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1.
日光温室茄茎腐病病原鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1998～2000年连续 3年在甘肃省主要茄子栽培区大量采集茄子茎腐病病株和病土 ,经分离和致病性测定 ,表明引起当地茄茎腐病的主要病原为镰刀菌和疫霉菌。根据病原形态特征、培养性状以及致病性测定 ,确定其为尖镰孢菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、黄色镰孢菌 (Fusarium culmorum)和寄生疫霉 (Phytophthora nicotianae)。两种镰刀菌生长发育最适温度均为20～30℃ ,最适pH为7.0;在光照条件下菌丝生长缓慢。 相似文献
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以棉枯萎镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum菌丝体中提取的蛋白质为抗原,制备出3个生理小种、6个菌系的抗血清。琼脂双扩散试验效价1/16—1/32。这些抗血清与串珠(F.moniliforme)、半裸(F.semitectum)、木贼(F.equiseti)和茄病(F.solani)等4种镰刀菌的双扩试验,无肉眼可见或仅有微弱的沉淀线出现,其血清学关系较远;与尖孢种内的黄瓜(F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum)、菜豆(F.oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli)和啤酒花(F. oxysporum f.spp.)等3个专化型的双扩试验,具有明显的沉淀线,其形状、条数及清晰度有差异并出现交叉,血清学关系较为密切;与棉枯萎镰刀菌3个小种14个菌系的双扩试验,具有多条沉淀线,融合多,分枝少,同源反应比异源反应清楚,其血清学关系更为密切。 综合分析镰刀菌的形态,致病性和琼脂双扩散试验结果,表明镰刀菌血清学关系与镰刀菌形态学、致病性有一定程度的一致性和相关性、血清学方法可作为棉枯萎镰刀菌分类的手段之一。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆堆上普遍产生的大量粉白色霉状物,经两年接种麦穗,引起了31.7—86.7％的穗腐,病穗上诱发出了大量的子囊壳,镜检证明,是引起小麦赤霉病的禾谷镰刀菌的有性时期玉米赤霉菌(Gibberella Zeae(schw.)Petch]。据此认为,玉米秸秆堆上的禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子在侵染循环中的作用,有必要深入研究。 相似文献
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通过对辽宁省多个地区的调查,发现此病害发生普遍,尤其是二年生的五味子茎基腐病发生严重。五味子茎基腐病在5月上旬开始出现,6月初为发生盛期。本文对五味子茎基腐病进行了症状描述,并对不同地点采集的病样分别进行木质部和韧皮部病原物的分离、纯化。对分离得到的菌株按照柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定并对病原菌进行鉴定,结果表明,此病害可由木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、茄腐镰刀菌(F.solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)和半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)4种镰刀菌属真菌引起。针对此病害的发生特点,提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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为明确江苏省水稻赤霉病的病原菌组成及致病特征,于2018—2019年从江苏省13个市41个县区采集341份水稻样品,采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化,基于翻译延伸因子（translationelongation factor-1α,TEF-1α）序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,通过TRI11基因序列鉴定及产毒力测定对其产毒化学型进行分析,并按照柯赫氏法则对其致病力进行验证。结果显示,从水稻样品中共分离获得病原菌392株,其中亚洲镰刀菌Fusarium asiaticum为385株,禾谷镰刀菌F. graminearum为7株。亚洲镰刀菌分为3-乙酰化脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3ADON）化学型和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（nivalenol,NIV）化学型菌株,分别占亚洲镰刀菌总菌株数的 66.8% 和 33.2%;禾谷镰刀菌均为（15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15ADON）化学型。产3ADON的亚洲镰刀菌在全省范围内为优势群体,而产15ADON的禾谷镰刀菌仅在淮北地区被发现;产NIV的亚洲镰刀菌对水稻的致病性要显著高于产3ADON的亚洲镰刀菌。不同产毒化学型亚洲镰刀菌对水稻均有一定致病性,但NIV化学型亚洲镰刀菌对水稻的致病力最强。 相似文献
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为明确宁夏马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌种内的遗传差异与亲缘关系,利用ISSR-PCR技术对影响PCR扩增效果的因素和ISSR引物进行优化和筛选,建立适合马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的ISSR-PCR反应体系,并通过ISSR分子标记技术对30株地理来源不同的镰刀菌进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示：马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的ISSR-PCR扩增最适引物为807,20 μL反应体系中2×Easy Taq PCR Super Mix为8 μL、引物浓度为0.6 μmol/L、DNA模板浓度为56 ng/μL,循环次数为36次,退火温度为54℃。在选用的18条ISSR引物中有13条对30株镰刀菌扩增出84条条带,大小多分布在250~2 000 bp之间,其中多态性条带为82条,多态性比例平均为98.3%。30株镰刀菌的遗传相似系数在0.349~0.976之间,在0.478水平上可划分为2个类群,其中类群I包括尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum、木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti、茄病镰刀菌F.solani和锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum;类群II全部为接骨木镰刀菌F.sambucinum;在0.976水平上30株镰刀菌可被全部区分开。ISSR类群划分与菌种分类之间存在一定相关性,同一类群不同菌株之间的遗传相似性与菌株地理来源存在一定的相关性;分离自同一地区的同一菌种,其菌株间也存在一定的遗传差异性。 相似文献
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为明确镰刀菌毒素在我国不同小麦产区的污染与分布,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪对全国214个小麦品种籽粒中的7种镰刀菌毒素含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明:7种镰刀菌毒素的平均回收率在95.02%～116.52%之间,相对标准差为6.32%～21.50%。所有测试小麦样品均被镰刀菌毒素污染,7种毒素中以雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(nivalenol,NIV)含量最高,即使在NIV含量最低的长江中下游冬麦区,平均含量也高达182.56μg/kg,虽然目前并没有关于NIV的相关限量标准,但也应该予以足够重视;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)含量较高,在8.07～337.23μg/kg之间,低于国家限量标准1 000μg/kg;T-2含量在4.05～78.05μg/kg之间,低于现有国际限量标准100μg/kg;玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalmone,ZEA)含量在5.30～12.50μg/kg之间,低于国家限量标准60μg/kg;其它3种毒素含量较低,均低于17.73μg/kg。不同麦区间毒素比较发现,DON和3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的含量在长江中下游冬麦区最高,分别为43.09μg/kg和6.39μg/kg,且显著高于其它麦区;来自长江中下游冬麦组和黄淮冬麦区南片水地组的小麦品种籽粒中毒素T-2和HT-2的含量显著高于其它麦区;其余毒素在不同麦区间均无显著差异。 相似文献
