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1.
Summary During a collecting mission in South-West Turkey some lupin plants differing from Lupinus pilosus Murr., L. micranthus Guss. and L. angustifolius L., wild-growing in this region were found. These plants markedly distinguished from a dwarf habit of L. micranthus and exuberant L. pilosus. As found later, these plants with regard to many traits differed still more from the remaining lupin species of the Old World. The collected seeds of these plants were multiplied at the Plant Breeding Station in Wiatrowo. They were characterized by a smooth seed coat and according to classification of Gladstones could be referred to a group of European lupin crops containing the primitive species L. micranthus.New accession was compared to L. micranthus and L. pilosus considering 20 morphological, some physiological features and chemotaxonomic analyses. New accession was also artificially crossed to L. micranthus and L. pilosus but hybrid seeds were not obtained. The most pronounced morphological differences were in the height and exuberance of plants, the size of inflorescences and flowers, the size and coloration of strongly pubescent, ripen pods but first of all, the size and shape of seeds and seed coat surface.Differences in the protein and fat content in seeds as well as those in quantitative and qualitative composition of alkaloids also appear to be significant.Marked differences occurred also in the electrophoretic phenotype of isozymes. They consisted not only in differences of electrophoretic mobility of bands, but also in different number of bands.The obtained results enabled us to give the population of these plants a separate species name — Lupinus anatolicus.  相似文献   

2.
Lupinus mariae-josephi H. Pascual is an intriguing lupin species recently discovered in the Mediterranean region. New data from seed coat micromorphology, cytology, and DNA sequences were generated in order to extend our knowledge on this species and to examine its evolutionary relationships within Lupinus. This species shows morphological similarities with the Mediterranean smooth seeded species of sections Micranthi and Lutei. It shares the same chromosome number 2n = 52 with the latter Old World taxa, but also with unifoliolate lupins from Florida. Besides, L. mariae-josephi exhibited a seed coat micromorphology “intermediate” between the rough and the smooth seed coat types. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS and ETS nrDNA spacers, and the LEGCYC1A locus supported L. mariae-josephi as a distinct Old World line, placed out of the Scabrispermae, but without clear placement amongst the Mediterranean smooth-seeded lineages. Unexpectedly, LEGCYC1A data revealed phylogenetic affinities between L. mariae-josephi and L. villosus, a unifoliolate North American lupin that might have experienced a reticulated evolutionary process. All together, the data underline the phylogenetic interest of L. mariae-josephi in Lupinus and the need of additional investigations in order to definitely elucidate its enigmatic status. Moreover, as L. mariae-josephi is one of the rare Old World lupins strictly restricted to poor basic soils, it opens new perspectives of ecological and agronomic interests in the wide areas of poor calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region.  相似文献   

3.
Comparative SDS-PAGE analysis of seed globulins covered 74 accessions representing 19 New World Lupinus species, 18 North American lupins and one South American species: L. mutabilis. The species investigated showed major, well-defined polypeptide bands in the approximate M r range of 40–75 kDa. In general, intraspecific variation blurred interspecific differences; L. mutabilis could not be distinguished from the North American lupins. Of the taxa investigated, only L. subcarnosus and L. succulentus displayed some species-specific features. The American species examined showed different seed globulin patterns from those reported earlier for the smooth-seeded and for the rough-seeded Old World lupins.  相似文献   

4.
Seed globulins isolated from 58 accessions representing 12 Old World Lupinus species were studied using two techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): reversed-phase (RP-HPLC) and ion-exchange (IE-HPLC). Differences in quantitative and qualitative composition of globulins between smooth-seeded and rough-seeded lupins appear to be significant. Each investigated species/subspecies is distinguished by its specific protein HPLC pattern of globulins. The number of globulin peaks recorded in particular species varied from four to eight. In total, 72 retention times of protein peaks were distinguished in the investigated taxa. Chromatographic data were subjected to statistical analysis using hierarchical UPGMA grouping of the examined taxa. Heterogeneous smooth-seeded lupins proved to be distantly related to rather homogeneous rough-seeded lupins except for the new species L. anatolicus. Within the rough-seeded lupins three subgroups are distinguished: (1) L. atlanticus, L. cosentinii and L. digitatus, (2) L. palaestinus and L. pilosus and (3) L. princei. The obtained data are discussed with reference to taxonomic relationships in the Old World lupins.  相似文献   

