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1.
靖远某猪场母猪繁殖性能统计分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
母猪繁殖力是影响种猪场经济效益的重要因素。文章对靖远某猪场大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪的1 200窝产仔记录进行统计分析,对总产仔数、总活仔数、初生窝重、共3个繁殖性状进行单因素方差分析,分析胎次和品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,胎次对总产仔数、总活仔数、初生窝重的影响极显著(P0.01),而且3个品种的母猪均表现出第一胎产仔数低,2~6胎产仔数最高,7胎以后产仔数开始下降,11胎以上产仔数最低;品种对总活仔数、初生窝重的影响不显著(P0.05),对总产仔数影响极显著,其中大白母猪显著高于长白和杜洛克,杜洛克和长白差异不显著(P0.05)。研究结果为降低非传染性因素造成的种母猪产仔数低的问题以及种猪场对母猪繁殖力的选育提高提供了参考数据和理论依据。 相似文献
2.
10cm适度深部输精对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以杜洛克、长白和大白母猪群为研究对象,探究10 cm适度深部输精对3个品种母猪繁殖性能的影响。选择杜洛克母猪60头、长白母猪65头、大白母猪93头,按品种随机分为深部输精组和常规输精组,其中深部输精组采用10 cm适度深部输精方法。分析两种输精方式对3个品种母猪的受胎率、分娩率、活仔率和健仔率等繁殖性能指标的影响。结果表明,从输精前期操作时间看,3个品种母猪深部输精组极显著长于常规输精组（P〈0.01）,长白和大白母猪深部输精组精液输入时间则明显短于常规输精组（P〈0.05）。从受胎率和分娩率看,大白母猪、杜洛克母猪和长白母猪深部输精和常规输精组间没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。深部输精与常规输精组中杜洛克和大白母猪相比,母猪窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和窝产健仔数差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。长白母猪深部输精组窝产仔数和窝产活仔数显著高于常规输精组（P〈0.05）。另外,两种输精方式对3个品种母猪活仔率和健仔率没有影响（P〉0.05）。因此,为提高人工授精技术的效率和产仔性能,建议在长白母猪繁育过程中采用10 cm适度深部输精技术。 相似文献
3.
妊娠期背膘厚对母猪产程及繁殖性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为优化母猪繁殖效率,探究妊娠期不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能和分娩产程的影响,本研究以广西某公司2 969头大白母猪和1 787头长白母猪为试验群体,收集2017年1月至2017年10月妊娠期3个阶段(妊娠30、80和107 d)背膘厚与分娩接产记录数据,分析背膘厚与分娩产程、总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重等性状的关系。研究结果表明,大白母猪分娩产程时间显著短于长白母猪(P0.05),大白母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重显著优于长白母猪(P0.05)。在妊娠30 d时,背膘厚在18～20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大;背膘厚在18～20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高。在妊娠80 d时,背膘厚≥20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大、产程最短;背膘厚在16～18 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较高、母猪产程较短。在妊娠107 d时,背膘厚在14～16 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大,但母猪产程与其他组差异不显著(P0.05);背膘厚≥20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较大。妊娠期背膘厚减少1～2 mm的大白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较小,产程较长。而背膘厚减少2 mm的长白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较大,产程较短。上述试验结果说明,在母猪妊娠期间,合适的背膘厚可有效提高母猪繁殖性能和母猪分娩期间的福利水平。养殖场可以根据营养配方和猪群品种建立背膘数据库,通过精准饲喂将母猪背膘厚调整至最佳范围,同时合理控制妊娠期背膘变化。 相似文献
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胎次、产仔月份及纯繁/杂交对母猪产仔性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究统计分析了部分非遗传因素(胎次、产仔月份及纯繁/杂交)对长白、大白和杜洛克母猪产仔性能(总产仔数、产活仔数及初生窝重)的影响,旨在为后备母猪的选种提供指导。结果表明,2~5胎仔猪的初生窝重较重;其中2、3胎的初生窝重极显著高于头胎及6胎之后的仔猪初生窝重(P<0.01)。3月份总产仔数、产活仔数及初生窝重极显著高于其他月份(P<0.01),且11月份初生窝重显著低于其他月份(P<0.05)。长白纯繁母猪在产活仔数方面极显著优于大白纯繁母猪和长白×大白杂交母猪(P<0.01);在初生窝重方面,大白×长白杂交母猪的初生窝重极显著高于大白纯繁母猪和长白×大白杂交母猪(P<0.01)。第2胎与3~4胎、第3胎与第4胎的总产仔数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,该猪场母猪3~6胎的产仔性能较好,且以1~4月份的产仔性能为佳;配种方式以长白纯繁和大白×长白杂交为宜;第2胎产仔性能可作为后备母猪选留的重要依据。 相似文献
