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奶牛乳腺炎是世界奶牛养殖业中发病率最高、流行最快、造成损失最大的疾病之一，引起奶牛乳腺炎的原因很复杂，但主要是病原菌的感染，能引起乳房炎的病原微生物有100多种，但金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和大肠杆菌是最主要的致病菌。 相似文献
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奶牛临床型乳房炎是由病原微生物经乳头进入乳房组织引发的一种疾病.其病原主要有无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、乳房链球菌、化脓性棒状杆菌、病毒、真菌、霉形体等.临床型乳房炎主要表现为红、肿、热、痛、产奶量降低或无乳,乳汁中有絮片、凝块、颜色呈现黄色或红色,乳房触摸硬或有硬块. 相似文献
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<正>奶牛乳房炎是由病原微生物引起的奶牛乳房炎症,分为临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎,是严重危害奶牛养殖业的主要疾病之一。全球约有三分之一的奶牛患有各种类型的乳房炎[1],我国奶牛隐性乳房炎的阳性率也在46.4%~85.7%之间[2],这严重阻碍了奶牛养殖业和乳品业的发展,也给食品安全带来隐患。目前,国外报道导致乳房炎的病原微生物主要有细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体等[3];而在我国华北、东北等地区导致奶牛乳房炎的病原体主要有无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、霉形体、 相似文献
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采集具有临床型乳腺炎奶牛的奶样,经细菌的分离培养、纯培养和生化试验,以确定奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类。结果发现患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的致病菌和占分离菌株的百分率为:腐生葡萄球菌19.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌16.5%、兽疫链球菌17.3%、停乳链球菌9.4%、乳房链球菌3.9%、无乳链球菌1.6%、产气肠杆菌17.3%、聚团肠杆菌4.7%、奇异变形杆菌3.0%、大肠杆菌3.0%、蜡样芽胞杆菌3.0%,样品中单纯感染与混合感染的百分率分别为66.0%和27.8%。 相似文献
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Marsalková S Cízek M Vasil' M Bomba A Nad' P Datelinka I Jonecová Z Rimková S Kalinácová V Styriak I Bugarský A Gréserová G 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(3-4):145-147
Two strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus T-135 and Lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. Both strains inhibited the tested pathogenic microbes and survived on the investigated surfaces and in an emulsion for more than 6 hours and 11 days, respectively. 相似文献
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The association of common bacterial pathogens in milk samples during calving with udder shape or the presence of 'teat-end' lesions was investigated in 240 dairy cows from two herds. Sixty-three of 120 cows (53%) in one herd (herd A) and 54/120 animals (45%) in a second herd (herd B) had normal-shaped udders. The remaining animals had udder shapes defined as follows: large pendulous (18% herd A, 26% herd B); large between hindquarter (10% herd A, 17% herd B); overall small (8% herd A, 5% herd B); or small but pendulous (11% herd A, 7% herd B). At calving teat-end lesions were present in 63% and 76% of the quarters of herd A and B animals, respectively. There was no herd effect on udder shape or teat-end lesions. Analysis of variance revealed that udder shape and teat-end lesions did not have a significant association with quarter somatic cell count. However there was some association between mammary infection and udder shape and teat-end lesions. Compared to other udder shapes, cows with large between hindquarter shape had significantly less Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis infection (P<0.001). There was a similar albeit less significant negative association with Escherichia coli infection (P<0.01). Infection with Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was more frequent in cows with large pendulous and overall small udder conformations. The results also suggest an association between intra-mammary infection at calving and the presence of hyperkeratotic teat-end lesions, given that S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. uberis, S. agalactiae and E. coli were cultured from significantly more quarters with such lesions than from quarters without lesions or with other types of lesion (P<0.001). 相似文献
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H Hauke 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1979,33(5):665-673
Isolated acholeplasma laidlawii strains exhibited highly differentiated behaviours regarding their udder pathogenicity. Twelve of 16 tested strains were pathogenic to udder. Symptoms of acute udder inflammation were caused by all ten A. laidlawii strains isolated from differentiated material of calf, but by only two of six strains isolated from differentiated material of cattle. Intracisternal instillation of both strains from milk and one strain each from udder skin or cervical mucus caused merely temporary disorders of secretion. Ultrasonic extracts of A. laidlawii strains, some of them additionally heated, were intracisternally applied, as well. Udder irritation was caused only by those acholeplasma strains which were udder-patha was assumed to be attributable to a toxin of the polysaccharide type. Pathogenicity to udder was recorded also from one M. alkalescens strain isolated from a nose swab taken of cattle as well as from two A. granularum strains isolated from calf lungs. 相似文献