5.
Lupin products may be valuable as human foods because of their high protein content and potential anticholesterolemic properties. However, a small percentage of the population is allergic to lupin. In this study, we use in vitro IgE binding and mass spectrometry to identify conglutin beta, a major storage protein, as an allergen in seeds of Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus. Purification of conglutin beta from L. angustifolius flour confirmed that serum IgE binds to this protein. Where IgE in sera recognized lupin proteins on Western blots, it recognized conglutin beta, suggesting this protein is a major allergen for lupin. The L. angustifolius conglutin beta allergen has been designated Lup an 1 by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) allergen nomenclature subcommittee.  相似文献   

6.
The major constituents in grape seed and pine bark extracts are proanthocyanidins. To evaluate material available to consumers, select lots were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) LC/MS was used to identify monomers, dimers, and trimers present. GC/MS analyses led to the identification of ethyl esters of hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, as well as smaller phenolic and terpene components. The GPC molecular weight (MW) distribution indicated components ranging from approximately 162 to approximately 5500 MW (pine bark less than 1180 MW and grape seed approximately 1180 to approximately 5000 MW). MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed that pine bark did not contain oligomers with odd numbers of gallate units and grape seed contained oligomers with both odd and even numbers of gallate. Reflectron MALDI-TOF MS identified oligomers up to a pentamer and heptamer, and linear MALDI-TOF MS showed a mass range nearly double that of reflectron analyses.  相似文献   

7.
Saccharum (= Erianthus) native to North America is an untapped germplasm for genetic improvement of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). There are five species and two varieties native to North America: S. alopecuroideum, S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe vars. brevibarbe and contortum, S. coarctatum, and S. giganteum. There are three cytotypes of S. giganteum (2n = 30, 60, 90), and they overlap in gross morphology. Our objectives were to compare genetic diversity of North American and Old World members of Saccharum. Bulked DNA for five North American species, three Old World Erianthus spp. sect. Ripidium clones, and five sugarcane cultivars was tested by PCR with 13 RAPD primers. A total of 283 repeatable RAPD bands was scored for the nine taxa. Genetic distance coefficients ranged from 0.365 to 0.767 indicating substantial diversity among taxa. Taxa were assigned to one of three cluster groups: 1) S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe var. contortum, S. coarctatum, and S. giganteum 2n = 90; 2) S. gig anteum 2n = 30 and 2n = 60, S. alopecuroideum, and sugarcane cultivars; and 3) Old World Erianthus spp. The RAPD analysis indicated that sugarcane was genetically more similar to North American Saccharum than it was to Old World Erianthus. This was unexpected given that North American Saccharum is geographically, cytologically, morphologically, and possibly reproductively isolated from Old World Erianthus and sugarcane. The data support the taxonomic separation of cytotypes of S. giganteum.  相似文献   

8.
Secondary metabolites (SMs), such as alkaloids and raffinose oligosaccharides (RFOs), play important roles in plant physiology. Although alkaloid and RFO phenotypic variation has been reported for yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), most evaluations have used a reduced number of accessions; thus, limiting the understanding of accumulation patterns and variation ranges. The main goal of this research was to assess alkaloid and RFO content in a diverse L. luteus sample to understand possible SM accumulation patterns across this legume species. Eighteen yellow lupin accessions were analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography to provide insights on seed and leaf RFO and alkaloid phenotypic variation. Co-dominant markers (170) were used to examine genetic relationships among L. luteus accessions and possible accumulation patterns across closely related genotypes. Significant differences were observed for seed and leaf RFOs. Total seed RFO accumulation ranged from 79.738 to 131.079 mg g?1. Raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose were observed in all genotypes’ seeds, but at different RFO concentrations. Raffinose was the only RFO detected in leaves (2.793–0.4224 mg g?1). Total alkaloid accumulation ranged from 0.22 to 15.12 and 0.00 to 8.007 mg g?1 for seeds and leaves, respectively. Lupinine, sparteine, and gramine were observed in seeds and leaves, and showed a wide range of variation. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis showed an apparent pattern of seed alkaloid accumulation, most likely due to domestication events. However, high RFO accumulating accessions were scattered across the NJ tree. Alkaloid and RFO significant phenotypic variation will not only help to understand the roles of these SMs in L. luteus, but also to uncover the genetic basis behind their accumulation.  相似文献   

