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1.
本试验通过与进口盐酸吡利霉素的对比,研究确定了国产盐酸吡利霉素对葡萄球菌、链球菌性乳房炎的治疗效果,旨在为药物的临床应用提供依据。结果表明,隐性乳房炎试验组和对照组的总有效率均为100%(12/12和10/10),治愈率分别为83.33%(10/12)和90%(9/10),平均用药次数为1.65次和1.5次;临床型乳房炎试验组的25mg组、50mg组、75mg组和对照组的总有效率分别为50%(5/10)、75%(10/12)、85.71%(12/14)和80%(8/10);治愈率为30%(3/10)、58.33%(7/12)、64.29%(9/14)和60%(6/10);平均用药次数为6次、4.9次、5.57次和5次。经卡方检验,试验组和对照组之间治愈率、有效率均无显著差异。可以得出国产盐酸吡利霉素对葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的隐性乳房炎和临床型乳房炎,均有良好的治疗效果。  相似文献   

2.
为了评价自制的金英黄归注射液的质量标准及临床疗效,本文将金银花等8味中药常规制备成奶牛乳区注射用药,通过急性毒性试验及热源检测评价其安全性,通过紫外分光光度法检测该注射液中多糖的含量,高效液相色谱法测定了绿原酸、大黄酸、大黄素的含量,并将其应用于兽医临床治疗奶牛乳房炎。结果显示,该注射液不引起家兔体温升高,LD50>5 g/kg,多糖浓度为0.48×10-1mg/mL,绿原酸、大黄酸、大黄素的含量分别是0.59 mg/mL、0.26×10-2mg/mL、0.17×10-1mg/mL,隐性乳房炎的奶牛通过3 d中药乳区注射用药治疗后治愈率达53.8%,有效率达92.3%;患隐性乳房炎奶牛乳区自愈率为0;健康奶牛乳区发病率为13.9%;治愈率、有效率经X2检验中药透皮剂治疗组与阳性对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P<0.05,P<0.01),临床型乳房炎的奶牛通过3 d中药乳区注射用药治疗后临床诊断其治愈率达88.9%,有效率达88.9%;CMT诊断治愈率达33.3%,有效率达88.9%。表明该注射剂无热源,几乎无毒性,有效成分检测指标可能是绿原酸,对奶牛乳房炎具有一定的临床疗效的注射剂。  相似文献   

3.
阿莫西林钠对奶牛乳房炎的防治试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗试验结果表明,以5 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射阿莫西林钠,1日2次,连用3 d,治愈率达91.3%,对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗结果表明:治疗组产犊后隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率分别为78.6%和7.1%,与青霉素-链霉素粉针药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
<正>1奶牛隐性乳房炎的危害隐性乳房炎对奶牛的产奶量影响很明显,依照C.N.Dohbins氏隐性乳房炎造成乳汁减少的经济损失合算办法:隐性乳房炎"±"的每天每个乳区产奶量下降0.48千克,“+”性每天每个乳区产奶量下降0.98千克,“++”性每天每个乳区产奶量下降1.72千克,“+++”性每天每个乳区产奶量下降2.58千克。有人曾对1750头奶牛检查,结果:隐性乳房炎“±”的80个乳区,“+”性的892个乳区,“++”的853个乳区,“+++”性的514个乳区,这些病乳区之和。每天共少产奶3953.52千克,以每千克1元计,则每天直接损失3953.52元,以一个泌乳期300天算,每年损失118.6万元。  相似文献   

5.
奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
刘天成 《中国乳业》2004,(12):31-32
乳房炎为奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是对奶牛生产危害性最大的一种疾病。据统计,临床型乳房炎占奶牛总发病的21%～23%。因其造成奶量的下降,病乳废弃,严重者,乳区化脓、坏疽、萎缩,致使永久失去泌乳能力,其淘汰占奶牛总淘汰率的9%～10%,在经济上造成一定损失。隐性乳房炎在奶牛群  相似文献   

