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1.
本试验旨在研究不同限饲方法对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及骨骼性状的影响。试验选用80只7日龄的AA肉鸡,随机分成4组:对照组、料量限饲组、能量限饲组和蛋白质限饲组,每组20只鸡。限饲14d(21日龄)、补偿生长21d(42日龄)后每组分别屠宰8只,取其胸肌、腿肌、腹脂、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、骨骼等组织并称重,以及测量骨骼的长度和直径。结果表明:1)限饲后,3个限饲组肉鸡的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均差异不显著(P0.05),但料量限饲组末重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率显著低于对照组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著低于蛋白质限饲组和对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著差异(P0.05),但料量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)限饲后,蛋白质限饲组肉鸡的肝脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组肉鸡的胰脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05);对照组脾脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的心脏指数、肝脏指数、胰脏指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重和股骨长显著低于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的股骨直径显著低于对照组和蛋白质限饲组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重、股骨长和股骨直径均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,3种限饲方法均降低了AA肉鸡的平均日增重和部分骨骼性状指标,其中料量限饲法对肉鸡平均日增重和骨骼性状影响最大。经过21d的补偿生长后,3种个限饲组均表现出补偿生长效应,骨骼性状无显著变化,但料量限饲法会降低肉鸡全期的平均日增重和末重,建议生产中慎用料量限饲法。 相似文献
2.
《水禽世界》2021,(7)
试验旨在研究不同时间、不同限饲水平对肉鸡补偿生长的影响。试验选取0日龄健康状况良好的艾维茵雏鸡330只,随机分为4个试验处理组,除对照组外,其余3个试验处理组各设三个限饲水平,每组3个重复(对照组为6个重复),每个重复10只鸡。结果表明:11～17日龄限饲最好,其最佳限饲水平为47%(R~2=0.9051);5～11、8～14日龄最佳限饲水平为14%;超过29%时,49日龄不能获得完全补偿生长(R~2=0.5913);限饲改善饲料利用率,随着限饲水平提高而提高(R~2=0.966),30%的限饲水平显著提高饲料利用率(P0.05)。结论:5～11、8～14日龄最佳限饲水平为14%;限饲可降低肉鸡总死亡率。 相似文献
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本研究旨在比较不同生长阶段隔日限饲(早期限饲:1~14日龄限饲,后期限饲:50~63日龄限饲)对肉鸡肌肉生长及相关激素水平的影响,并探讨早期限饲对肉鸡肌肉生长的程序化作用。试验结果:1)早期限饲组整个试验阶段体重均极显著低于对照组,后期限饲组限饲一周后体重显著低于对照组并于63日龄实现完全补偿生长;2)早期限饲组14日龄和63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组,且二者与早期限饲组均差异不显著;3)早期限饲显著降低了14日龄肉鸡肌肉中DNA、RNA和蛋白含量,63日龄恢复至正常水平,且核酸、蛋白水平在胸肌和腓肠肌内的趋势表现不一致;4)早期限饲组14日龄血清中T3、T4水平均显著低于对照组,63日龄血清T3水平仍显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄血清T3水平显著低于对照组,T4水平与对照组差异不显著。结果表明:1)限饲可显著阻碍肉鸡肌肉的生长;2)不同部位的肌肉对限饲的敏感度不同;3)早期营养因子对肉鸡肌肉的生长具有"程序化"作用,甲状腺激素可能参与这些过程的调节。 相似文献
5.
肉仔鸡早期限制饲养对其生产性能及屠体品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究对肉仔鸡早期进行不同方式的限制饲养探讨其对肉鸡的生产性能及屠体品质的影响。试验一用低、中、高三种营养水平日粮饲喂１—３周龄肉鸡；试验二从肉鸡的８日龄开始分别限饲，采食量１、２周（喂自由采食量的６０％）及４周（喂自由采食量的８０％）。结果表明肉仔鸡早期喂低营养水平日粮，７周龄体重虽高于对照组水平，但饲料利用率、成活率均显著下降。喂中等营养水平日粮可提高饲料利用率。肉仔鸡早期限制采食量，不能完全补偿生长，特别是限饲２周时间显著影响７周龄体重，且饲料利用率下降。肉仔鸡早期限饲未降低腹脂率 相似文献
6.
