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1.
4种重金属元素对不同潮次平菇产量和质量的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为对当前食用菌生产质量安全提供可靠建议,促进食用菌产业可持续发展,试验以平菇为试材,通过在培养料中添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd、As、Hg元素,研究4种重金属元素对不同潮次平菇产量和质量的影响。结果表明,除50 mg/kgAs处理待出菇日期延迟8天外,其他Pb、Cd、Hg不同浓度重金属处理均能使待出菇日期提前5~13天;培养料中添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd、As、Hg重金属元素后,均能不同程度提高平菇产量（50 mg/kgAs除外）,其中0.05 mg/kg Pb、1 mg/kg Pb、1 mg/kgAs和10 mg/kg Pb处理增产效果明显;除50 mg/kgAs处理使平菇生物学效率降低了15.3%外,其他Pb、Cd、Hg不同浓度重金属处理生物学效率均有明显提高,0.05 mg/kg Pb处理生物学效率最高为89.2%,较对照高42.4%;另外,相关性和主成分分析结果表明,平菇产量越低,重金属含量越高,富集系数也越高;培养料中的重金属含量越高,后期潮次的重金属含量越高,富集系数也越高,Pb、Cd、As、Hg重金属元素在平菇中的累积作用明显。 相似文献
2.
不同基因型甜高粱对重金属的吸收规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明甜高粱在多种重金属共存土壤中对各重金属的吸收规律,筛选理想的土壤修复甜高粱品种。以含有不同浓度的Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg农田土壤为对象,以6种不同基因型甜高粱为供试材料,分析各甜高粱品种的生物学性状,植株体中各部位重金属分布特征和富集转移能力。结果表明：醇用型品种的糖锤度均显著高于饲用型品种;大卡的干物质量最大,其次是科甜1号和大奖1180。Cd、Pb、As主要分布在甜高粱根部,不易被转移;Hg易被转移,主要分布在叶部;Cu的分布因品种而异;Cd的富集系数最大为1.61,As最小仅为0.11,科甜1号对Cu和Hg的富集能力强,科甜2号对Pb和As的富集能力强,大奖1180对Cd的富集能力和对5种重金属的平均富集能力最强。 相似文献
3.
《耕作与栽培》2017,(5)
为探讨贵州柑橘园不同土壤类型重金属含量的相关性,按照土壤重金属元素的测定方法,分析了贵州清水江、红水河、南盘江沿岸柑橘园不同土壤类型中p H值、Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr的含量。结果表明,在黄壤和黄红壤中,Hg与Cd、As、Pb、Cr均呈负相关,不显著,Cr与Cd、Hg、Pb、As均呈负相关,不显著,说明Cd、Pb、As来源于相同的成土母岩,Hg、Cr是源于其它成土母岩;在石灰土柑橘园中,土壤重金属元素间都呈正相关,其中Cd与Hg、Pb互为显著正相关,Pb与Cr呈显著正相关,同样表明,Cd、Hg、Pb,Pb、Cr来源相同成土母岩。且石灰土柑橘园重金属含量最高,黄红壤柑橘园次之,黄壤柑橘园最低。黄壤柑橘园对重金属的吸附能力大于石灰土柑橘园。 相似文献
4.
为了探究银多金属矿区周边农田土壤剖面重金属的分布情况,以闽西中堡银多金属矿区周边农田土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤剖面中重金属Cu、Cd、Hg、Zn、Pb、Ni、As、Cr 的含量和垂直分布规律,并讨论了污染元素的来源。结果表明：该区土壤Cu、Cd、Hg、Zn、Pb的含量垂直向下规律呈下降趋势,其中Cu、Cd和Hg主要在表层富集,Pb 和Zn的表聚现象较弱。As和Cr 未呈现表层富集现象,其含量随深度增加呈增大趋势。Ni 含量在剖面中无太大变化。只有表层土壤Cu、Cd、Hg超标,其平均综合污染指数大于1,属于轻度Cu-Cd-Hg复合污染型。土壤Cu、Cd污染源主要来自于银多金属矿区活动,而Hg污染源与民间冶金有关。 相似文献
5.