6.
本试验通过对患牛体细胞以及其它临床指标的检测和观察,评估了复合蛋白酶注入剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果。按照1支/乳区·次,连续用药3次,每次间隔12 h给药的临床使用方案,推荐剂量组(糜蛋白酶8 mg+胰蛋白酶8 mg组)制剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的有效率达到88.2%,治愈率高达70.6%;对患病乳区病原菌菌株数清除作用减少50%以上;奶牛乳房炎评分均值从5.70提升到7.90;体细胞均值从138.20万个/m L降低到75.40万个/m L。与传统抗生素药物的治疗比较,虽然治疗效果不及有些种类的抗生素的效果,但作为一种全新概念的复合蛋白酶制剂用做奶牛乳房炎的治疗药物,不仅避免了细菌耐药性和药物残留等问题,而且为复合酶制剂的开发和应用于治疗奶牛乳房炎提供了全新的思路。  相似文献   

7.
通过LMT法、乳汁pH检验法和体细胞直接计数等方法相结合,对冀东地区3个大型奶牛场、8个奶牛养殖户选取的1 021头奶牛进行隐性乳房炎流行病学调查与病菌分离鉴定。结果表明,隐性乳房炎发病率为60.63%(619/1021),乳房炎阳性乳样品中细菌分离率达88.21%(546/619)。从543头隐性乳房炎患牛的阳性乳区乳样中分得细菌共4类14种菌82株,其中葡萄球菌36株,占43.90%;链球菌33株,占40.24%;肠杆菌类8株,占9.76%;棒状杆菌5株,占6.10%。冀东地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌。  相似文献   

8.
利用PortaSCC(R)奶牛隐性乳房炎测试技术对太原和朔州两地的奶牛隐性乳房炎进行了监测.结果显示,PortaSCC(R)隐性乳房炎测试技术方法简便快捷、测定数据准确,具有较大的应用价值;奶牛隐性乳房炎头阳性率为55.5%(111/2OO),乳区阳性率为26.34%(196/744);3胎及以上奶牛乳房炎阳性率达到70.18%(40/57)并显著高于1～2胎35.42%(17/48)(P＜O.01);奶牛个体混合乳样体细胞与个体乳区乳样体细胞平均数呈直线相关,差异极显著(r=0.7418,t＞t0.01,P＜O.01).  相似文献   

9.
北京某牛场24头经BLT检测为阳性的隐型乳房炎患牛,共发现有32个患病乳区,将24头牛分成4个组,每组6头（8个患病乳区）。分别用重组溶葡萄球菌酶粉200U/乳区、400U/乳区、600U/乳区3个剂量,对照组以注射用头孢噻呋钠0.25g/乳区给药,每天早晚挤奶后乳池灌注,共用4d,研究不同剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果。结果显示,3个剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶均能降低牛奶中的体细胞数。200U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用略优于头孢噻呋钠（P〉0.05）;400U、600U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用显著优于头孢噻呋钠（P〈0.01）;400U、600U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用无差异（P〉0.05）。重组溶葡萄球菌酶是治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的安全有效的药物。  相似文献   

10.
本研究以不同牧场中的荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,以100~200g/(头·d)的剂量添加干酪乳杆菌HM-09和植物乳杆菌HM-10及其代谢产物的复合乳酸菌微生态制剂(有效活菌数≥1.5×109 cfu/g),应用牛场DHI数据中的乳体细胞数(SCC)数据对试验牛只进行隐性乳房炎分析,研究其对奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治效果,结果显示:饲喂5~10d乳酸菌微生态制剂后,奶牛平均体细胞数显著降低23.8%~62.8%。结果表明,本试验所用复合乳酸菌微生态制剂可应用于奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治。  相似文献   