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《浙江畜牧兽医》2015,(6)
为研究配种季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选用浙江某种猪有限公司2010-2013年的母猪繁殖记录,统计分析不同配种季节对大约克、长白、杜洛克和金华母猪繁殖性能的影响(总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重)。结果表明:配种季节对大约克、长白和杜洛克母猪的繁殖性能有极显著影响(P0.01),春、夏季节配种的母猪,其总产仔数极显著低于秋、冬季节配种的母猪(P0.01),夏季配种的母猪产活仔数极显著低于春、秋、冬季配种的母猪(P0.01)。冬季配种的母猪其仔猪初生窝重极显著高于春、夏、秋三季配种的母猪(P0.01)。配种季节对金华猪的繁殖性能未见明显影响(P0.05)。但秋、冬季节配种的母猪其总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重似有高于夏季配种母猪的趋势。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(12)
为了分析不同胎次、配种季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响,笔者对江西省赣州市某猪场2015年长白母猪、大白母猪的繁殖记录进行统计分析,并按胎次及配种季节进行分组,分析其在不同胎次、配种季节条件下的繁殖性能差异。结果表明:长白母猪和大白母猪3~5胎繁殖性能较好,第1胎的初生均重、断奶均重最低;长白母猪第3胎窝产活仔数最高,显著高于1,2,6,7,8胎(P0.05);大白母猪第4胎窝产活仔数最高,显著高于第1,2胎(P0.05);长白母猪夏季配种窝产仔数、窝产活仔数最高,初生均重、断奶均重春季配种最高;大白母猪不同季节配种窝产仔数差异不显著(P0.05),夏季、秋季配种产活仔数显著高于冬季(P0.05)。说明不同胎次、配种季节对长白、大白母猪繁殖性能有较大影响。 相似文献
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为优化母猪繁殖效率,探究妊娠期不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能和分娩产程的影响,本研究以广西某公司2 969头大白母猪和1 787头长白母猪为试验群体,收集2017年1月至2017年10月妊娠期3个阶段(妊娠30、80和107 d)背膘厚与分娩接产记录数据,分析背膘厚与分娩产程、总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重等性状的关系。研究结果表明,大白母猪分娩产程时间显著短于长白母猪(P<0.05),大白母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重显著优于长白母猪(P<0.05)。在妊娠30 d时,背膘厚在18～20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大;背膘厚在18～20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高。在妊娠80 d时,背膘厚≥20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大、产程最短;背膘厚在16～18 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较高、母猪产程较短。在妊娠107 d时,背膘厚在14～16 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大,但母猪产程与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);背膘厚≥20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较大。妊娠期背膘厚减少1～2 mm的大白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较小,产程较长。而背膘厚减少>2 mm的长白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较大,产程较短。上述试验结果说明,在母猪妊娠期间,合适的背膘厚可有效提高母猪繁殖性能和母猪分娩期间的福利水平。养殖场可以根据营养配方和猪群品种建立背膘数据库,通过精准饲喂将母猪背膘厚调整至最佳范围,同时合理控制妊娠期背膘变化。 相似文献
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在热带地区(海南)的炎热与凉爽两种气候条件下,分别统计研究丹系4个组长白♂×长白♀、大白♂×大白♀、大白♂×长白♀、长白♂×大白♀等和美系1个组杜洛克♂×杜洛克♀的种猪繁殖参数。分析发现5个组的窝均妊娠期、产仔总数和产活健仔数等组内同项对比差异不显著(P>0.05);长长组、长大组在炎热气候统计的初生头均重均显著高于凉爽气候统计数(P<0.05),其他组的初生头均重,组内对比差异不显著(P>0.05)。5个组对应的窝均产活健仔数分别为12.20,10.92,12.11,12.06和9.28头。研究结果表明,海南的炎热与凉爽气候变化对丹系长白母猪、丹系大白公母猪和美系杜洛克公母猪的繁殖性能无影响,但是丹系长白公猪在炎热气候条件下表现出了更优良的初生仔猪头均重性能。此外,5个选育组均表现出了良好的繁殖能力。 相似文献
9.