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In 1986, samples from 109 winter wheat crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl resistance in Fusarium species. Of the 704 isolates obtained, 581 were identified as Fusarium nivale, of which 92.1 % were resistant to benomyl. Of the remaining isolates, 82 were identified as F. avenaceum, 40 as F. culmorum and one as F. poae; none of these isolates were resistant to benomyl. The vast majority of isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from superficial nodal or internodal lesions on the stems. 相似文献
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The incidence of Fusarium spp. in stem bases of selected crops of winter wheat in the Midlands, UK 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
D. W. PARRY 《Plant pathology》1990,39(4):619-622
The incidence of pathogenic Fusarium and Microdochium species in stem bases of winter wheat was investigated in a total of nine crops in 3 years, i.e. 1987, 1988 and 1989. Four Fusarium species were isolated: F. nivale ( = Microdochium nivale ), F. avenaceum , F. culmorum and F. graminearum . The predominant species was F. nivale followed by F. avenaceum and F. culmorum . Isolations of F. graminearum were made only from shoots collected during August 1989. The highest incidence of F. nivale occurred during April 1989 in the cultivar Brock when the fungus was isolated from 65% of the shoots sampled. The highest incidence of F. avenaceum was 60% (August 1988, cv. Slejpner) and F. culmorum 37% (August 1989, cv. Mercia). A delay in the isolation of Fusarium spp. during 1987 was attributed to the low January temperatures, and an upsurge of F. culmorum and F. graminearum during 1989 to the warm dry summer. The incidence of F. nivale fluctuated during the 1988 and 1989 seasons, particularly during spring. The effects of fungicide spray programmes and the growth and development of the wheat crop are discussed as possible contributory factors to this. 相似文献
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Nielsen LK Jensen JD Nielsen GC Jensen JE Spliid NH Thomsen IK Justesen AF Collinge DB Jørgensen LN 《Phytopathology》2011,101(8):960-969
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction differentiating 10 Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale or M. majus was applied to a total of 396 grain samples of wheat, barley, triticale, oat, and rye sampled across Denmark from 2003 to 2007, along with selected samples of wheat and barley from 1957 to 2000, to determine incidence and abundance of individual Fusarium spp. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 were quantified using liquid chromatography-double mass spectrometry. Major differences in the Fusarium species complex among the five cereals as well as great yearly variation were seen. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in wheat, with DON as the dominant mycotoxin. F. langsethiae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in barley and oat, leading to relatively high levels of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum dominated in triticale and rye. The nontoxigenic M. nivale/majus were present in significant amounts in all cereal species. Wheat and barley samples from 1957 to 1996 exhibited no or very low amounts of F. graminearum, indicating a recent increase of this pathogen. Biomass and mycotoxin data exhibited good correlations between Fusarium spp. and their corresponding mycotoxins under field conditions. 相似文献
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Development of disease symptoms and fungal pathogens on shoot bases in continuous winter wheat, and effects of fungicides 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
G. L. BATEMAN 《Plant pathology》1993,42(4):595-608
