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1.
为提高磷素利用率,从花生根际土壤样品中筛选到一株溶磷能力强的菌株B1-A,结合菌落形态特征和ITS rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。菌株B1-A的不同接种量(1%,3%,5%)在两种难溶性磷酸盐(FePO4,AlPO4)培养液的溶磷量和pH随时间动态变化表明溶磷量均与pH呈显著负相关,B1-A的溶磷量与接种量、培养时间、磷矿粉浓度有关,实验结果表明菌株B1-A在接种量为3%～5%、培养时间168 h、云南磷矿粉浓度为3 g L-1、江西磷矿粉浓度为5 g L-1时溶磷效果较好。菌株B1-A对磷酸三钙、磷酸铝、磷酸铁、磷矿粉有较强的溶解能力,最高溶磷量分别为418.7、942.3、242.2、177.4 mg L-1,有望为开发高效红壤微生物磷肥提供种质资源。  相似文献   

2.
为缓解不溶性磷酸盐累积造成的盐碱土壤板结问题,从江苏滨海盐碱土壤中筛选到一株具有较强溶磷能力的真菌菌株SM-1,并初步鉴定为Apophysomyces sp.,同时考察了木醋液对该菌生长及溶磷效果的影响。结果表明,木醋液的添加能够显著影响菌株SM-1的生长,添加量为0.1%的木醋液是其最适宜的生长浓度。菌株SM-1对不同磷源有着不同的分解能力,其中对磷酸三钙的分解能力最佳,培养基中水溶磷含量由93 mg·L~(-1)提高到246.9 mg·L~(-1)。木醋液对供试磷源没有分解效果,但添加木醋液则能够显著提高菌株对磷矿粉的分解能力,培养基中水溶磷含量由79 mg·L~(-1)提高到115.3 mg·L~(-1),而对磷酸三钙的分解能力与单独接入菌株SM-1的效果相当。这预示着菌株SM-1与木醋液混合使用在改善盐碱化土壤肥力方面具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
一株土生克雷伯氏杆菌(k.pneumoniae)溶磷能力的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文采用固、液体无机磷培养基研究了一株从土壤中分离得到的土生克雷伯氏杆菌102菌株,在室内纯培养条件下的溶磷能力。平板透明圈试验结果表明:菌落与菌落+透明圈直径之比为2.4~4.0;液体纯培养条件下,在无可溶性磷存在时其溶解磷矿粉的量高达72.83mg P L-1,在含有10mg P L-1、20mg P L-1磷酸二氢钾时102菌溶解磷矿粉的量分别为61.92、66.36mg P L-1;高效液相色谱测定102菌发酵液中主要含有乙酸、乳酸等有机酸。  相似文献   

4.
从武汉市黄陂区长期种植的蔬菜大棚作物根际分离筛选出多株解磷细菌,经过多次筛选纯化获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌P1。根据生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株P1为根瘤菌属(Ensifer)。研究了不同发酵条件对P1菌株解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株P1的最佳培养条件为发酵时间7 d、初始pH值8、接种量2%,在该条件下菌株P1溶解磷酸三钙的量为443.11 mg/L。试验还发现菌株P1的溶磷量与培养液的pH值呈极显著负相关性。  相似文献   

5.
为研究溶磷真菌菌群对土壤磷素有效性的影响,首先在室内对3株不同种类溶磷真菌(1株属于被孢霉属Z1,1株为青霉属Z2,1株为黑曲霉Z3)的组合效应进行了研究,确定了最佳的菌株组合Z1+Z2+Z3,试验选用Z1、Z2、Z3组成菌群作为试验菌株;然后通过盆栽油菜试验研究溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷(磷酸三钙和磷矿粉)对土壤磷素有效性的影响。结果表明:溶磷真菌处理土壤有效磷、有机质、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶含量和油菜产量分别比基质处理显著增加了60.00%,20.21%,56.45%,53.81%,14.38%,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷上述各指标都高于单施溶磷真菌处理;单施溶磷真菌对土壤最大吸磷量的影响与基质无差异,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷可以显著降低土壤最大吸磷量,溶磷真菌+磷酸三钙和溶磷真菌+磷矿粉处理土壤最大吸磷量比溶磷真菌处理显著减少158.7,47.6 mg/kg,溶磷真菌各处理土壤吸附常数都低于对应的基质处理,溶磷真菌可以降低土壤对磷的吸附。在土壤上溶磷真菌应与难溶态磷配合施用,对提高土壤磷素有效性有积极的作用。  相似文献   

