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为研究叶轮与蜗壳的动静干涉作用,采用三维PIV对一双叶片离心泵最优工况下叶轮流道内3个截面内的流动进行了测量,每个截面内测量9个叶片位置.结果表明：随着叶片与隔舌距离的不同,叶轮流道内的相对速度场和轴向速度场发生了明显的变化;当叶片在隔舌与蜗壳1断面间时,流道内的流量最小,相对速度场分布最为均匀;在前盖板附近吸力面的流道出口出现了低速区,形成了射流-尾迹结构,并在流道进口发现较强的轴向速度;当叶片随着旋转方向远离隔舌时,流道内的流量逐渐增大,在叶片压力面进口出现了流动分离并产生了旋涡,而流道出口的相对速度变得平稳,同时流道进口的轴向速度减弱;当叶片随着旋转方向靠近隔舌时,叶轮流道内的流量逐渐减小,流道进口的旋涡减弱并消失,流道出口的压力面附近相对速度降低,吸力面附近的相对速度增大,同时流道进口的轴向速度继续减弱. 相似文献
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导叶式离心泵内部流场数值模拟与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
导叶式离心泵应用范围越来越广泛,迫切需对其稳定性运行及内部非稳态流动机理等相关问题进行探讨与研究。结合数值软件ANSYS-CFX与试验方法,基于SST k-ω湍流模型对导叶式离心泵内部非定常流场进行数值分析,并采用试验方法对其压力脉动特性进行研究,探讨不同流量工况下,压力脉动特性与非稳态流场分布规律。结果表明:导叶进口处压力脉动高于导叶出口处,而蜗壳隔舌处脉动强度小于其出口处;叶轮内压力分布主要受叶轮-导叶动静干涉作用影响;导叶内压力分布同时受动静干涉作用和蜗壳不对称几何形状影响;因叶轮出口尾迹流-射流影响,叶片出口附近出现吸力面静压大于压力面;由于导叶前缘与叶轮尾缘的影响,导叶叶片进口处压力分布极其复杂,规律性较差。 相似文献
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为了研究低比转数离心泵在小流量下的压力脉动特性,以IS50-32-160型离心泵为研究对象,在对模型泵进行网格无关性分析的基础上,采用分离涡模拟对不同小流量工况下的内部非定常流动进行数值计算.计算结果表明:隔舌对叶轮内部流动的影响较大,靠近隔舌的3个流道内均存在不同程度的进、出口旋涡,进口旋涡从叶片吸力面处产生,方向与叶轮旋转方向相同,而出口旋涡在叶片压力面产生,方向与叶轮旋转方向相同;随着流量的减小,旋涡不断发展,尤其是隔舌所在流道,进、出口旋涡会堵塞整个流道,且蜗壳出口会出现流动分离,导致出流不均匀;对叶轮和蜗壳内各监测点进行快速傅里叶变换,发现叶轮内的主要脉动频率为轴频及其倍频,且脉动从吸力面到压力面、进口到出口均逐渐增大;蜗壳内主要脉动频率为叶频及其倍频,且越靠近隔舌脉动越大,在隔舌处达到极大值;各监测点的脉动强度随流量的减小而增强. 相似文献
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离心泵内部非定常水力激励特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以单级蜗壳式离心泵作为研究对象,基于RANS法对离心泵内部流场结构进行了三维非定常数值模拟,探讨其内部的非定常流动特征所诱发的压力脉动特性及水力激励力特性,并在叶轮旋转周期过程中重点针对叶轮及其单个叶片的受力情况进行相关分析.结果表明:不同工况下各监测点压力脉动幅值的变化规律具有一致性,静压沿蜗壳周向分布不均匀;在压力脉动频谱图及叶轮径向力频谱图中叶频均占主导地位,而单个叶片激励力则体现为轴频;单个叶片所受径向力大小随流量的增加而增大,小流量工况下单个叶片的受力不均匀性明显,而接近额定工况时各叶片受力较均匀,且相差不大;通过对单个叶片非定常激励力特性的分析可知,小流量工况下由于隔舌附近叶片出口流动分离使得叶片受力变化明显,受射流尾迹影响更为突出. 相似文献