9.
High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to characterize the procyanidin composition of the grape seed extract. The detection of the oligomers composed of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their galloylated derivatives in the grape seeds is demonstrated. With MALDI-TOF MS, oligomers up to nonamers were observed. The potential of the MALDI-TOF MS technique as a quantification tool is also discussed. The information presented in this study could lead to the determination of procyanidin content and their molecular weight distribution in grape seeds.  相似文献   

10.
Substantial progress was made in the last decade in understanding the diversity in Dioscorea species. However, most of the studies so far concentrated in the ‘yam belt in Africa’. We present a genetic diversity and structure analysis among commercial and local varieties of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) in Brazil using microsatellite and morphological markers. Twelve microsatellite primers were used to generate DNA profiles of 72 local varieties and 17 commercial accessions of water yam collected in four different regions in Brazil. Also, four morphological traits were evaluated on individual plants under field conditions. The morphological characterization showed considerable diversity. High polymorphism was found with 100 % polymorphism observed for 11 primers and a discriminating power value of 0.92, on average. We did not observe a strong population structure among sampling regions, while most of the genetic diversity was concentrated within regions (95.9 %). Analysis of the relationship between accessions did not clearly separate the local and commercial genotypes. However, the molecular analyses of D. alata showed high intraspecific diversity in local accessions from different regions in Brazil, with the highest Shannon index value (H′ = 0.41) for the Southeast region. These results confirmed an admixture of accessions in all sampling regions, consistent with the lack of a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances, suggesting that farmers exchanged water yam materials extensively. The genetic diversity can be explained by the result of a continuous exchange of accessions by farmers throughout Brazil.  相似文献   

11.
Twenty-one RAPD and twelve ISSR primers were used for assessment of genetic diversity and establishing phenetic relationships among 35 genotypes of six currently cultivated Indian Momordica species and five genotypes of two Luffa species. A total of 436 RAPD and 230 ISSR scorable fragments were produced of which 99.8% fragments showed polymorphism among the species and varieties of Momordica and Luffa. The level of polymorphism detected by the 33 random primers was higher among the species (99.8%) of Momordica than that estimated among the varieties (61.3%). The varieties belonging to dioecious Momordica species (75.6%) showed a higher level of polymorphism as compared to monoecious species (50.3%). A significant level (68.6%) of polymorphism however was detected by the two marker types among the Indian varieties of monoecious M. charantia species. A wider range of molecular diversity (16–95%) detected by both RAPD and ISSR markers reflected presence of high level of genetic variation among the species and Indian varieties of Momordica and Luffa. The level of inter-specific diversity was maximum (90%) between annual monoecious M. charantia and perennial dioecious M. cochinchinensis whereas the extent of intra-specific diversity was highest particularly in dioecious species (51%) as compared to monoecious species like M. charantia (38%). Wider divergence of the taxon of controversial identity, M. cymbalaria from the other Indian cultivated Momordica species and their evolutionary closeness with Luffa species was evident. The clustering pattern obtained among the 40 genotypes belonging to different Momordica and Luffa species corresponded well with their morphological, cytological and taxonomic classification, which was further supported by high boot-strap values and PCA analysis. Species and genotype-specific fragments detected by the random markers would be useful in introgression breeding for genetic improvement of Momordica cultivated in India. A smaller set of 28 informative random markers screened in this study could precisely differentiate the Momordica genotypes from each other and thus would be of use in many marker-based genotyping applications in Momordica.  相似文献   