6.
试验研究了不同溶磷细菌的组合效应,筛选出最佳组合,并通过单因子试验和正交试验对最佳组合菌株的培养条件进行了优化。结果表明:溶磷细菌最佳组合为拉恩式菌(W2)+假单胞菌1(W3)+假单胞菌2(W4);W2+W3+W4以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源培养液有效磷含量最大,为609.1 mg/L,比空白增加了18.4倍;正交试验表明W2+W3+W4的最适培养条件为葡萄糖15 g/L,硫酸铵为0.67 g/L,培养液初始p H值7,接菌量1%,经过进一步实验,W2+W3+W4在优化后培养条件下对磷酸三钙的溶解能力为664.29 mg/L,比在普通发酵培养液中的溶磷量显著增加55.19 mg/L(P0.05),为增强溶磷微生物在土壤中的竞争能力和溶磷能力提供理论基础。  相似文献   

7.
三种溶磷真菌对不同磷源溶解效果的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
报道了溶磷菌株P39(Aspergilusspp.)和P66、P2.3(Penicilliumspp.)在液体培养条件下对5种难溶性磷源的溶解效果。试验结果表明,3种溶磷菌株在所有磷源培养基中生长良好,但它们之间的溶磷量相差很大,菌株P39对不同磷源的溶磷效果为磷酸铁>磷酸铝>磷酸钙>宜昌磷矿粉>摩洛哥磷矿粉,其溶磷率分别达到96.60%、84.00%、66.05%、61.43%和41.52%;P66菌株对不同磷源的溶磷效果为磷酸铝>磷酸钙>摩洛哥磷矿粉>宜昌磷矿粉>磷酸铁,溶磷率分别为78.18%、58.45%、41.09%、33.00%和14.27%;而菌株P2.3对不同磷源的溶磷效果要小于菌株P39和P66,研究结果表明P2.3菌株对磷酸铁不具有溶磷活性,对其它4种不同磷源的溶磷效果为磷酸钙>磷酸铝>摩洛哥磷矿粉>宜昌磷矿粉。对不同菌株培养滤液可滴定酸含量和pH测定结果发现,菌株P39的培养滤液可滴定酸含量与pH值之间存在直线相关,菌株P66和P2.3处理的二者相关性不显著,表明不同的溶磷菌株在不同磷源条件下,可能从有机酸组成和含量两方面发生了变化而影响对难溶性磷的溶解。  相似文献   