11.
New tools are needed to detect chronic sub-clinical mastitis, especially in automatic milking systems. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) are the two most sensitive bovine acute phase proteins, and their concentrations increase in milk from cows with clinical mastitis and in milk from cows with experimentally induced chronic sub-clinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the potential for haptoglobin and SAA in milk as indicators of chronic sub-clinical mastitis. Quarter milk samples were collected from 41 cows with a mean composite milk somatic cell count (CSCC) above 300,000 cells/mL during at least two months prior to sampling. Quarter milk samples were also taken from eleven cows with a mean CSCC below 80,000 cells/mL during at least two previous months. These samples were analysed for haptoglobin, SAA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity and bacterial growth. The samples were grouped according to their ATP, haptoglobin and SAA status. ATP+ samples had ATP > 2 x 10(-10) mol/mL, Hp+ and SAA+ samples had detectable levels of haptoglobin (> or = 0.3 mg/L) and SAA (> or = 0.9 mg/L), respectively. In udder quarter samples from healthy cows, 42 out of 44 samples belonged to the ATP-Hp-SAA- group. Among cows with chronic sub-clinical mastitis, the ATP+Hp+SAA+ group contained 66 out of 164 samples while 44 samples belonged to the ATP+Hp-SAA- group. Detectable levels of haptoglobin and SAA were found in 92 and 80 samples, respectively. Growth of udder pathogens was detected in 28 samples and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria. In conclusion, haptoglobin and SAA concentrations below the detection limit were considered as good indicators of healthy udder quarters. A substantial variation in haptoglobin and SAA concentrations in milk was observed in udder quarters with chronic sub-clinical mastitis.  相似文献   

12.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after intravenous administration of norfloxacin nicotinate at 10 mg norfloxacin/kg body weight was investigated in cows with healthy udders and in cows with chronic subclinical and postacute clinical mastitis. An HPLC method was used to determine the norfloxacin concentrations in serum and milk. Significant differences were observed in norfloxacin pharmacokinetics when administered to cows with infected udder quarters. The clearance (Cl) values were 10.4+/-2.5, 13.2+/-1.9 and 14.2+/-2.1 mL/min/kg (mean +/-SD) in the control (healthy udder) cows and in cows with subclinical and postacute clinical mastitis, respectively. There appeared to be a trend of increasing clearance according to severity of the disease. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) in the respective groups was 3.1+/-0.7, 2.2+/-0.6 and 1.3+/-0.2 L/kg. The volume of distribution was significantly decreased in the cows with postacute clinical mastitis. The half-lives (t1/2) and mean residence times (MRT) of norfloxacin were 353, 206 and 115 min (harmonic means) and 306+/-76, 168+/-39 and 95+/-9 min in control cows or in cows with subclinical and postacute clinical mastitis, respectively. The half-lives in the clinical mastitis group were significantly shorter than in the control group and the mean residence times were significantly shorter in the two mastitis groups when compared to the control group. Norfloxacin concentrations in milk were extremely high when compared to the respective serum concentrations. The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) of norfloxacin in milk was 23899+/-6206 mg/L x min in the control cow group. The AUC in milk was significantly lower in the infected udder quarters of the mastitis groups (5075+/-1887 mg/L x min and 7484+/-4645 mg/L x min in the subclinical and the clinical group). The AUC values were significantly lower in milk from the infected udder quarters of the cows with chronic subclinical and postacute clinical mastitis when compared to the values in milk from the healthy quarters of the same udder. Norfloxacin was marginally bound to serum protein. The binding was concentration dependent and was 19, 13 and 6% at 0.2, 1.0 and 8.4 mg/L, respectively. Binding to milk protein was 46-51% and concentration independent. An in vitro dialysis model was used to simulate drug transport between serum and milk as a function of protein binding. The results showed that the rate of norfloxacin disposition from milk to serum was slower than from serum to milk, which was in agreement with the findings obtained in the pharmacokinetic study. Norfloxacin was poorly soluble in organic solvents and our results suggest that changes in the degree of ionization of the drug in different body fluids considerably affect its disposition.  相似文献   

13.
Twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay. In samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees C during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. No bacteria grew in the 32.5% of the total samples. A sub-sample including 1077 dairy cows from randomly selected farms was used to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were taken on one visit to each farm. The prevalence was 52.4% on a cow basis and 26.7% on an udder quarter basis. In 55.1% of the quarters of the selected animals with more than 300,000 cells/ml there was no growth. The isolated pathogens from sub-clinical cases and their relative frequencies were: Staphylococcus aureus 62.8%, Streptococcus agalactiae 11.3%, Enterococcus sp. 8%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 7.4%, Streptococus uberis 6.4%, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 1.8%, Escherichia coli 1.5% and Staphylococcus hyicus coagulase-positive 0.6%.  相似文献   