丹系与美丹大白、长白和杜洛克母猪的胎产活仔性能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章主要通过比较丹系和美丹系的大白、长白和杜洛克母猪的胎产活仔性状,分析不同品种的丹系和美丹系产仔性能的差异,从而为品系的培育提供参考依据。研究整理了2017年1-11月广西某种猪场丹系和美丹系的大白、长白和杜洛克的繁殖记录,共2 301窝,其中美丹系196窝,丹系2 105窝,并对胎产活仔数性状进行统计分析。结果表明:丹系大白、丹系长白和丹系杜洛克母猪的平均胎产活仔数分别为(15.37±0.76)头、(14.30±0.54)头和(7.63±1.06)头。美丹大白、美丹长白和美丹杜洛克母猪的平均胎产活仔数分别为(12.35±1.48)头、(11.66±1.33)头和(8.59±1.06)头。丹系和美丹大白母猪差异显著(P 0.05),丹系和美丹长白母猪差异极显著(P 0.01),而丹系和美丹杜洛克则差异不显著(P 0.05)。丹系大白和长白母猪的产活仔性能优于美丹大白和长白母猪,而美丹杜洛克母猪的产活仔性能则强于丹系杜洛克母猪。研究为品系的培育提供了一定参考依据。 相似文献
10.
为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。 相似文献
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H. Schwiderski S. BIottner M. Schwcrin H. AIm U. Duschinski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1991,26(3):144-147
Die Trennung von X- und Y- Spermien für die In-vitro-Fertilisation (ZVF) mit anschlieβendem Transfer der Embyonen kommt als eine relevante Methode der Ge-schlechtsbeeinflussung in Frage. Die Effektivität einer Trennmethode hängt aber nicht nur vom Anreicherungsgrad eines Spermientyps ab, sondem auch von der Erhaltung der Befruchtungsfähigkeit der behandelten Spermien. Für die Methode derPercoll-Dichtegradientenzentrifugation wurde deshalb die Befruchtungsfähigkeit der fraktionierten Spermien sowohl mit der üblichen Technik der IVF als auch mittels Mikroinjektion einzelner Spermien an in vivo gereiften Oozyten geprüft. Die Befruchtungsraten lagen nach ZVF und Mikroinjektion mit 72,0% (125 Oozyten) bzw. 78,0% (145 Oozyten) über derjenigen der Kontrolle von 62,5 % (88 Oozyten) nach ZVF kapazitierter, nicht fraktionierter Spermien. Die entsprechenden Furchungsraten betrugen 37,6% bzw. 55,8% gegenüber der Kontrolle von 36,4%. Eine signifikante Versc hiebung des Geschlechtsverhältnkses wurde jedoch erst in nachfolgenden Versuchen ohne Befruchtung erreicht, nachgewiesen mit Y-spezifischen DNA-Proben. Die unbeeinträchtigte Befruchtungsfähigkeit, besonders unter Nutzung der Mikroinjektion einzelner Spermien, eröffnet die Möglichkeit der weiteren Erhöhung der Trennschärfe der Gradien-tenzentrifugation . 相似文献
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Eduardo R. S. Roldan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):14-21
Sperm competition is a powerful selective force that has influenced many reproductive traits in males and females although additional evolutionary explanations may help to understand the diversity of mammalian reproduction. Sperm morphology varies considerably in mammals with extreme examples in several rodent lineages in which a wide range of sizes and complex head morphologies have been identified. Mammalian spermatozoa also differ in function, with swimming velocity and trajectory showing much divergence. Underlying processes mediating function have received little attention so far, but differences in timing and proportion of sperm undergoing capacitation or acrosomal exocytosis may be related to variation in signalling processes. Furthermore, energy required for sperm functions (such as motion, signalling and overall maintenance of cell integrity) can be produced and consumed, following different patterns among species and this could be the result of several selective forces. A more thorough understanding of the diversity in structure and function of sperm cells, and underlying selective forces, may help us develop better methods to assess them taking into account particulars and generalities of sperm form and performance. Such tests could then become more reliable in estimations of the impact of cryopreservation or effect of changes in the environment and their relevance for fertility. 相似文献