8.
  【目的】  磷在土壤中易于固定,且向有效态的转化能力弱。研究两株高效溶磷菌活化土壤中的磷素的能力,为提高红壤供磷能力提供指导。  【方法】  以溶磷菌株伯克霍尔德菌 (Burkholderia) XQP35 (P35)、拉乌尔菌 (Raoultella) SQP80 (P80) 为研究对象,以磷酸铝、磷酸铁、植酸钙和卵磷脂替代液体NBRIP培养基中的磷酸钙作为磷源处理,测定两个菌株对不同磷源的溶解能力。将液体NBRIP培养基的pH分别调至4、5、6、7和8,再接种菌株并培养24、48、72、96、120、144 h,测定液体培养基中的溶磷量。以玉米为试材进行盆栽试验,设定不接种菌剂 (CK) 和接种P35、P80、商品化菌剂 (EM) 4个处理。在玉米生长20、40、60、80、100天后,取样分析玉米生长、土壤有效磷含量,并分析了第100天时的土壤中性和酸性磷酸酶活性,以及土壤中不同形态磷的含量。  【结果】  1) 菌株P35、P80对难溶性磷酸钙和植酸钙均有较强的溶解能力,对磷酸铁、磷酸铝和卵磷脂磷的溶解能力较弱。P35在培养24 h内及P80在培养48 h内,其溶磷量在不同培养基pH处理间差异显著,随着培养时间的延长,不同pH处理间的溶磷量逐渐接近,且溶磷量达到一定水平后不再增加。2) 土壤接种菌株P35、P80对玉米表现出良好的促生效果,提高了玉米植株地径、株高、吸磷量和干物质积累量,干物质量分别较CK增加32%、36% (P < 0.05)。3) 在土壤接种菌株20～100天内,P35和P80处理的土壤有效磷含量始终高于CK和EM处理,有时差异可达显著水平 ( P < 0.05);而EM处理的土壤有效磷含量始终与CK没有显著差异。土壤接种菌株100天后,3个菌株处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶活性与CK均无显著差异,但对土壤中不同形态磷含量影响不同。P80处理显著提高H2O-Pi含量,P35显著提高了NaOH-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi含量,且P80的磷活化系数也显著高于CK。  【结论】  溶磷菌株P35、P80对环境pH的适应能力较强,对磷酸钙和植酸钙有较强的溶解能力。P35活化磷的速度快,可能在土壤中引起磷的再固定,最终表现为提高了土壤无机磷中的NaOH-Pi和NaHCO3-Pi。菌株P80对磷的活化速度较P35慢,但其活化的磷主要表现为H2O-Pi含量的提高,更有利于玉米的吸收利用。  相似文献   

9.
红壤溶磷菌的筛选及溶磷机制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用以磷酸铝为磷源的蒙金娜(PVK)液体培养基研究了从红壤土中筛选出的4种溶磷菌的溶磷效果,选出其中的优势菌株B1,并对其溶磷机理做出初步探讨。结果表明,所筛选出的4株溶磷菌在液体培养条件下均有显著的溶磷效果,其中菌株B1在培养4 d后有效溶磷量最大,达到292.8 mg L-1。各处理培养液pH在培养期间均有显著下降,pH从7.0下降至3.2~4.7。高效液相色谱测定发现,各菌株培养液中有机酸的种类与含量随培养时间变化而不同,其中菌株B1主要分泌草酸和苹果酸,培养1 d后有机酸总量可达到5 mmol L-1;通过添加有机酸对磷酸铝活化的试验表明,分泌有机酸溶磷仅是菌株B1溶磷机制之一,可能还存在其他溶磷机制。菌株B1生长的适宜pH范围为5~9,最适培养温度为30℃,100 ml三角瓶的最适装液量为30~40 ml。经鉴定,菌株B1与苏云金芽孢杆菌有99.9%的相似性。  相似文献   

10.
几株高效溶磷菌株对不同磷源溶磷活力的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在液体培养条件下，研究了4株溶磷菌株(Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7和Fmp9)对不同磷源溶解能力的差异并与荧光假单孢菌As1.867和巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223进行了比较，探讨了菌株组合培养对溶磷活力的影响。结果表明，4株菌株对磷酸钙、磷酸铝、磷酸氢钙溶解能力明显高于磷酸铁和卵磷脂。以磷酸钙为磷源时，Fmp9的溶磷量比As1.867和As1.223分别高出约92%和48%；而以磷酸铝为磷源时，As1.223的溶磷量明显高于其他菌株；在磷酸氢钙为磷源的条件下，Bmp6为优势菌株，溶磷量高达785.51mg/L。对比研究发现，Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7及Fmp9的优势磷源分别为卵磷脂、磷酸氢钙、磷酸铝和磷酸钙。组合培养表明，Bmp5+Fmp9和Bmp6+Fmp9较单株菌的溶磷量有所增加，为较好的组合。试验得到的溶磷微生物配方已经应用于生物复合肥料的研究，并进行了盆栽实验，得到了较好的效果。该研究可为土壤生物肥料工业的微生物学研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