14.
This field study focuses on the possible effects of a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment (carprofen) and a local and parenteral antibiotic on cure rates, survival rate and return to milk production of severe clinical mastitis cases. 69 cows in 3 herds (blocked by parity) with severe clinical mastitis during the first 120 d of lactation (median = 28 d) were treated with antibiotics and one-half of these cows were treated with 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight carprofen (Rimadyl Rind, Pfizer GmbH Tiergesundheit, Germany). Double milk samples for bacteriology were collected from clinically affected udder quarters before treatment and at 14 (+/- 3) and 21 (+/- 3) days after commencement of treatment for cytomicro-temperature, clinical, bacteriological, cytobacteriological cure rate and in the number of cows that were defined as treatment failures (i.e., died, re-treated, relapse). Six (22.2%) vs. seven (19.4%) cows in the carprofen and control groups failed, respectively. The milk yield was significantly higher in the carprofen-treated group compared with the control group after treatment. The present work gives first indications that treatment of cows with severe clinical mastitis with a combination of carprofen and antibiotics could result in a faster return to milk production compared to treatment with antibiotics alone. If this effect can be affiliated to the administration of carprofen alone has to be examined in further studies.  相似文献   

15.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) often causes long-lasting chronic sub-clinical udder infections in dairy cows. To investigate if this can be due to a negative impact of S. aureus on lymphocytes important for the immune defence, alterations in proportions and expression intensity of CD4+, CD8+, WC1+, B and IL-2R+ lymphocytes was studied in blood and milk, as S. aureus mastitis developed from acute clinical to chronic sub-clinical form. Six healthy dairy cows were inoculated with S. aureus in one udder quarter per cow, and one quarter per cow acted as an uninfected control. Blood samples, and milk samples from infected and non-infected quarters were collected before infection and for five weeks after infection. All infected quarters developed acute clinical mastitis, of which five turned into chronic sub-clinical mastitis. In infected quarters, the proportions of all lymphocyte sub-sets, except WC1+ cells, differed in acute phase compared to pre-infection, while the dominant finding in the chronic phase was increased expression intensities per cell. An impact on blood lymphocytes and milk lymphocytes in non-infected quarters also occurred, mainly during the chronic phase. The most prominent finding was the increased proportion and expression of B-lymphocytes in blood, infected and non-infected quarters during chronic sub-clinical mastitis. As S. aureus can invade and survive intracellularly, a preferential stimulation of B-cells, suggesting development of a humoral response, may not be sufficient to eliminate intracellular bacteria, which could explain the persistence of the infection.  相似文献   

16.
Five dairy farms, situated on the slopes of the volcano Poás in the pre-mountain cloud forest ecological zone, Alajuela and Heredia Provinces, Costa Rica, provided data for estimation of the production losses due to sub-clinical mastitis. Within the same farm, cows with proven sub-clinical mastitis were matched with cows without signs of sub-clinical mastitis, according to breed, lactation number and days in lactation. A total of 529 cows were detected with sub-clinical mastitis, of which only 200 could be paired with control cows free of mastitis; each pair was used only once.

Crude milk production losses per cow with sub-clinical mastitis were estimated at 1.56 kg day−1for daily milk yield. Milk production loss per affected quarter due to sub-clinical mastitis was estimated to be 17.6% on average. The decrease in milk production in heifers with sub-clinical mastitis did not differ significantly from the decrease in production in older cows. No significant difference in milk production loss was detected when the data were stratified on parity or the number of quarters affected.  相似文献   