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Karin Müller Susanne Eder Ulrike Jakop Jürgen Schiller Peter Müller Mohammad Bashawat 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(Z2):55-60
Cryobanking of gametes in combination with artificial insemination is an essential option to support conservation programmes for endangered and threatened species. About two-thirds of the felid species are classified as ‘near threatened’, ‘vulnerable’ or ‘endangered’ ( www.cites.org ), and mostly, epididymal sperm are collected from euthanized or castrated male felids and cryopreserved. However, epididymal compared with ejaculated and cryopreserved compared with fresh sperm have a limited potential to fertilize if vaginal non-surgical insemination is applied in feline species. Missing or highly diluted seminal fluid in epididymal and cryopreserved sperm, as well as a potential interference of extender ingredients with the natural interactive properties of sperm in the female genital tract is discussed as potential drawback which hampers a proper sperm transit and fertilization besides the limited longevity of cryopreserved feline sperm. Individual components in seminal fluid as well as cryoextenders may adversely alter sperm properties and have a different impact on fertility and preservation success. The identification and investigation of beneficial as well as detrimental components is a precondition to deduce options for improving the process of cryopreservation in felids, particularly, if only epididymal sperm are available. 相似文献
17.
配子水平上对家畜性别控制的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实现对家畜性别的控制是生物学中重要的研究课题，依据畜牧业生产中不同的需要来决定不同家畜的性别在人类健康及畜牧业生产上有巨大的应用价值，实现对动物性别的控制一直是人类期望达到的目标之一。本文从配子角度出发对家畜性别决定原理机制、性别控制的生物学依据及各种性别控制方法作了简述，并着重对不同方法的理论基础、特点、实践应用价值以及这些方法存在的问题进行了综述。 相似文献
18.
Appraisal and standardization of curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut‐off values for CASA analysis of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) sperm 
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下载免费PDF全文 One of the basic steps in objective analysis of sperm motility is the subdivision of a motile sperm population into slow, medium and rapid categories based on their velocity. However, for CASA analysis of quail sperm, the velocity values for categorization of slow, medium and rapid sperm have not yet been standardized. To identify the cut‐off values of “velocity curvilinear” (VCL) for quail sperm categorization, we captured and analysed 22,300 tracks of quail sperm using SCA®‐CASA. The median and mean VCL values were 85 and 97 μm/s. To define the VCL cut‐off values, we used two methods. In the first, we identified the upper (rapid sperm) and lower (slow sperm) cut‐off values using: (i) median VCL ± 25% or ± 50% or ± 75% of median VCL value; (ii) first and third quartile values of VCL data (i.e. 25% cut‐off setting); and (iii) 33% and 66% of VCL data. Among these settings, sperm categories and their corresponding motility characteristics recorded using the “25%” setting (i.e. slow ≤36 ≤ medium ≤154 ≤ rapid) were found the most realistic and coherent with male ranking by fertility. In the second method, we calculated heteroscedasticity in the total VCL data using PCA and the two‐step clustering method. With this approach, the mean of the high and low clusters was 165 and 51 μm/s, respectively. Together, the mean from two methods suggested that, for SCA®‐CASA categorization of quail sperm, sperm should be classed as “rapid” at VCL ≥160 μm/s and “slow” at VCL ≤45 μm/s. 相似文献
19.