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克炎晶对奶牛乳房炎的治疗试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用克炎晶采用不同给药途径、不同剂量、不同疗程,对24例临床型乳房炎患牛和8例隐性乳房炎患牛进行了分组治疗试验。结果表明,每千克体重使用克炎晶0.5～1.0mg1～2次就能有效杀灭隐性乳房炎致病菌;对于临床型乳房炎,每千克体重0.5～1.0mg剂量总有效率为60%(9/15),而1.5mg总有效率为88.9%(8/9)。乳区基部注射总有效率为77.8%(7/9);乳池内注入总有效率为88.9%(8/9);肌肉注射总有效率为33.3%(2/6)。因此,临床治疗时应选择每千克体重1.5mg作为用药剂量,乳房基部注射和乳池内注入作为用药方法,疗程为3～5d。 相似文献
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山西猪链球菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪链球菌是一种常见的病原菌,能引起动物和人类发生猪链球菌病,本实验通过在山西灵石某猪场发病猪群中取样,分离病原菌,并且对病原菌进行培养、镜检、生化鉴定以及PCR的技术扩增其gdh和16srRNA的序列,然后进行药敏实验。鉴定出分离菌能够在鲜血平板上形成溶血环、革兰氏染色阳性、43种生化试验结果以及扩增出特异性条带,表明分离到的病原菌为猪链球菌。药敏实验结果可见其对强力霉素等药物敏感,而对头孢曲松和磷霉素完全耐药。为山西地区猪链球菌的防治提供参考。 相似文献
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Inflammations of the udder influence the amount of somatic cells and lactose as well as electrical conductivity in milk. They are often caused by bacterial agents. Similar reactions are to be seen in relation to C-reactive protein (CRP). The amount of CRP in milk depends on concentration and characteristics of the agents and the phase of inflammation. We found a significant increase of CRP in milk samples with Streptococcus (Sc.) uberis. There was no significant difference in CRP concentrations in samples with coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. (CPS) and bacteriological negative samples and such with Corynebacterium (C.) bovis, Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis. We only found high correlations to the amount of somatic sells and lactose as well as electrical conductivity in samples with Sc. uberis. The results of our investigations show that CRP may be a parameter for better understanding subclinical inflammations of udder. 相似文献
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The milk excretion of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) from the udder quarters was examined in thirty cows of a heavily infected herd. Six samplings were performed in ten- to fourteen-day intervals. With respect to excretion rate, the set of cows could be divided into three groups: 1. group of cows excreting S. agalactiae from all udder quarters permanently and absolutely regularly; 2. cows excreting S. agalactiae regularly only from some quarters, certain quarter being negative at all samplings; 3. cows excreting streptococci from all quarters absolutely irregularly, without any conclusive order or dependence. The cytological picture of all samples exhibited no signs of inflammation. The discussion deals with some factors that may influence the excretion of streptococci with milk. 相似文献
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Udder infections in dairy cows are observed at udder quarter level. Therefore, the best strategy to study infection dynamics of particular bacteria causing mastitis is to follow up and model individual udder quarter infection times. Udder quarter infection times, however, are not independent as they are clustered within a cow and herds. Another challenge in modelling infection times is that the exact infection time is unknown; it is only known that the infection has taken place in the interval between the last negative and the first positive sample. We applied a technique based on the gamma frailty model which handles the clustering and interval censoring simultaneously. Parameter estimates can be obtained analytically and their variance is obtained by the inverse of the hessian matrix. The proposed technique was applied to udder quarter infection times for Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. Multiparous cows were more likely to get infected earlier in lactation with C. bovis or S. uberis than primiparous cows. The times to infection of all three bacteria were highly clustered at cow level and the results of a stratified model on a subset of herds suggested a high clustering on herd level for C. bovis and S. uberis. 相似文献