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玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病性分化及几种鉴定技术比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究从我国20余个主栽玉米品种和20个骨干自交系中筛选鉴别寄主,并辅助采用RAPD和同工酶电泳的遗传和生理生化分析,对现阶段我国玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病性分化现状进行了测定。研究表明：自交系沈135、78599-1、 Mo17、477、C8605、E28、7922和黄早4具有较强的鉴别特性,通过8个鉴别寄主将采自我国玉米产区的23株弯孢叶斑病菌分为6个致病类型,其中类型A致病性强、分布广,为优势致病类群;类型D主要分布在我国零星发生的地区,为弱致病类群。不同方法鉴定的结果具有相关性,特别是对那些致病性分化明显、致病性强的菌株三种鉴定方法鉴定结果关系密切,都能对应地划分在同一个组里。 相似文献
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玉米丝黑穗病菌生理分化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用6个抗病性差异明显的鉴别寄主对玉米丝黑穗病菌进行生理分化鉴定,结果鉴别出7个生理分化致病类型:菌株03-13、03-04、03-07、03-22和03-12属于致病类型Ⅰ;菌株03-23、03-18和03-29属于致病类型Ⅱ;菌株03-20、03-26、03-16和03-14属于致病类型Ⅲ;菌株03-17、03-03、03-11和03-28属于致病类型Ⅳ;菌株03-02和03-08属于致病类型Ⅴ;菌株03-10、03-21和03-25属于致病类型Ⅵ;菌株03-01属于致病类型Ⅶ。高梁丝黑穗病菌对所有的鉴别寄主都不具有侵染力,归属于致病类型Ⅰ。 相似文献
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玉米灰斑病菌致病过程的寄主反应研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对玉米灰斑病菌侵染后的显症过程的系统观察,可在组织水平上说明该病菌与寄主互作反应存在分化或多样性：玉米灰斑病菌不同菌株侵染后显症过程表现出明显的差异;玉米灰斑病菌在侵袭力上存在多样性,菌株间对同一种品种的致病性表现多样化,或者同一菌株对不同品种侵染引起的寄主反应表现为多样性;病斑反应型的分化,玉米灰斑病菌侵染玉米品种或自交系后,主要有7种病斑反应类型,即RH型(长矩形具褪绿晕圈病斑)、RN型(长矩形无褪绿晕圈病斑)、IRH型(不规则形具褪绿晕圈病斑)、IRN型(不规则形无褪绿晕圈病斑)、SH型(斑点形具褪绿晕圈病斑)、RI型(长矩形与不规则形混合病斑)和RS型(长矩形与斑点形混合病斑),若发病严重,病斑连成片,而且这些反应类型出现的频率也不同。 相似文献
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东北地区玉米大斑病菌生理分化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确东北地区玉米大斑病菌的生理分化及小种动态情况,分析玉米大斑病加重的原因。采用常规Ht单基因(Ht1、Ht2、Ht3、HtN)鉴别寄主鉴定技术,对2010年采自辽宁、吉林、黑龙江省22个县(市)88份玉米大斑病菌的菌株进行了生理小种鉴定,共鉴定出0、1、2、N、12、1N、23、2N、3N、12N、123N、123、23N和12N号14个生理小种;东北地区大斑病菌生理分化明显,出现了能够克服多个抗性基因的小种,其中,0号和1号生理小种分别占供试菌株的37.5%和20.5%,为优势小种;所鉴定的88个菌株对Ht1、Ht2、Ht3和HtN抗性基因的毒性频率分别为45.5%,30.7%,15.9%,23.7%。研究结果表明,东北地区玉米大斑病菌生理小种组成及种间的变异频率开始趋于复杂化,不断有新小种出现。玉米大斑病菌新小种出现0号和1号以外其他小种,出现频率升高和品种抗性丧失是导致玉米大斑病发生的重要原因。 相似文献