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为分析叶轮直径对双蜗壳离心泵压力脉动特性的影响,采用SST k-ω湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法对不同叶轮直径下的双蜗壳离心泵进行数值计算,将外特性参数试验结果与计算结果进行对比。研究表明,离心泵外特性参数(扬程H与输出功率P)随直径变化是等梯度的,并且计算值与试验值基本吻合;小流量工况下压力脉动幅值高于其他流量工况,叶轮直径变化会使叶片弯曲度发生改变,受动静干涉以及射流-尾迹的影响会出现脉动叠加现象,从而在叶片通过频率的倍频处(3fBPF或4fBPF)产生高幅值脉动;隔舌区域流动混合现象最为明显,且除D^2/D2=1(模型3)以外,隔舌位置处的压力脉动峰值均出现在叶片通过频率处。对于所选取的模型,除过隔舌区域监测点之外的其他监测点处压力脉动峰值处的脉动幅值随叶轮直径增大逐渐增大,且最大幅值波动达到23.8%。叶轮直径变化时射流-尾迹与动静干涉作用对离心泵内部压力脉动特性有重要影响。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2019,(4)
为了研究离心泵中涡结构、涡演化和涡的相互作用,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和涡动力学诊断方法的正则化螺旋度、Q准则、BVF诊断等对离心泵设计工况下的涡旋运动进行数值研究。与传统方法获得的压力、速度云图相比较,涡动力学诊断可以准确捕捉到离心泵叶轮、蜗壳中的涡旋结构、强度变化。蜗壳蜗型段存在一对旋转方向相反的涡,与经典的卡门涡街脱落涡的旋转方向相反,该对涡来源于叶片压力面流动的分离;蜗型段压力脉动根源是叶轮上脱落的一对周期性涡,在隔舌处尤为明显;蜗壳扩散段存在两对涡,一对是蜗型段的主涡,一对是隔舌位置脱落的次涡-卡门涡街,两对涡相互作用在泵出口形成了一对不规则涡。给离心泵涡控制、流动减阻提供理论依据。 相似文献
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离心泵叶轮内变流量流动特性的数值模拟 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
对一离心泵变流量时叶轮内部流动进行了数值模拟。计算过程中采用标准κ—ε二方程紊流模型,SIMPLEC算法。结果表明,设计流量时,流道入口段在流道的吸力面附近流体的相对速度比压力面附近大,在流道出口段压力面附近流体的相对速度比吸力面附近大;流量大于设计流量时,在流道入口段中线附近区域流体的相对速度较大,压力面和吸力面附近流体的相对速度均较小;流量小于设计流量时,流道入口段的吸力面附近出现空穴或旋涡,流道出口压力面附近有回流。大流量时流道出口的“射流／尾迹”减弱,小流量时流道出口的“射流／尾迹”增强。 相似文献
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混流泵叶轮内流动性能直接影响整台泵的外部性能.为了探讨混流泵叶轮内部的流动机理,设计了透明蜗壳,加工了1套半开式混流叶轮,建立了混流泵试验系统并利用PIV对其在不同流量工况下叶轮内部的流动性能进行了试验测试.通过对叶轮流道内的时均相对速度分析后发现,在设计流量工况下压力面附近相对速度从进口到出口先减小后增大,吸力面附近的相对速度先增大后逐渐减小.在叶轮出口处沿叶片高度方向的相对速度靠近压力面附近变化不大,靠近吸力面附近从叶根到叶顶逐渐降低,相对流速最小值出现在吸力面叶顶附近.在小流量工况下,流道中部叶高截面至叶顶的区域内会出现回流现象.同时还研究了不对称形状的蜗壳对叶轮内部流动的影响,对叶轮相对蜗壳不同位置流道内的流动进行了测试,发现相对蜗壳不同位置流道内的相对流速的分布趋势基本相同. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献