共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
Ding Z Quinn BM Haram SK Pell LE Korgel BA Bard AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5571):1293-1297
Reversible electrochemical injection of discrete numbers of electrons into sterically stabilized silicon nanocrystals (NCs) (approximately 2 to 4 nanometers in diameter) was observed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in N,N'-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile. The electrochemical gap between the onset of electron injection and hole injection-related to the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals-grew with decreasing nanocrystal size, and the DPV peak potentials above the onset for electron injection roughly correspond to expected Coulomb blockade or quantized double-layer charging energies. Electron transfer reactions between positively and negatively charged nanocrystals (or between charged nanocrystals and molecular redox-active coreactants) occurred that led to electron and hole annihilation, producing visible light. The electrogenerated chemiluminescence spectra exhibited a peak maximum at 640 nanometers, a significant red shift from the photoluminescence maximum (420 nanometers) of the same silicon NC solution. These results demonstrate that the chemical stability of silicon NCs could enable their use as redox-active macromolecular species with the combined optical and charging properties of semiconductor quantum dots. 相似文献
2.
RP Andres T Bein M Dorogi S Feng JI Henderson CP Kubiak W Mahoney RG Osifchin R Reifenberger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1323-1325
Double-ended aryl dithiols [alpha,alpha'-xylyldithiol (XYL) and 4,4'-biphenyldithiol] formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold(111) substrates and were used to tether nanometer-sized gold clusters deposited from a cluster beam. An ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope was used to image these nanostructures and to measure their current-voltage characteristics as a function of the separation between the probe tip and the metal cluster. At room temperature, when the tip was positioned over a cluster bonded to the XYL SAM, the current-voltage data showed "Coulomb staircase" behavior. These data are in good agreement with semiclassical predictions for correlated single-electron tunneling and permit estimation of the electrical resistance of a single XYL molecule (approximately18 ± 12 megohms). 相似文献
3.
A DNA array detection method is reported in which the binding of oligonucleotides functionalized with gold nanoparticles leads to conductivity changes associated with target-probe binding events. The binding events localize gold nanoparticles in an electrode gap; silver deposition facilitated by these nanoparticles bridges the gap and leads to readily measurable conductivity changes. An unusual salt concentration-dependent hybridization behavior associated with these nanoparticle probes was exploited to achieve selectivity without a thermal-stringency wash. Using this method, we have detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 500 femtomolar with a point mutation selectivity factor of approximately 100,000:1. 相似文献
4.
A single-electron memory, in which a bit of information is stored by one electron, is demonstrated at room temperature. The memory is a floating gate metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor in silicon with a channel width ( approximately 10 nanometers) smaller than the Debye screening length of a single electron and a nanoscale polysilicon dot ( approximately 7 nanometers by 7 nanometers) as the floating gate embedded between the channel and the control gate. Storing one electron on the floating gate screens the entire channel from the potential on the control gate and leads to (i) a discrete shift in the threshold voltage, (ii) a staircase relation between the charging voltage and the shift, and (iii) a self-limiting charging process. The structure and fabrication of the memory should be compatible with future ultralarge-scale integrated circuits. 相似文献
5.
The application of ultrashort voltage pulses between a tool electrode and a workpiece in an electrochemical environment allows the three-dimensional machining of conducting materials with submicrometer precision. The principle is based on the finite time constant for double-layer charging, which varies linearly with the local separation between the electrodes. During nanosecond pulses, the electrochemical reactions are confined to electrode regions in close proximity. This technique was used for local etching of copper and silicon as well as for local copper deposition. 相似文献
6.
McKee RA Walker FJ Nardelli MB Shelton WA Stocks GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1726-1730
The barrier height for electron exchange at a dielectric-semiconductor interface has long been interpreted in terms of Schottky's theory with modifications from gap states induced in the semiconductor by the bulk termination. Rather, we show with the structure specifics of heteroepitaxy that the electrostatic boundary conditions can be set in a distinct interface phase that acts as a "Coulomb buffer." This Coulomb buffer is tunable and will functionalize the barrier-height concept itself. 相似文献
7.
Incremental single-electron charging of size-quantized states has been observed in the well in submicrometer double-barrier resonant tunneling devices. In order to distinguish between the effects of size quantization and the single-electron charging, the heterostructure material was grown asymmetrical so that one barrier is substantially less transparent than the other. In the voltage polarity such that the emitter barrier is more transparent than the collector barrier, electrons accumulate in the well; incremental electron occupation of the well is accompanied by Coulomb blockade, which leads to sharp steps of the tunneling current. In the opposite voltage polarity the emitter barrier is less transparent than the collector barrier and the tunneling current reflects resonant tunneling through size-quantized well states. 相似文献
8.