不同种植模式对稻田土壤重金属含量及晚稻稻米品质的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为了寻求消减土壤重金属的种植模式,确保食物安全,以6年定位试验,研究了5种不同种植模式对稻田土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Hg、As含量、晚稻植株重金属的积累与分配、稻米品质及产量的影响。结果表明,与冬闲-双季稻(CK)相比,黑麦草-双季稻(T1)、紫云英-双季稻(T2)、油菜-双季稻(T3)和马铃薯-双季稻(T4) 4种冬种模式对土壤重金属含量表现出明显差异,其中T1土壤As,T2土壤Cd、Hg、As,T3土壤Cd、Hg,T4土壤Pb、Hg含量均显著低于CK,但T1土壤Hg,T3土壤As,T4土壤Cd、As含量显著高于CK。不同种植模式晚稻植株重金属含量均为根>茎叶>糙米,冬种模式根重金属含量均低于CK,茎叶Cd含量均高于CK,茎叶Pb、Hg、As含量表现不稳定,糙米Cd、Pb含量除T4 Cd外,其余均显著低于CK。冬种模式均增加了稻米出糙率、整精米率、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量,降低了垩白米率和垩白大小。冬种模式增加了晚稻产量,其中T4比CK显著增产17.52%。上述结果说明,冬种模式有促进消减土壤部分重金属污染趋势,但其作用有限,并能一定程度降低糙米Cd、Pb含量,改善稻米品质和提高水稻产量。 相似文献
6.
冷水江锑矿区重金属污染林地土壤环境质量评价 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
为了锑矿区土壤生态修复、造林树种选择和快速恢复植被提供科学依据,采集了冷水江锑矿区受重金属污染的林地土壤样品,运用原子吸收分光光度法对土壤中6种重金属元素进行了测定,并对锑矿区受重金属污染的森林土壤环境质量进行了全面评价,结果表明：锑矿区三地点土壤中Sb、As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量有极显著差异。七里铺点土壤中以Sb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量最高,长龙界点土壤中以As含量最高,联盟点土壤中以Pb含量最高。随着土层厚度的增加,土壤中Sb、As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量呈递减的趋势。联盟点、长龙界点重金属污染的大小顺序是：Sb>Cd>Hg>As>Zn>Pb。七里铺点重金属污染的大小顺序是：Sb>Cd>Hg>Zn>As>Pb。依据内梅罗污染指数评价标准,冷水江锑矿区存在着严重的Sb、As、Cd、Hg和轻度的Zn、Pb复合污染。从不同土层重金属污染的内梅罗污染指数及重金属含量的分布特征分析,Sb、Hg在土壤中具有较大的迁移性,Zn具有中等的迁移性,而As、Pb、Cd则具有较小的迁移性。 相似文献
7.
马铃薯对土壤中4种重金属富集能力的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为选育低重金属积累的马铃薯品种,解决食物链重金属富集问题,以11个不同马铃薯品种为试材,对马铃薯植株不同器官中Cd、Pb、As和Cr的吸收和转移能力进行研究。结果表明,在参试的11个马铃薯品种中,不同基因型马铃薯不同器官鲜样中Cd、Cr、As和Pb的含量存在较大差异。在马铃薯根、薯皮和薯肉鲜样中,4种重金属平均含量的高低顺序为Cr>Pb>Cd>As,而在马铃薯茎叶鲜样中则为Pb>Cr>Cd>As。经测定,参试马铃薯品种薯肉中的4种重金属含量均未超过国家食品重金属限定标准。在马铃薯各器官对重金属的富集情况分析中,Cr、As、Pb和Cd在马铃薯根系中的平均富集系数最高,Cd在马铃薯根、茎、叶的平均富集系数均大于1,表明其具有较强的富集作用。不同品种马铃薯各器官中重金属的转移系数也呈现出显著差异。其中,Cd和As在马铃薯各器官的平均转移系数为茎>叶>薯皮>薯肉,而Cr和Pb的平均转移系数则为叶>茎>薯皮>薯肉。另外,Cd在品种‘D597’薯肉中的富集系数及转移系数都呈现最低值,表明‘D597’为Cd低吸收、低积累型品种。 相似文献
8.
