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1.
本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%(D1)、6%(D2)、9%(D3)、12%(D4)、15%(D5)龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异(P0.05);D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高(P0.05),D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降(P0.05);D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高(P0.05),而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%（D1）、6%（D2）、9%（D3）、12%（D4）、15%（D5）龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异（P<0.05）;D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）,D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降（P<0.05）;D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高（P<0.05）,而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。 相似文献
3.
《动物营养学报》2016,(6)
本试验旨在研究中性植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙对异育银鲫生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及磷利用率的影响。试验分为7组,分别为D1组(正对照组,饲料中添加1.5%磷酸二氢钙)、D2组(负对照1组,饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙)、D3组(饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙+400 U/kg中性植酸酶)、D4组(饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙+800 U/kg中性植酸酶)、D5组(负对照2组,饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙)、D6组(饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙+400 U/kg中性植酸酶)和D7组(饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙+800 U/kg中性植酸酶),每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼[初始均重(23.39±0.10)g],开展为期8周的生长试验。结果表明:异育银鲫摄食试验饲料8周后,D5组的生长性能最差,其增重率、特定生长率、摄食量均显著低于其余各组(P0.05),饲料系数则显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。D2和D6组的增重率和特定生长率显著低于D1组(P0.05),而饲料系数则显著高于D1组(P0.05)。D3、D4和D7组的各项生长性能指标与D1组均没有显著差异(P0.05)。异育银鲫的全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分和磷含量以及血清胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性在各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。除D5组外,其余各组间血清中磷和甘油三酯含量无显著差异(P0.05)。在相同的磷酸二氢钙添加量下,添加中性植酸酶组磷沉积率和磷表观消化率显著高于未添加中性植酸酶组(P0.05),而磷排放量则相反。由此可知,饲料中添加400和800 U/kg中性植酸酶可以分别减少0.5%和1.0%的磷酸二氢钙添加量而不影响异育银鲫的生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标等。在异育银鲫饲料中,中性植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙可以提高饲料磷利用率、降低磷排放量,从而带来经济效益和生态效益。 相似文献
4.
酵母水解物对异育银鲫生长和免疫性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为考察酵母水解物在异育银鲫饲料中作为蛋白源替代鱼粉蛋白的可行性,采用不同比例的酵母水解物配合豆粕替代异育银鲫饲料中部分鱼粉,进行56 d的室外养殖试验,试验分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾异育银鲫。试验分析了各试验组异育银鲫的生长性能和血液免疫指标,结果表明,饲料中添加1.0%的酵母水解物(替代鱼粉比例达33.33%)时,较对照组异育银鲫的增重率提高了8.16%,但是无显著性差异(P0.05),而白细胞吞噬百分比(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)则较对照组显著提高了24.78%和9.43%(P0.05),提高了机体免疫力。由此可见,酵母水解物可作为一种蛋白原料,配合豆粕部分替代异育银鲫饲料中的鱼粉,不会对异育银鲫的生长造成影响。 相似文献
5.
《中国饲料》2020,(19)
为评估龙须菜藻粉作为饲料原料替代翘嘴红鲌饲料中鱼粉的可行性,及非淀粉多糖酶对摄食龙须菜饲料的翘嘴红鲌的影响,本研究以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组,以质量分数为2.5%(D1),5%(D2),7.5%(D3),10%(D4)的龙须菜分别替代鱼粉及10%龙须菜饲料中添加0.2%非淀粉多糖酶(D5)为试验组。试验选取规格一致的翘嘴红鲌幼鱼[初重(13.2±0.2)g],每组3个重复,每个重复30尾幼鱼,试验持续8周。结果表明:(1)生长和消化方面,与对照组相比,D3组增重率和脏体比分别下降13.07%和11.19%(P 0.05),D4组增重率、脏体比、全鱼粗脂肪含量、干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别下降14.07%、11.72%、10.4%、4.01%和3.79%(P 0.05)。D3组和D4组翘嘴红鲌前肠脂肪酶活性分别下降19.18%和19.88%(P 0.05),D4组前肠碱性磷酸酶活性下降29.03%(P 0.05)。(2)血液生化指标方面,D1组翘嘴红鲌血清总蛋白含量上升15.18%(P 0.05),D2、D3和D4组血清甘油三酯含量分别下降20.79%、19.37%和27.06%(P 0.05)。D3组和D4组血清胆固醇含量分别下降24.11%和33.69%(P 0.05)。(3)D5组与D4组相比,摄食率和存活率分别提高9.85%和7.31%(P 0.05),饲料干物质表观消化率和前肠碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高4.19%和29.54%(P 0.05)。综上所述,龙须菜替代比例不超过5%对翘嘴红鲌生长性能无负面影响,替代比例超过7.5%会抑制翘嘴红鲌前肠消化相关酶的活性,影响鱼体脂肪代谢和生长性能。在饲料中添加0.2%非淀粉多糖酶,可使饲料中龙须菜的添加量达10%而不影响翘嘴红鲌的生长性能。 相似文献
6.
7.