Singha A Gibertini M Karmakar B Yuan S Polini M Vignale G Katsnelson MI Pinczuk A Pfeiffer LN West KW Pellegrini V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6034):1176-1179
Artificial crystal lattices can be used to tune repulsive Coulomb interactions between electrons. We trapped electrons, confined as a two-dimensional gas in a gallium arsenide quantum well, in a nanofabricated lattice with honeycomb geometry. We probed the excitation spectrum in a magnetic field, identifying collective modes that emerged from the Coulomb interaction in the artificial lattice, as predicted by the Mott-Hubbard model. These observations allow us to determine the Hubbard gap and suggest the existence of a Coulomb-driven ground state. 相似文献
9.
[目的]将链替代扩增技术与核酸修饰纳米金积聚变色的光学特性相结合,设计了一种新型的直观检测3′端暴露单链核酸的方法,实现对单链核酸的高灵敏度检测。[方法]设计一条含有硫代修饰酶切位点的单链核酸（ZDNA）,其酶切位点5′端是能将核酸修饰纳米金变色的Linker序列,3′端是能与Target单链核酸3′端完全互补的H序列。当无Target存在时,Linker会充分暴露,能使核酸修饰纳米金积聚呈现紫色;但是当Target存在时,会与H序列完全互补,作为ZDNA的引物进入链替代扩增循环,形成的新链不断与Linker序列互补,不能使核酸修饰纳米金积聚呈现红色,从而间接检测了Target单链核酸。[结果]通过一系列试验确定检测体系,具体为：40μl修饰纳米金溶液（0.52 nmol/L）加入10μl酶循环体系（ZDNA20 nmol/L,33 mmol/L Tris-HCl（pH值7.9）;10 mmol/L MgCl2;66 mmol/LNaCl;0.5 mmol/LdNTP;0.1 mg/ml BSA;0.05 U/μl klenow;1 U/μl Hinc II）,直观或紫外检测并绘制Target浓度与纳米金积聚程度的标准曲线,表明Target浓度在1~200 pmol/L的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R2=0.946,最低检测限是1 pmol/L。[结论]链替代扩增-纳米金比色检测单链核酸方法简便、直观、成本低,与传统修饰纳米金比色检测DNA方法相比,灵敏度提高了104倍。 相似文献
10.
用水热法制备了氢氧化镍超级电容器电极材料,在对它的形貌、充放电电流等进行测试分析的基础上,应用速度反应理论,得到材料的充电电流强度和储能量与材料性质和充电时间等的关系.结果表明:材料的充电电流强度和储能量均随充电时间的增长而非线性地增大,其变化情况与反应物和生成物的化学势以及温度有关.理论与实验结果基本符合. 相似文献
11.
用一步室温固相化学反应法合成CdS纳米颗粒，并以氨催化水解法对其表面进行了修饰，得到了具有CdS／SiO2核／壳结构的纳米微球，以透射电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对其结构和物相进行了表征，并研究了其光致发射光谱的性质，研究结果表明：固相反应完全，产物为纯相CdS，室温固相化学反应法避免了传统湿法存在的团聚现象的缺点，具有产率高、无污染、节能等优点；而且CdS纳米颗粒表面经SiO2修饰后，其带边发射显增强，缺陷发射减弱，且在一定范围内随着SiO2包覆层厚度的增加，荧光强度增加。 相似文献
12.
Saxena SK Dubrovinsky LS Häggkvist P Cerenius Y Shen G Mao HK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5231):1703-1704
X-ray synchrotron experiments with in situ laser heating of iron in a diamond-anvil cell show that the high-pressure epsilon phase, a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, transforms to another phase (possibly a polytype double-layer hcp) at a pressure of about 38 gigapascals and at temperatures between 1200 and 1500 kelvin. This information has implications for the phase relations of iron in Earth's core. 相似文献
13.
对林业科技核心期刊在多个评价系统中的现况进行了对比分析,结果表明因评价机构本身的差异(收录源期刊的总数不同,计量指标的统计来源不同,学科分类不同及计量指标的权重不同等)导致一些林业类期刊间不容易进行对比。通过解读林业科技核心期刊在多个评价数据库的指标,提示期刊应该长期不懈地坚持自己的办刊理念,从吸收学科高水平的论文做起,尽量发表与期刊所属学科相关的论文,走学科发展之路。作为期刊编辑在保证期刊刊登的文章能给同行业的研究者参考和使用外,同时要跟踪期刊评价数据库以及其它检索工具,关注各指标权重变化,了解各统计指标调整的趋势,积极跟进期刊在数据库的情况和在核心期刊中的排名,查找期刊存在的差距,通过努力提高期刊的综合影响力。 相似文献
14.