11.
The phosphorus (P) release characteristic of Ogun rock phosphate (OPR) acidulated with cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), an industrial waste, was studied under laboratory conditions for ten weeks. The results showed that the acidulation of phosphate rock with cashew nutshell liquid at a ratio of 4 to 1 released the highest quantity of available P. There was a general increase in the amount of P extracted from the phosphate rock under the influence of cashew nutshell liquid and this was more spontaneous in alkaline media. The peak of phosphorus release occurred at the 56 days of incubation following a form of stoichiometric order. We found the use of the cashew nutshell liquid in this regard as a win-win approach to not only recycle a major waste of cashew processing industries, which will help to maintain a healthy environment, but to deploy the complementary use of this waste in crop production.  相似文献   

12.
为研究筛选可提高或促进黔南扁穗雀麦(Bromus carticus cv.Qiannan)种子萌发、幼根发生的溶磷菌,探索供试培养基对溶磷菌的生长及黔南扁穗雀麦种子萌发的影响,开展了溶磷菌Br24在以LB和PDA培养基为基质的不同剂量处理下对黔南扁穗雀麦种子发芽影响的培养试验。结果表明,改良LB培养基是溶磷菌生长较好的基质;经PDA培养液处理的扁穗雀麦种子,出苗速度和出苗整齐度较好;以LB和PDA作为培养基质,活化48 h的Br24菌液浸种6 min或分别接种菌液量不超过2 mL与1 mL,扁穗雀麦种子发芽率最好。菌株Br24可作为溶磷接种剂,具有一定生产和推广应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
 The phosphate-solubilizing potential of the rhizosphere microbial community in mangroves was demonstrated when culture media supplemented with insoluble, tribasic calcium phosphate, and incubated with roots of black (Avicennia germinans L.) and white [Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.] mangrove became transparent after a few days of incubation. Thirteen phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of both species of mangroves: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Paenibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, Xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter taylorae, Enterobacter asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Chryseomonas luteola. One bacterial isolate could not be identified. The rhizosphere of black mangroves also yielded the fungus Aspergillus niger. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of the isolates was first qualitatively evaluated by the formation of halos (clear zones) around the colonies growing on solid medium containing tribasic calcium phosphate as a sole phosphorus source. Spectrophotometric quantification of phosphate solubilization showed that all bacterial species and A. niger solubilized insoluble phosphate well in a liquid medium, and that V. proteolyticus was the most active solubilizing species among the bacteria. Gas chromatographic analyses of cell-free spent culture medium from the various bacteria demonstrated the presence of 11 identified, and several unidentified, volatile and nonvolatile organic acids. Those most commonly produced by different species were lactic, succinic, isovaleric, isobutyric, and acetic acids. Most of the bacterial species produced more than one organic acid whereas A. niger produced only succinic acid. We propose the production of organic acids by these mangrove rhizosphere microorganisms as a possible mechanism involved in the solubilization of insoluble calcium phosphate. Received: 21 April 1999  相似文献   

14.
用人工配制的霍格兰改良培养液以及天然的地下水和池塘水对满江红进行了生产性能的测定并对水体中若干营养成分指标进行了监测。满江红在3种溶液培养条件下繁殖能力随时间的变化均呈增长、平衡、消落趋势,与二次曲线显著拟合。人工培养液中满江红的繁殖系数、固氮酶和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于其它2种水体培养,而超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性差异却不显著。相关分析发现,3种酶活性均同满江红的生产性能呈显著相关:固氮酶和POD酶活性呈正相关,SOD酶呈负相关。随着满江红的繁殖,溶液中若干营养成分含量也发生变化。除pH值外,其余所测定的指标在3种环境中的变化趋势基本一致,即电导率以及硝态氮、磷酸盐含量呈下降趋势,铵态氮维持在一定的低水平内;而水中的化学需氧量(COD)呈上升趋势。满江红繁殖力与溶液环境中成分变化的相关分析看出,环境中的离子态氮含量、化学需氧量的变化对满江红生产性能影响较小,而满江红的生产性能受溶液中的酸碱度、电导率及磷含量的制约。  相似文献   