补偿性生长是指动物继营养不足甚至饥饿后,在恢复正常时表现出超越一直正常摄食个体的生长速度。补偿性生长是动物生产中经常利用的方法,但多用于经济生长周期比较长的肉牛生产。商品肉鸡利用补偿性生长原理进行生产的报道在国内外并不多见,但是肉仔鸡经历营养不足后的生长补偿已得到证实。一些学者采用对肉仔鸡前期限饲的方法来诱发其补偿性生长,发现在不影响肉鸡出栏时间、体重的前提下,限饲可能会对提高饲料利用率、降低前期快速生长带来的代谢紊乱(如各种腿病、死亡综合征等)和提高胴体品质方面有所裨益。1早期限饲的补偿性生长效应关于… 相似文献
7.
本文研究了早期长时间(1~21日龄)低强度(每日4 h)营养限制对肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近1日龄安康红肉用公母混合雏鸡600羽,随机分成2个组(对照组与试验组),每个组300羽(含3个重复,每个重复100羽)。饲养试验分3个阶段:1~21、22~42和43~63日龄。试验组1~21日龄每日10:00~14:00实施限饲(不给料),22~63日龄恢复自由采食,对照组全期自由采食。所有试验鸡在自由饮水和24 h光照条件下进行为期63 d的饲养试验。限饲结束(21日龄)和饲养试验结束(63日龄)后,每个组的每个重复选择母鸡8羽(共96羽)进行屠宰试验与取样分析。结果表明,肉鸡早期低强度(12.59%限饲量)长时间(1~21日龄)的连续限饲方案显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡生长速度;22~63日龄恢复自由采食后获得了明显的补偿生长,饲料转化率各阶段差异均不明显(P>0.05)。早期限饲明显改变了21、63日龄肉鸡的胴体组成和肉质,显著提高上市肉鸡(63日龄)腿肌重而不影响胸肌重,提高胸肌蛋白含量而降低脂肪含量,同时明显增加了腹脂沉积量。上述结果提示,早期营养限制对肉鸡具有代谢程序化和营养重分配的作用,能显著改变肉鸡的胴体品质。 相似文献
8.
<正>在欧洲肉鸡养殖业,限饲受到了越来越多的关注。粗日粮结构可降低饲料生产成本,有效提高饲料利用率。稍微限饲就可以提高饲料效率,这已经被证实是由于生长曲线改变而引起的。虽然在某一特定条件下某些肉鸡会发生饲料过度消耗的情况,但家禽具有在肌胃中储存大量食物的能力,使得能否通过限饲解决这个问题变得不确定。然而,粗饲结构可以通过肌胃的作用来降低饲料过度消耗的问题。 相似文献
9.
本试验研究肉仔鸡生长早期(2～3周龄)不同代谢能、蛋白质限饲水平对生产性能和胴体品质影响.结果表明(1)早期低代谢能和低蛋白的限饲处理均可明显降低肉仔鸡生长速度(P<0.05),并在恢复阶段表现出完全补偿生长.(2)早期不同代谢能、蛋白限饲水平对饲料转化率没有影响(P>0.05).(3)早期不同代谢能、蛋白限饲水平均有提高胴体产量、胸肉和腿肉比例的趋势(P>0.05).(4)早期低代谢能限饲明显降低42日龄腹脂重(P<0.05),低蛋白质限饲增加腹脂重(P>0.05). 相似文献
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Compensatory growth following metabolizable protein or energy restrictions in beef steers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J S Drouillard C L Ferrell T J Klopfenstein R A Britton 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(2):811-818
One hundred sixty crossbred steers were used to compare the effects of metabolizable protein and energy restrictions on subsequent compensatory growth. Diets were formulated to impose severe or mild growth restrictions for periods of 77 to 154 d. Steers were realimented on a high-concentrate diet and fed to achieve approximately 1 cm s.c. fat thickness. Finishing performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated relative to unrestricted control animals. All restricted animals, with the exception of those on the mild, brief energy restriction, exhibited compensatory growth relative to controls. A single direct comparison of energy and protein restriction treatments indicated that finishing performance during realimentation was similar for these two groups. Evaluation of the relative effects of protein and energy restriction by multiple linear regression indicated that compensatory growth was influenced by differences in duration or severity of nutrient deprivation to a greater extent for energy-restricted than for protein-restricted steers. Linear contrasts and regression estimates indicated that compensatory growth was influenced more by differences in severity of restriction than by duration of the restriction period. 相似文献
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Tomoaki ONODA Ryuta YAMAMOTO Kyohei SAWAMURA Harutaka MURASE Yasuo NAMBO Yoshinobu INOUE Akira MATSUI Takeshi MIYAKE Nobuhiro HIRAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(4):63-69
Percentile growth curves are often used as a clinical indicator to evaluate variations of
children’s growth status. In this study, we propose empirical percentile growth curves
using Z-scores adapted for Japanese Thoroughbred horses, with considerations of the
seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding
animals. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese Thoroughbreds
adjusting for compensatory growth. Individual horses and residual effects were included as
random effects in the growth curve equation model and their variance components were
estimated. Based on the Z-scores of the estimated variance components, empirical
percentile growth curves were constructed. A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age
measurements of male and female Thoroughbreds, respectively, and 3,770 withers height and
age measurements were used in the analyses. The developed empirical percentile growth
curves using Z-scores are computationally feasible and useful for monitoring individual
growth parameters of body weight and withers height of young Thoroughbred horses,
especially during compensatory growth periods. 相似文献
14.