17.
The effect of bovine lactoferrin (Lf) was studied in experimental Escherichia coli mastitis, using enrofloxacin as a comparator. Mastitis was induced in six clinically healthy primiparous dairy cows by infusing 1500 colony-forming units of E. coli into a single udder quarter. The challenge was repeated into a contralateral quarter of the same cows 3 weeks later. At the first challenge, three cows were treated with 1.5 g of bovine lactoferrin intramammarily three times (12, 20 and 36 h postchallenge, PC), and the other three cows received 5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin (Baytril) parenterally (12, 36 and 60 h PC). Flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) was administered to all cows twice at 24-h intervals. During the second challenge, the treatments for the two groups were reversed. Intramammary challenge with E. coli produced clinical mastitis in all cows, but the severity of the disease varied markedly. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed in clinical signs such as rectal temperature, rumen motility and general attitude. Milk somatic cell count, daily milk yield and bacterial counts in cows treated with Lf and those receiving enrofloxacin also did not differ significantly. However, a trend for a more rapid elimination of bacteria was seen in the cows treated with enrofloxacin. Milk NAGase activity also decreased significantly faster in the group treated with enrofloxacin. The concentration of lipopolysaccharide in milk compared with the number of bacteria was significantly lower in Lf than in enrofloxacin-treated cows (20 h PC).  相似文献   

18.
选择泌乳期（7～10日）家兔,用10^4CFU、10^6CFU、10^8CFU三个不同浓度的金黄色葡萄球菌悬液人工诱导家兔乳房炎模型,观察临床表现,耳缘静脉采血进行血常规检测,确定10^6CFU为建立乳房炎模型的最佳剂量。造模后,分别采用不同剂量的中药组方制剂,通过乳池灌注和肌肉注射两种方式治疗患病家兔,观察临床治疗效果并检测血常规,确定乳池灌注和肌肉注射的最佳治疗剂量分别为35mg／乳区、100μg／kg,治愈率均为100％（8／8）。  相似文献   

19.
Mammary glands taken at slaughter from healthy lactating cows were perfused in vitro with warmed and gassed Tyrode solution. Cefquinome (88.8mg cefquinome sulphate per 8mL) was administered by the intramammary route to all quarters and/or "systemically" via the perfusion fluid at concentrations similar to those measured in plasma following intramuscular administration of 1mg cefquinome per kg body weight. Samples of the perfusate were taken over a 6-h period and from the regional lymph nodes after 6h. Using a scalpel, sections of glandular tissue - at different distances from and vertical to the teat right up to the udder base - were gathered from four quarters each per route of administration at 2, 4 and 6h. The cefquinome content of the tissue samples was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and of the perfusate samples by bioassay. After intramammary administration, the concentration of cefquinome in the glandular tissue decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the teat. The addition of cefquinome to the perfusion fluid produced a mean concentration of 0.2-0.5microg/g at all glandular tissue sites. Combined intramammary and systemic treatment ensured that concentrations exceeded the MIC(90) values of the most common mastitis pathogens in all areas of the udder by 2h post-administration. There was considerable variability in the tissue concentrations of cefquinome, particularly after intramammary administration. These results suggest that for the treatment of acute mastitis a combination of both intramammary and systemic administration is likely to be advantageous in order to rapidly produce maximum cefquinome concentrations in all regions of the udder.  相似文献   

20.
Few studies have investigated the efficacy of extended ceftiofur therapy and none have focused on extended therapy for naturally occurring clinical mastitis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of extended intramammary ceftiofur therapy of 8 d duration with a standard 2-day regimen for the treatment of naturally occurring mild to moderate clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. Holstein cows from 22 dairy herds (n = 241) were randomly allocated to the 2 treatment groups. For each case of mastitis, 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride was administered intramammary once a day for 2 or 8 d. Clinical cure, 21 d after the last treatment, was 89% (98/110) in each group. Bacteriological cure 21 d after the last treatment for the 2- and 8-day regimens were 32% (15/47) and 61% (25/41), respectively, for all bacteria (P = 0.007), 64% (9/14) and 82% (9/11), respectively, for streptococci (P = 0.50), and 0% (0/20) and 47% (9/19), respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.0004). There were no statistical differences between groups for new intramammary infections. Overall, ceftiofur extended therapy increased cure when compared to a 2-day regimen for the treatment of naturally occurring mild to moderate clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows.  相似文献   

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