Effect of different mini‐volume colloid centrifugation configurations on flow cytometrically sorted sperm recovery efficiency and quality using a computer‐assisted semen analyzer 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LB Ferré JL Chitwood C Fresno HH Ortega ME Kjelland PJ Ross 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):26-33
Straws of sex‐sorted sperm are usually packaged at a low concentration (e.g., ~2.1 × 106 sperm/ml) and cost significantly more than unsorted conventional semen from the same sire. In order to maximize the efficiency of using sex‐sorted sperm under in vitro fertilization conditions, the selection of an appropriate sperm separation technique is essential. In this study, the effect of using different silane‐coated silica colloid dilutions and layering configurations during centrifugation of sex‐sorted sperm was examined over an extended period of incubation time. Sperm recovery and viability after centrifugation using the colloid separation technique were measured along with several sperm motility parameters using CASA. For this purpose, frozen and thawed sex‐sorted sperm samples were centrifuged using mini‐volume single‐layer (40%, 60% and 80%) and mini‐volume two‐layer (45%/90%, 40%/80% and 30%/60%) separation configurations using PureSperm®. A single layer of 40% PureSperm® recovered significantly more sex‐sorted sperm (78.07% ± 2.28%) followed by a single layer of 80% PureSperm® (68.43% ± 2.33%). The lowest sperm recovery was obtained using a two‐layer PureSperm® dilution of 45%/90% (47.57% ± 2.33%). Single‐layer centrifugation recovered more sorted sperm (68.67% ± 1.74%) than two layer (53.74% ± 1.74%) (p < .0001). A single layer of 80% PureSperm® exhibited the highest sorted sperm viability (72.01% ± 2.90%) after centrifugation (p < .05). The mini‐volume single layer of 80% PureSperm® was determined to be an effective alternative to a two‐layer centrifugation configuration for sex‐sorted sperm selection. In addition, single‐layer colloid dilution of 80% performed either as well as or significantly outperformed the other treatments, as well as the control, with regard to motility (MOT) for all time periods of analysis. 相似文献
20.
Reasons for performing study: A new, simpler, technique of colloidal centrifugation has recently been developed, designated single layer centrifugation (SLC). This technique requires evaluation by comparison with a density gradient for its ability to select the best quality spermatozoa and its practicality of use on studfarms. Objective: To compare the effect of 2 methods of colloidal centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and single layer centrifugation, on stallion sperm motility, yield and survival, using freshly collected extended stallion semen. Methods: Aliquots of extended stallion semen from 10 stallions (38 ejaculates) were processed by the 2 methods of colloidal centrifugation. For both uncentrifuged and centrifuged samples, sperm yield was calculated and subjective sperm motility assessed over several days to provide an estimate of sperm survival. Some stored semen samples, held at 4°C overnight, were also available for testing. Results: For fresh, extended semen, a similar recovery yield of motile spermatozoa was seen for the 2 methods of preparation for single layers and density gradients, respectively. Sperm motility and survival rate were significantly improved by colloidal centrifugation compared to unprocessed ejaculate, without any significant difference between methods (SLC vs. gradient). However, the yield was reduced by 18–20% when cold‐stored semen was used for centrifugation compared to fresh semen; and more variation between ejaculates was observed than for fresh ejaculates. Again, sperm motility and sperm survival were improved in the centrifuged sperm preparations compared to stored, unprocessed ejaculates. Potential relevance: The 2 colloid centrifugation techniques produce equivalent sperm preparations in terms of sperm quality. However, the SLC method would be more practical and convenient for use in the field. 相似文献