Chamali DAS Bimol Chandra ROY Ichiro OSHIMA Hideyuki MIYACHI Shotaro NISHIMURA Hisao IWAMOTO Shoji TABATA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):252-263
Varying chicken growth rates were induced with different nutritional regimes, and the collagen content and architecture of M. pectoralis (PT) were compared among 21‐day‐old chicks and broilers at 80 or 95 days of age. The percentage of muscle weight to live weight was higher in rapid growing chicks (8.4%) than slow growing chicks (6.3%). The 80‐day‐old broilers engaged in compensatory growth after the early slow growth period producing PT muscle at 11% of live weight. The 80‐ and 95‐day‐old chicks with restricted late growth after an early rapid growth period showed PT weight at 8% and 9% of live weight, respectively. Collagen content of the PT muscle markedly decreased from the chicks to the broilers. The collagen concentration was higher in the late‐growth restricted broilers (1.67–1.88 mg/g) than the compensatory growth broilers (1.01–1.10 mg/g). Collagen concentration did not differ between the rapid and slow growing chicks (2.72 and 2.94 mg/g). Scanning electron micrographs showed thick and thin perimysia, and honeycomb endomysia. In the perimysia, a stack layer of collagen platelets and a reticular layer of collagen fiber cords were distinguished and collagen baskets of adipocytes were observed. The perimysial collagen fibers became thicker during growth of the chicks to broilers. However, in the late‐growth restricted broilers, the perimysial collagen fibers seemed to have retarded development compared with the compensatory growth birds. The PT muscle of chickens develops optimally when body growth is enhanced. The PT muscle of the compensatory growth broilers had improved collagen architecture regardless of the marked decrease in collagen content. 相似文献
15.
Tomoaki ONODA Ryuta YAMAMOTO Kyohei SAWAMURA Yoshinobu INOUE Akira MATSUI Takeshi MIYAKE Nobuhiro HIRAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2011,22(2):37-42
Thoroughbred horses are seasonal mating animals, raised in northern regions or countries.
Foals born yearly in spring generally show a typical seasonal compensatory growth pattern,
in which their growth rate declines in the first winter and increases in the next spring.
In this study, a new empirical adjustment approach is proposed to adjust for this
compensatory growth when growth curve equations are estimated, by using 1,633 male body
weights of Thoroughbreds as an illustrating example. Based on general Richards growth
curve equation, a new growth curve equation was developed and fit to the weight-age data.
The new growth curve equation had a sigmoid sub-function that can adjust the compensatory
growth, combined with the Richards biological parameter responsible for the maturity of
animals. The unknown parameters included in the equations were estimated by SAS NLMIXED
procedure. The goodness of fit was examined by using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC).
The AIC values decreased from 13,053 (general Richards equation) to 12,794 (the newly
developed equation), indicating the better fit of the new equation to the weight-age data.
The shape of the growth curve was improved during the period of compensatory growth. The
proposed method is one of the useful approaches for adjusting seasonal compensatory growth
in growth curve estimations for Thoroughbreds, and for their management during the
compensatory period. Based on this approach, the optimal growth curve equations can be
estimated also for female body weight of Thoroughbreds or other growth traits affected by
seasonal compensatory growth. 相似文献
16.
