对热敏介质空化流数值模拟精度的影响,结合滤波器模型(Filter-based model,FBM)和密度修正模型(Density-corrected model,DCM),基于局部网格尺度和气液两相混合密度,修正了3种湍流模型(k-ε、RNG k-ε和SST k-ω)的湍流粘度,并分别采用原始湍流模型和修正湍流模型,以不同温度的水为介质,对NACA0015翼型进行了单相和气液两相数值模拟。通过与实验数据比较,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。研究结果表明,修正的k-ε模型消除了湍流尺度的影响,通过修正的RNG k-ε模型计算得到的空泡发展规律与实验结果一致。修正后的RNG k-ε模型揭示了空化与温度变化的规律,反映出较好的修正效果,可为低温热敏介质空化流数值模拟提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献