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为了解福建省玉米小斑病菌的致病型及其群体结构,采用病斑长度测量法研究了2014—2015年采自福建省7个地区的247个菌株侵染不同细胞质玉米品种‘C103T’、‘C103C’、‘C103S’和‘C103’后叶片的病斑型。结果表明,所有供试菌株均可引起4个玉米品种发病,其病斑长度平均值介于1.15~5.40 mm、1.06~4.70 mm、1.09~4.84 mm和1.15~5.21 mm之间。根据病斑长度将病斑分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ型,其菌株出现频率分别为80.26%和19.74%。依据各菌株依次在4个不同品种玉米上的病斑型,供试菌株群体被划分出15个致病型,其中致病型CHP15(病斑反应型Ⅰ-Ⅰ-Ⅰ-Ⅰ)为优势型,致病型CHP11(病斑反应型Ⅲ-Ⅰ-Ⅰ)为亚优势型,优势型和亚优势型分别占供试总菌株数的57.49%和9.72%。不同地区菌株之间的致病型组成及其出现频率存在多样性。此外,其中的235个O小种菌株也出现了14个致病型,菌株间的致病力存在明显的分化。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,(10)
为抗病育种提供新的强致病力资源菌株,分析新疆主要产棉区棉花黄萎病病原菌的形态特征、菌系变异和致病力分化情况,探究菌株的抗病水平。本研究从新疆南、北疆植棉区共采集35株棉花黄萎病病杆,经分离纯化、形态鉴定及菌落观察,筛选出1株致病力较强的菌株NH1作为供试菌株。采用鉴别寄主法,检测发现NH1菌株对20个不同抗性的寄主品种均有表现不同程度的致病力。抗性鉴定结果显示,参与鉴别寄主的20个品种材料中未出现免疫或高抗的材料,表现抗病的材料有5个,占鉴定材料的25%;感病品种11个,占鉴定材料的55%;耐病的材料4个,占鉴定材料的20%。根据病情指数进行划分,NH1菌株的相对病情指数为37.1,大于30.1,生理型鉴定为1号生理小种,PCR鉴定为落叶型。结果表明,NH1菌株为生理型1型的强致病力落叶型菌株,可作为新的强致病力菌,对提升棉花黄萎病的统防统治具有重要实践意义。 相似文献
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黑龙江省北部七县市玉米大斑病菌小种鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米大斑病的发生流行常对玉米生产造成严重损失,而该病的发生与病原菌生理小种变异密切相关,新生理小种的出现往往导致生产上玉米品种抗性丧失。为此,在玉米主产地及时准确地调查该地区大斑病菌的小种变异,对指导抗病育种和抗病品种的生产推广有重要意义。本研究从黑龙江省第三、第四积温带玉米产区的7个县市中采集病害标样,通过组织分离获得了21个玉米大斑病菌菌株。经采用玉米大斑病菌生理小种鉴别寄主接种鉴定,发现在上述区域内仅有13N和23N 2个生理小种,小种构成较为简单,并且以13N号小种为主。 相似文献
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[目的]为了解福建省玉米小斑病菌的致病性及其群体结构,[方法]研究了2014-2015年采自福建省7个地区的247个菌株侵染不同细胞质玉米品种C103T、C103C、C103S和C103后叶片的病斑型,[结果]结果表明,所有供试菌株均可引起4个玉米品种发病,其病斑长度平均值分别介于1.15 mm-5.40 mm、1.06 mm-4.70 mm、1.09 mm-4.84 mm和1.15 mm-5.21 mm之间。根据病斑长度将病斑分为I和II型,其菌株出现频率分别为80.26%和19.74%。依据各菌株依次在4个不同品种玉米上的病斑型,供试菌株群体被划分出15个致病型,其中致病型CHP15(病斑反应型I-I-I-I)为优势型,致病型CHP11(病斑反应型II-I-I-I)为亚优势型,优势型和亚优势型分别占供试总菌株数的57.49%和9.72%。[结论]不同地区菌株之间的致病型组成及其出现频率存在多样性。此外,其中的235个O小种菌株也出现了14个致病型,菌株间的致病力存在明显的分化。 相似文献
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河北省玉米小斑病菌生理小种鉴定及群体动态变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
1987-2003年从河北省10个地区采集玉米小斑病标样,对分离出的288个玉米小斑病菌菌株进行了生理小种鉴定。在鉴定的年度范围内,玉米小斑病菌T小种、C小种、S生理型与O小种的分离频率在地区间和年度间存在显著差异,O小种的平均分离频率明显高于其他小种,是河北省玉米小斑病菌的优势小种。在年度间,C小种的分离频率也存在显著差异,T小种、S生理型、O小种的分离频率无显著差异。O小种具有不同致病力,强致病力菌株和中等致病力菌株的出现频率较弱致病力菌株高,强致病力菌株主要分布在河北省的东部和南部,弱致病力菌株主要分布在河北省北部。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献