Field plots in three consecutive crops of winter wheat were sampled at approximately 2-week intervals from April to July in 1989, 1990 and 1991. Culm and stem bases were examined for symptoms of eyespot, sharp eyespot and brown foot rot. The W-type and R-type of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, P. anguioides, Fusarium culmorum, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale grown from this plant material on agar were identified. Eyespot was most severe in 1991, when plant development was least rapid following cool weather in late winter and the summer was relatively cool and wet. Sharp eyespot was most severe in 1990, which had a warm summer with moderate rainfall. The other warm summer, 1989, was drier and these conditions favoured late development of brown foot rot, associated mainly with F. culmorum which was scarce at other times. Sharp eyespot sometimes increased where prochloraz, which decreased eyespot, was applied. Distinct symptoms of more than one disease occurred less frequently on the same stem than expected from the individual total occurrences, but co-occurrences of different fungi were often more frequent than expected. In July 1990, Fusarium spp. co-occurred with R-type, but not W-type, P. herpotrichoides more frequently than expected, and in July 1990 and 1991 M. nivale and both W-type and R-type co-occurred more frequently than expected. Fusarium spp. and M. nivale were more frequent, especially in the earlier samples, on nodes than on internodes, whilst P. herpotrichoides normally infected at the internodes. The results suggest that stems weakened or altered by a primary colonizer are often a suitable substrate for a secondary colonizer, often a Fusarium sp., which may begin infection at a distance from the original lesion and often not cause distinct symptoms itself. 相似文献
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J. C. Peters † A. K. Lees D. W. Cullen L. Sullivan G. P. Stroud A. C. Cunnington 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):262-271
A 3-year survey was undertaken to establish the relative frequency of different Fusarium spp. present as inoculum on potato tubers collected from four regions of Great Britain. A total of 219 samples (comprising 10 950 tubers) were collected from the 2000, 2001 and 2002 crops and processed to recover dry rot-producing isolates. In total, 228 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered. Most (94·7%) of these isolates were attributed to one of four Fusarium species: F. coeruleum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. sambucinum (formerly F. sulphureum) . The incidence of the combined Fusarium spp. increased the further south the crops had been grown. Fusarium coeruleum was the most commonly isolated species in each survey year, comprising 37 to 52% of the total Fusarium species. Selected isolates of each species were evaluated for their ability to produce rots in potato tubers. Fusarium sambucinum was a more aggressive pathogen than the other Fusarium species in eight out of 10 cultivars. Fusarium avenaceum and F. culmorum were relatively weaker pathogens. However, these species were aggressive on some cultivars, notably Hermes. The selected isolates were also assessed for their sensitivity to the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil. Using in vitro tests, 65% of F. sambucinum isolates were resistant to thiabendazole and 7% of F. avenaceum isolates were resistant to imazalil. Tubers treated with imazalil yielded a higher proportion of isolates of F. avenaceum than those that were untreated. Similarly, a higher proportion of F. sambucinum isolates were recovered from tubers treated with thiabendazole than from those that were not treated. 相似文献
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MARTIN J. BARBETTI 《Plant pathology》1985,34(1):49-53
A wide range of fungi was recorded from leaves and petioles of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), with and without symptoms of disease, in Western Australia. Leptosphaerulina trifolii (Rostrup) Petrak and Phoma medicaginis Malb. & Roum. were the two most frequently isolated fungi. Ascochyta caulicola Lamb., Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andus & Moore, Curvularia trifolii (Kauffm.) Boedijn., Fusarium avenaceum (FR.) Sacc, Myrothecium verrucaria (Fr.) Sacc, Phoma medicaginis , and Stemphylium globuliferum (Vestergr.) Simmons were new records on subterranean clover foliage in Western Australia. Phoma medicaginis was demonstrated to be pathogenic and this is the first record as a pathogen on subterranean clover foliage in Western Australia, M. verrucaria and F. avenaceum caused leaf spotting or more extensive lesions as a consequence of undetermined phytotoxic products produced on agar plate cultures. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Naturally occurring populations of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and Microdochium nivale were studied in two field experiments from anthesis in June 2003 until harvest in crops of winter wheat, and subsequently during 10 months after harvest until June 2004 on their residues exposed on the soil surface under field conditions. The dynamics of the different pathogens were estimated by quantifying the amount of DNA present in wheat tissues using TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction. While colonization of grain by Fusarium spp. and M. nivale was low, high amounts of DNA of F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum were found in ear residues, internodes, and nodes of the mature crop. Amounts of DNA of pathogens decreased significantly during the following 10 months in residues of internodes and nodes, but not in residues of stem bases. Knowledge on population dynamics of pathogens will help to develop preventive measures aimed at reduction of inoculum sources of head blight pathogens. 相似文献
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H. Diamond B.M. Cooke 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(4):363-372
A novel in vitro bioassay is described for screening Fusarium ear blight (FEB) resistance in adult winter wheat plants. Seven winter wheat cultivars were assessed for components of partial disease resistance as 28 day-old detached leaf segments in the laboratory using isolates of Microdochium nivale var. nivale and M. nivale var. majus. Results were compared with disease data obtained at anthesis using the same cultivars as whole plants and the same isolates under glasshouse conditions. Significant cultivar differences were observed using detached leaves, with cv. Avalon (a Fusarium culmorum ear susceptible cultivar) having the shortest leaf incubation period, greatest leaf lesion development and shortest leaf latent period compared to cv. Spark (a Fusarium culmorum ear resistant cultivar), which had the longest leaf incubation period, least leaf lesion development and longest leaf latent period. Using whole plants, cv. Avalon had the shortest ear incubation period and greatest ear disease severity, whilst cv. Spark had the longest incubation period and least ear disease severity. Overall, cultivars of intermediate F. culmorum ear resistance expressed intermediate responses to M. nivale isolates, using both detached leaves and whole plants. Significant correlations were found with ear disease severity and ear incubation period in whole plants and components of partial disease resistance in detached leaves, with significant correlations obtained between leaf incubation period and ear disease parameters using the M. nivale var. nivale isolate. In addition, leaf latent period and leaf lesion size showed significant correlations with whole plant reactions using M. nivale var. nivale and var. majus isolates. The in vitro screening of cultivars as detached leaves using M. nivale isolates may offer a real possibility of a rapid bioassay for the early screening of FEB resistance in wheat and other cereals. 相似文献
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Des prospections ont été réalisées durant les mois d'Avril et de Mai dans certaines parcelles de blé situées au Nord de la Tunisie dans l'objectif d'identifier les espèces de Fusarium associées à la pourriture du collet et à l'échaudage des épis de blé. Les résultats ont montré que Fusarium culmorum , Fusarium graminearum et Microdochium nivale ( Fusarium nivale ) sont les plus fréquemment isolées. Leur gravité varie selon les régions. En effet, les champs localisés dans les gouvernorats de Béja, Jendouba et Bizerte ont montré l'existence principalement de six espèces de Fusarium : Fusarium culmorum , Fusarium graminearum , Fusarium avenaceum , Fusarium solani , Microdochium nivale ( Fusarium nivale ) et Fusarium equiseti . 相似文献