Fan H Yang K Boye DM Sigmon T Malloy KJ Xu H López GP Brinker CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5670):567-571
We report the synthesis of a new nanocrystal (NC) mesophase through self-assembly of water-soluble NC micelles with soluble silica. The mesophase comprises gold nanocrystals arranged within a silica matrix in a face-centered cubic lattice with cell dimensions that are adjustable through control of the nanocrystal diameter and/or the alkane chain lengths of the primary alkanethiol stabilizing ligands or the surrounding secondary surfactants. Under kinetically controlled silica polymerization conditions, evaporation drives self-assembly of NC micelles into ordered NC/silica thin-film mesophases during spin coating. The intermediate NC micelles are water soluble and of interest for biolabeling. Initial experiments on a metal-insulator-metal capacitor fabricated with an ordered three-dimensional gold nanocrystal/silica array as the "insulator" demonstrated collective Coulomb blockade behavior below 100 kelvin and established the current-voltage scaling relationship for a well-defined three-dimensional array of Coulomb islands. 相似文献
15.
Rosi NL Giljohann DA Thaxton CS Lytton-Jean AK Han MS Mirkin CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5776):1027-1030
We describe the use of gold nanoparticle-oligonucleotide complexes as intracellular gene regulation agents for the control of protein expression in cells. These oligonucleotide-modified nanoparticles have affinity constants for complementary nucleic acids that are higher than their unmodified oligonucleotide counterparts, are less susceptible to degradation by nuclease activity, exhibit greater than 99% cellular uptake, can introduce oligonucleotides at a higher effective concentration than conventional transfection agents, and are nontoxic to the cells under the conditions studied. By chemically tailoring the density of DNA bound to the surface of gold nanoparticles, we demonstrated a tunable gene knockdown. 相似文献
16.
17.
不同类型果袋对霞光油桃果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验以晚熟油桃品种霞光为试验材料,研究了不同纸质类型果袋(白色单层纸袋、外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋)对油桃果实品质的影响。结果表明:与不套袋的对照相比,套袋处理显著降低了油桃病虫果率、果锈指数和裂果率(P<0.05),并显著增加了亮度值、色饱和度和去皮硬度(P<0.05)。3种套袋处理中,外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋处理的病虫果率和裂果率均显著低于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05),而单果重显著高于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05);外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋处理的果实亮度值、黄色饱和度、色饱和度均显著高于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05);白色单层纸袋和外黄内白双层纸袋处理的果实红色饱和度、红色饱和度与黄色饱和度比值均显著高于外黄内黑双层纸袋处理(P<0.05)。因此,用外黄内白双层纸袋对长江下游地区晚熟油桃进行套袋生产是一种较好的方法。 相似文献
18.
We describe the synthesis of bilayer graphene thin films deposited on insulating silicon carbide and report the characterization of their electronic band structure using angle-resolved photoemission. By selectively adjusting the carrier concentration in each layer, changes in the Coulomb potential led to control of the gap between valence and conduction bands. This control over the band structure suggests the potential application of bilayer graphene to switching functions in atomic-scale electronic devices. 相似文献
19.
Zhao A Li Q Chen L Xiang H Wang W Pan S Wang B Xiao X Yang J Hou JG Zhu Q 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5740):1542-1544
We report that the Kondo effect exerted by a magnetic ion depends on its chemical environment. A cobalt phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on an Au111 surface exhibited no Kondo effect. Cutting away eight hydrogen atoms from the molecule with voltage pulses from a scanning tunneling microscope tip allowed the four orbitals of this molecule to chemically bond to the gold substrate. The localized spin was recovered in this artificial molecular structure, and a clear Kondo resonance was observed near the Fermi surface. We attribute the high Kondo temperature (more than 200 kelvin) to the small on-site Coulomb repulsion and the large half-width of the hybridized d-level. 相似文献
20.
Artificial nanostructures, each composed of a copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecule bonded to two gold atomic chains with a controlled gap, were assembled on a NiAl(110) surface by manipulation of individual gold atoms and CuPc molecules with a scanning tunneling microscope. The electronic densities of states of these hybrid structures were measured by spatially resolved electronic spectroscopy and systematically tuned by varying the number of gold atoms in the chains one by one. The present approach provides structural images and electronic characterization of the metal-molecule-metal junction, thereby elucidating the nature of the contacts between the molecule and metal in this junction. 相似文献