Fan Liu Casie J Braden Robert J Smits Jessica R Craig David J Henman Chris J Brewster Rebecca S Morrison Rebecca Z Athorn Brian J Leury Weicheng Zhao Jeremy J Cottrell Frank R Dunshea Alan W Bell 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(9)
Sows mated in summer produce a greater proportion of born-light piglets (<1.1 kg) which contributes to increased carcass fatness in the progeny population. The reasons for the low birth weight of these piglets remain unclear, and there have been few successful mitigation strategies identified. We hypothesized that: 1) the low birth weight of progeny born to sows mated in summer may be associated with weight loss during the previous summer lactation; and 2) increasing early gestation feed allowance for the sows with high lactational weight loss in summer can help weight recovery and improve progeny birth weight. Sows were classified as having either low (av. 1%) or high (av. 7%) lactational weight loss in their summer lactation. All the sows with low lactational weight loss (LLStd) and half of the sows with high lactational weight loss received a standard gestation feeding regime (HLStd) (2.6 kg/d; day 0–30 gestation), whereas the rest of the sows with high lactational weight loss received a compensatory feed allowance (HLComp) (3.5 kg/d; day 0–30 gestation). A comparison of LLStd (n = 75) versus HLStd sows (n = 78) showed that this magnitude of weight loss over summer lactation did not affect the average piglet or litter birth weight, but such results may be influenced by the higher litter size (P = 0.030) observed in LLStd sows. A comparison of HLStd versus HLComp (n = 81) sows showed that the compensatory feeding increased (P = 0.021) weight gain of gestating sows by 6 kg, increased (P = 0.009) average piglet birth weight by 0.12 kg, tended to reduce (P = 0.054) the percentage of born-light piglets from 23.5% to 17.1% but reduced the litter size by 1.4 (P = 0.014). A subgroup of progeny stratified as born-light (0.8–1.1 kg) or -normal (1.3–1.7 kg) from each sow treatment were monitored for growth performance from weaning until 100 kg weight. The growth performance and carcass backfat of progeny were not affected by sow treatments. Born-light progeny had lower feed intake, lower growth rate, higher G:F, and higher carcass backfat than born-normal progeny (all P < 0.05). In summary, compensatory feeding from day 0 to 30 gestation in the sows with high weight loss during summer lactation reduced the percentage of born-light progeny at the cost of a lower litter size, which should improve growth rate and carcass leanness in the progeny population born to sows with high lactational weight loss. 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在研究能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响,选用72只15日龄三黄母鸡,随机分为3个组:自由采食组(对照组)、15%能量限制组(试验1组)和30%能量限制组(试验2组),限饲15 d(30日龄)、补偿生长14 d(44日龄)和35 d(65日龄)后分别屠宰,取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测量其肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明:1)限饲降低三黄鸡平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。补偿生长后,试验组与对照组组间的末重、平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著(P0.05)。2)限饲增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。补偿生长后,十二指肠肠壁厚度变薄(P0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度增加(P0.05)。本试验表明,能量限制显著降低三黄鸡限饲期生长性能,补偿生长35 d后表现出完全补偿生长效应;能量限制在一定程度上改善了三黄鸡的小肠肠道形态结构,增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。 相似文献
18.
1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of compensatory growth, induced by early quantitative food restrictions, on the efficiency of nitrogen-retention in two lines of Ross broilers. 2 . Birds were restricted to 80% of the ad libitum intake of the previous 24 h of the control group from d 4 to d 7. After the period of restrictions all birds were fed ad libitum . 3 . In both trials, the final body weight of the restricted Ross 208(308) birds was similar or even higher than that of the control group. For the Ross 508 line, compensatory growth was substantial in the first trial, but non-existent in the second trial. In all cases, the mortality of restricted birds was lower than in control birds. 4. Not only environmental factors, but mainly chick quality, seemed to have a major influence on the capacity of the chickens to establish compensatory growth. 5. As compensatory growth was established, some improvement in N retention was induced. Although differences were not significant, they may be environmentally important. 6. It is concluded that a retardation of the early growth of fast growing broiler chickens can, in certain circumstances, reduce mortality and increase performance and N retention. 相似文献