12.
The protein and mineral composition of different varieties of three different lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, and Lupinus luteus) and the effect of alpha-galactoside removal by means of a hydroalcoholic extraction process on such composition were studied in relationship to nutrient distribution among the different anatomical parts of the seed (embryo, cotyledon, and seed coat). The extent of processing-derived protein insolubilization was assessed by both chemical and electrophoretic techniques and related to the amount of nitrogen soluble in H(2)O, NaCl, ethanol, NaOH, and sodium dodecyl sulfate/beta-mercaptoethanol (SDS/BME). The alpha-galactoside extraction process caused a significant increase in the amount of total and insoluble nitrogen and decreased the amount of soluble protein nitrogen, without affecting the content of soluble nonprotein nitrogen. alpha-Galactoside extraction was not effective at decreasing the levels of Mn present in lupins, and processing caused an increase in the content of this mineral in all of the species studied with the exception of L. albus var. multolupa. In general, the effect of processing on mineral content varied with the different lupin species, and mineral losses were lower in L. luteus.  相似文献   

13.
The prevalence of food allergies in the world population requires integrated approaches to identify new potential allergens, especially those of plant origin. The aim of this work was the allergen in vitro analysis of Lupinus albus seed proteome, a promising food protein source, and the assessment of IgE cross-reactivities with other more diffused legume species. A combination of one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analyses with specific IgGs for band identification and lupin-sensitized patients' circulating IgEs for allergenicity studies has been used. Two lupin proteins, namely, conglutin gamma and 11S globulin basic subunits, strongly reacted with all patients' sera. Also, cross-reactivities with the homologous polypeptides of other legume species were observed. Otherwise, no reaction at all was detected with a 2S-type lupin protein. This global electrophoretic approach has allowed the identification of a new potential lupin allergen and confirmed the cross-reactivity among the legume 11S globulin basic subunits.  相似文献   

14.
Red wild einkorn, Triticum urartu, is increasingly being recognized as a source of genetic material for the improvement of wheat grain quality and for conferring resistance to various diseases such as Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust resistance including the virulent race Ug99. Two hundred and two samples of T. urartu collected throughout much of its distribution were investigated by amplified restriction length polymorphism, AFLP? to estimate the genetic diversity within and among them. To infer the genetic structure of the populations the data were subjected to analyses of molecular variance, AMOVA. The analyses of the samples enabled us to assess the location(s) of the richest area(s) in genetic diversity of the species. This area is found in north-western Syria and the adjacent South Turkey. It was also found that the similarity among populations did not reflect on their geographic closeness.  相似文献   

15.
The traditional cultivation of an endangered species, Diospyros riojae, in North-Central Mexico, and the sale of its fruit, is described for the first time. This is complemented by the first examination of genetic structure in New World Ebenaceae. Genetic comparisons are made among 27 accessions of D. riojae from across its known range of cultivation, and individuals of Diospyros conzattii, Diospyros digyna, Diospyros californica, Diospyros rosei, Diospyros rekoi and an unknown species of Diospyros from Oaxaca, Mexico. Morphological comparisons are made between D. conzattii, D. riojae, and the unknown species of Diospyros from Oaxaca. D. riojae is cultivated in two markedly different climates: arid and semi-arid localities west of the Sierra Gorda, especially near Tecozautla, Hidalgo, and humid areas of the Huasteca Region, east of the Sierra Gorda. Much lower levels of genetic diversity were detected in western populations, where populations are larger, and management intensity is the greatest. Neither the results of our genetic analysis, nor our morphological analysis of recent collections of D. riojae, D. conzattii, and an unknown species from Oaxaca, are consistent with the most recent revision of Neotropical Diospyros. Taxon-level divergence, rather than cultivar-level divergence, is suggested for D. riojae and D. conzattii.  相似文献   