《中国饲料》2017,(17)
为研究水解羽毛粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibeilo)生长及体组成的影响,试验用0%、1.5%、3%、4.5%和4.5%羽毛粉替代相应鱼粉蛋白,配制成5种等氮等能饲料,第5种饲料中添加0.2%赖氨酸和0.1%蛋氨酸。每种饲料投喂3个水族箱[试验鱼20尾,初始体重(7.57±0.11)g]。试验期47 d。结果显示:随水解羽毛粉水平升高,异育银鲫增重率、特定生长率和饲料转化率均呈下降趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。1.5%水解羽毛粉替代组增重率和特定生长率最高。然而,水解羽毛粉显著影响了异育银鲫的蛋白质效率,用4.5%水解羽毛粉替代鱼粉时,蛋白质效率与对照组相比显著降低(从2.15降低到1.90)。水解羽毛粉替代鱼粉对鱼体水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸对其生长指标有一定改善作用。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中进口鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、全鱼营养成分组成、血液部分生理生化指标的影响,本试验共设4组利用不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的试验饲料(分别记为:0%(D1组)、3%(D2组)、6%(D3组)、9%(D4组),每组饲料设3个重复组,每个重复放养初始体重约为(12.43±0.16)g/尾的大口黑鲈(LargemouthBass)30尾,在室内循环水养殖系统中饲养8周。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均显著提高,SGR分别提高14.0%、15.8%、20.5%,PER分别提高9.1%、16.8%、27.3%,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05),其中以9%南极磷虾粉替代组效果最佳;(2)各试验组全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),南极磷虾粉替代组的粗脂肪含量均高于对照组,其中6%南极磷虾粉替代组较对照组提高13.8%(P<0.05);(3)南极磷虾粉等量替代组试验鱼血液中的白细胞数目(WBC)较对照组分别提高66.1%、61.1%、56.5%(P<0.05),而红细胞数目(PBC)较对照组分别提高25.2%、25.2%、20.7%(P<0.05),而红血蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)各替代组试验鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组分别较对照组提高45.0%、36.4%(P<0.05),各替代组试验鱼血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组血清中丙二醛含量与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);(5)各替代组血清中甘油三酯(TG)的含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇(TC)的含量随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组较对照组提高21.5%(P<0.05),各组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,南极磷虾粉是大口黑鲈配合饲料中的优质蛋白源,适当替代鱼粉可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能,抗氧化功能以及免疫功能,本试验中以6%、9%南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的效果最佳。 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究高植物蛋白质饲料中添加丁酸钠对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及肝脏抗氧化功能的影响,探索提高水产饲料中植物蛋白质替代鱼粉比例的可行性方法。以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、谷朊粉、花生粕和啤酒酵母为蛋白质源,鱼油、椰子油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,小麦粉为糖源,配制5种等氮等能的试验饲料。其中,以含60%鱼粉的基础饲料为阳性对照组(FM组),以复合植物蛋白质源替代基础饲料中50%鱼粉的替代饲料为阴性对照组(CON组),以在替代饲料中分别添加0.15%(D1组)、0.30%(D2组)和0.60%(D3组)丁酸钠的饲料为试验组。用上述5种试验饲料分别饲喂初始体重为(13.00±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼58d,试验在室内养殖系统中进行,每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明:1)随着丁酸钠添加水平的增加,大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中FM、D1和D2组增重率、饲料效率和特定生长率显著高于CON组(P0.05),而各组间摄食率无显著差异(P0.05);除D2组脏体比与FM组无显著差异(P0.05)外,其他各组的脏体比均显著低于FM组(P0.05);各组全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05)。2)D1组干物质表观消化率显著高于CON组(P0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P0.05);D1组蛋白质表观消化率显著高于CON、D2和D3组(P0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P0.05);D2和D3组之间干物质和蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。3)D2组肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于CON组(P0.05),肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于CON组(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,高植物蛋白质饲料中添加0.15%的丁酸钠能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和肝脏抗氧化功能,过量添加丁酸钠会降低大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能。 相似文献
10.
蚯蚓粉、大蒜素、甜菜碱对异育银鲫生长性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在比较蚯蚓粉、大蒜素、甜菜碱三种促摄食物质对异育银鲫生长性能的影响。选取288尾异育银鲫[体质量为(15.95±0.19)g],随机分为6组,即Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组(1.25%蚯蚓粉)、Ⅲ组(2.5%蚯蚓粉)、Ⅳ组(5%蚯蚓粉)、Ⅴ组(0.015%大蒜素)、Ⅵ组(0.5%甜菜碱),每组3个重复,每个重复16尾鱼,饲养于玻璃钢水族箱中,试验期53 d。结果表明:第Ⅵ组增重最快,且显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅳ组(P<0.05),与第Ⅴ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3个蚯蚓粉组与对照组比较,第Ⅳ组增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他2组与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组鱼的摄食量存在差异,大蒜素组摄食量最少,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。添加5%蚯蚓粉的Ⅳ组摄食效果明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。在饲料系数方面,Ⅵ组的饲料系数最低,且显著低于蚯蚓粉组(P<0.05),与Ⅴ组和Ⅰ组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅳ组的饲料系数最高,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。甜菜碱能显著提高异育银鲫的生长性能;蚯蚓粉能增加异育银鲫的摄食量,建议在异育银鲫饲料中的添加量为2%～3%。 相似文献
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Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献
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Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size. 相似文献
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In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum. 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(18):54-58
应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。 相似文献
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K Reifenberg M Stahl U L?sch 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(3):191-198
A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(2):295-306
The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers. 相似文献
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《The Journal of small animal practice》1975,16(1-12):143-154
Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds. 相似文献