重金属元素在玉米植株中分布研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用ICP等离子体法对黎塘岩溶区铁锰结核胁迫下的土壤和玉米不同器官进行了重金属含量分析,并对玉米不同器官富集系数以及与土壤重金属元素的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：（1）重金属元素As、Cd、Cr已对土壤构成了污染;（2）玉米各器官中As、Cd和Cr含量相对较低,Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn含量相对较高;不同器官对重金属的富集总量以叶最高,茎和种子相对较少;玉米根中Cd、Cr含量最高,茎中Pb含量最高,叶中As、Cu、Zn、Mn含量最高,而玉米茎中Zn、Mn含量最低,玉米种子中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb含量最低;玉米植株对重金属元素的平均富集系数普遍较低,其值均低于1.000。（4）玉米根中Mn、Cr与土壤中Mn、Cr达到了显著正相关,茎中Mn与土壤中Mn达到了显著正相关,而玉米茎中Cd、Pb与土壤中Cd、Pb达到了显著负相关,叶中Pb与土壤中Pb达到了显著负相关,玉米种子中重金属元素与土壤中对应的重金属元素均没有达到显著相关,且相关性较低;重金属含量的分析可为当地农业种植提供方向,种植玉米是当地优先选择。 相似文献
9.
重金属胁迫对小麦生长的影响及阈值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以当前农业研究的热点领域-重金属污染为切入点,研究大田环境下Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr这5种重金属对郑麦9023、小偃22的株高、穗长及产量等生长因子的影响。结果表明,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr胁迫对郑麦9023的穗长及As、Cd、Cr胁迫对小偃22的穗长均表现出抑制效应;而Hg、Pb胁迫对小偃22的穗长表现为促进效应。与对照相比,5种重金属对小偃22的株高均表现为抑制作用;而As、Hg胁迫对郑麦9023的株高则表现为促进作用,Cd、Pb胁迫则表现为"高促低抑"的特点,Cr胁迫表现为"低促高抑"趋势。此外,5种重金属胁迫下,只有重金属Cr胁迫显著降低了2个小麦品种的籽粒产量,而Cd、Hg、Pb、As胁迫则没有表现出抑制现象。通过对重金属胁迫浓度与产量的拟合分析,得出As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb这5种重金属对郑麦9023的产量阈值分别为53.42,1.31,749.73,7.43,555.57 mg/kg,对小偃22的产量阈值分别为42.58,1.80,828.18,10.30,437.01 mg/kg。表明郑麦9023抗As、Pb胁迫能力较强,而小偃22抗Cd、Cr、Hg胁迫的能力相对较强。 相似文献
10.
通过采集贵州省各地区9种小品种蔬菜样品,探究小品种蔬菜重金属Pb、Cd、Hg、As的污染状况,以及4种重金属对人体的健康风险。结果表明:贵州省小品种蔬菜的重金属Hg、Pb、Cd、As超标率均低于3%,风险较低;在一定程度上存在综合污染,其中芫荽、茼蒿和细香葱重金属综合污染相对严重,南瓜和丝瓜则受到重金属综合污染的影响比较小;由聚类分析和计算暴露风险指数值可知,细香葱、芫荽、茼蒿相对于其他几种小品种蔬菜风险较高,但平均含量均未超过MRL值,总体风险较小,9种小品种蔬菜的As、Cd、Hg和Pb的HQ蔬菜值〈1,健康风险可以接受。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献