16.
Limited biochemical information is available on soybean accessions that have seed protein content greater than 45% of the seed dry weight. SDS-PAGE analysis of seed proteins from nine soybean accessions revealed significantly higher amount of seed storage proteins in these accessions when compared with that of soybean cultivar Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of seed proteins revealed significant differences among several seed storage protein components in these accessions. A total of 51 protein spots were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF MS). The contribution of these proteins to the overall protein content of the accessions was quantified using Delta2D image analysis software. Results showed that among the majority of the nine accessions, the largest difference in higher protein quantity was within the seed 11S storage globulins. The high protein trait from PI407788A was successfully transferred to an experimental line, LG99-469, demonstrating that this trait was transferable and robust.  相似文献   

17.
The genetic diversity and similarities among 40 accessions of Leymus Hochst., distributed in 19 species and 1 subspecies, were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. Of the 120 RAMP primer combinations tested, 24 (20%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 192 bands were amplified by 24 primer combinations, among which 179 (93.23%) bands were found to be polymorphic. Three to thirteen polymorphic bands were amplified by each primer combination, with an average of 7.64 bands. The data of 192 RAMP bands were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA in the NTSYS-pc computer program. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 with the mean of 0.34. The results showed as follows: (1) Distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) The different accessions in a species were clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) The species with similar morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology. It is a useful method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Leymus.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among 50 wild and cultivated accessions of 19 Indian Citrus genotypes were examined through comparison of Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) markers and morphological characters. DAMD-PCR analysis with four primers resulted in amplification of a total of 45 bands, of which 35 (78 %) were polymorphic. Morphometric evaluation using 76 morphological characters showed high level of variability ranging from 0.18 to 1.00 (avg 0.39), whereas the Jaccard’s coefficient values of genetic similarity calculated from DAMD data ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 (avg 0.68), indicating moderate genetic divergence among the accessions studied. UPGMA dendrograms generated separately from morphometric and DAMD data segregated all the accessions of Citrus into four main clusters, each containing a true basic species and their probable hybrids. The grouping of individual accessions/genotypes under respective species or cultivars in DAMD dendrogram was based purely on their genetic relationships rather than geographical origin. There was no absolute congruence between the data and dendrograms generated from morphometric and DAMD analyses. The study demonstrates the resolving power of DAMD markers for discrimination of individual genotypes of Citrus under its respective species, hybrid or cultivar groups and inferring their genetic and phylogenetic relationships as well. This is the first report on application of DAMD markers in Citrus.  相似文献   

19.
A rapid bacterial identification method by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using ribosomal proteins coded in S10 and spc operons as biomarkers, named the S10-GERMS (the S10-spc-alpha operon gene encoded ribosomal protein mass spectrum) method, was applied for the genus Bacillus a Gram-positive bacterium. The S10-GERMS method could successfully distinguish the difference between B. subtilis subsp. subtilis NBRC 13719(T) and B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii NBRC 101239(T) because of the mass difference of 2 ribosomal subunit proteins, despite the difference of only 2 bases in the 16S rRNA gene between them. The 8 selected reliable and reproducible ribosomal subunit proteins without disturbance of S/N level on MALDI-TOF MS analysis, S10, S14, S19, L18, L22, L24, L29, and L30, coded in S10 and spc operons were significantly useful biomarkers for rapid bacterial classification at species and strain levels by the S10-GERMS method of genus Bacillus strains without purification of ribosomal proteins.  相似文献   

20.
In the past, phenotypic resemblances between three species and natural hybrids belonging to the genus Artocarpus were a source of confusion between individuals belonging to these taxons. Now, results of amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and morphological data concerning a great diversity of breadfruit are being published. We have considered historical data about the naturalization of breadfruit in the Caribbean, the number of seed per fruit in the seeded breadfruit cultivated in the Caribbean, and scientific knowledge about breadfruit published today. We have established that the seeded breadfruit grown in the Caribbean is in fact Artocarpus camansi Blanco (1837), recognized as a seeded wild ancestor of the domesticated breadfruit, and not a seeded variety of Artocarpus altilis [synonym Artocarpus incisa] as established by Duss (1897), still often referred to by modern authors.  相似文献   

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