15.
The objective was to evaluate phosphate desorption characteristics of synthetic hematite, goethite, and allophane and commercial alumina after loading at maximum adsorbed phosphate levels to determine their potential to release phosphate at a constant, low level to sustain plant growth in soilless media and reduce phosphate leaching. Desorption isotherms were measured at pH 6.4 ± 0.1 using a continuously stirred-flow reactor. The time period during which dissolved phosphate was maintained within the range of 5–0.2 mg·L?1 phosphate-P decreased in the order: allophane (12.4 d) > alumina (4.6 d) > goethite (3.6 d) > hematite (1.9 d). Allophane released the most phosphate during the desorption process (40% of maximum adsorbed phosphate; 12.7 mg?g?1) followed by alumina and goethite (19–20%; ≈2.5 mg?g?1) and lastly hematite (5%; 0.1 mg?g?1). Allophane demonstrated the greatest potential as a phosphate-charged source for soilless root media, in amount and duration of phosphate release.  相似文献   

16.
Phosphorus (P) availability to crops in organic systems can be a major issue, with the use of readily available forms often restricted. One product that can be used in organically managed systems, that is also relatively easily accessible to growers, is phosphate rock, although its solubility and therefore crop availability is often poor. One possible approach to improve this situation is co‐composting phosphate rock with selected organic waste materials. Various ratios of phosphate rock and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) residues were co‐composted and the products tested at different rates of application. The effects were assessed over 12 weeks using oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as bioassay crops in a pot experiment. At harvest, estimates of P derived from cabbage and phosphate rock for the lowest of two rates of compost were ≈ 2 and 10 mg P pot–1 for oilseed rape, compared to 5 and 2 mg P pot–1 for perennial ryegrass, respectively. Roots tended to have higher P concentrations than shoots. The crops showed differences in their abilities to access various P sources, with oilseed rape effectively taking P from phosphate rock, whereas perennial ryegrass was more effective at accessing cabbage‐derived P (the main substrate in the compost). Oilseed rape was able to take up 20% of the total P applied as phosphate rock, whereas perennial ryegrass took up less than 5% of the total P applied from this material. Both pre‐ and post‐application solubilisation/transformation mechanisms were involved in supplying plant‐available P. Quantifying the relative contribution from individual P sources remains problematic even within this relatively simple system.  相似文献   

17.
以磷为主要限制因素,研究沙角衣藻(ChlamydomonassajiaoLewin)—杂交水稻(O.sativaL.)所组成的实验体系在不同供磷条件下的生长情况。作者设计了含可溶性有效磷、含磷矿石粉和不含磷的三种藻类培养基,培养基中的沙角衣藻分别以见光和黑暗培养进行对比实验,并以不加沙角衣藻的平行实验组作为参照。培养两周后记录培养基中的沙角衣藻的活藻生物量、有效磷浓度和水稻的植株高度增长率以及水稻中的含磷量。其中,全磷培养基和含磷矿石粉的无磷培养基中杂交水稻正常生长,而且沙角衣藻生物量、培养基有效磷浓度均较实验前有所增长;而其他实验组水稻均出现不同程度的缺磷表征。研究结果发现,在正常光照条件下,沙角衣藻从矿石磷中释放的可溶性的有效磷可以同时供杂交水稻和沙角衣藻使用,使二者在同一环境中正常生长。  相似文献   

18.
To replace benzoyl peroxide as a bread dough-bleaching agent, pure and commercial oxido-reductases (peroxidases, catalases, glucose oxidases, lipoxygenase, and laccase) were screened based on degradation of β-carotene in a liquid system (5 μg of β-carotene/mL of 0.1M citrate phosphate buffer at pH 5.5 or 6.5) or dough. Peroxidases had the best bleaching activity; some catalases also showed bleaching potential in a liquid system but not in bread dough, suggesting that screening enzymes in liquid media has limited application for dough. In 100 g of flour, combinations of peroxidase (3,000 U), lipase (815–1,630 U), and linoleic acid (0–300 mg) completely bleached bread dough.  相似文献   

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