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1.
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is an oil-bearing species with multiple uses and considerable potential as a bioenergy crop. The present
investigation has been undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in a representative set of 42 accessions of J. curcas encompassing different crop growing regions in India along with a non-toxic genotype from Mexico as a prelude for utilization
of promising and genetically divergent materials in the breeding programmes. Molecular polymorphism was 42.0% with 400 RAPD
primers and 33.5% with 100 ISSR primers between accessions indicating modest levels of genetic variation in the Indian germplasm.
The within-population variation based on RAPD polymorphism was 64.0% and was on par with the inter-population variation. Polymorphic
ISSR markers have been identified that could differentiate the Indian accessions from the Mexican genotype and two of them
were converted to SCAR markers. The SCAR primer pair ISPJ1 amplified a 543 bp fragment in all the Indian populations, while
ISPJ2 with a specific amplicon of 1,096 bp was specific to the Mexican genotype. Population-specific bands have been identified
for the accession from Kerala (2 RAPD markers), Neemuch-1 from Rajasthan (1 each of RAPD and ISSR markers) and the non-toxic
genotype from Mexico (17 RAPD and 4 ISSR markers), which serve as diagnostic markers in genotyping. The study indicates an
immediate need for widening the genetic base of J. curcas germplasm through introduction of accessions with broader geographical background. 相似文献
2.
Genetic Relationships in Malus Evaluated by RAPD 'Fingerprinting' of Cultivars and Wild Species 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies in Malus was investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets of Malus genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genus Malus. The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis that M. pumila and M. sylvestris were involved in the origin of the cultivated apples. 相似文献
3.
My. Hassan Sedra Philippe Lashermes Pierre Trouslot Marie-Christine Combes 《Euphytica》1998,103(1):75-82
Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars
from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The pre-screening of 123 primers
on four genotypes allowed selection of 19 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All 43 analysed
genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying accessions
of date palm. RAPD-based genetic distance was used to determine the relationships between the accessions. The grouping-association
identified by cluster analysis was rather weak. However, morphologically similar varieties clustered together. A relatively
low polymorphism and a lack of evident organisation are observed among the date palm varieties grown in Morocco. This could
be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the Moroccan date palm germplasm involving limited foundation germplasm,
exchange of cultivars between plantations, and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Genetic diversity in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) germplasm from Pakistan as determined by RAPDs 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Malik Ashiq Rabbani Aki Iwabuchi Yoshie Murakami Tohru Suzuki Kenji Takayanagi 《Euphytica》1998,103(2):235-242
The genetic diversity and the relationships among a collection of mustard (B. juncea) germplasm, including 41 accessions collected
from Pakistan, 6 oilseed cultivars/ lines and 5 Japanese vegetable cultivars, were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 198 polymorphic amplified products were obtained from 30 decamer primers. Of these, 14 were
unique to the accession PAK-85835 and 37 were specific to PAK-85839. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification
products, genetic similarity was estimated using similarity coefficients of Nei & Li (1979) and a dendrogram was constructed
using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities
placed most of the collected germplasm and oilseed cultivars/lines close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism
between the oilseed accessions collected in Pakistan. However, the clusters formed by the oilseed collections and cultivars
were distinct from those formed by the vegetable cultivars. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard in Pakistan
was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. The farmers' preference for more remunerative crops
and perhaps the close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated
that the RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationships and the patterns of variation among accessions
of this crop.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
The taxonomic characterisation of annual Beta germplasm in a genetic resources collection using RAPD markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Annual beets in the genus Beta section Beta represent an important genetic resource. Representative accessions of annual beets from a beet germplasm collection were analysed using RAPD to assess the patterns of variation and relationships among them. Using arbitrary primers, markers showing variation across accessions were identified. A dendrogram of similarity was produced using these molecular markers. All the accessions analysed were classified into three major groups corresponding to species or subspecies macrocarpa, adanensis and maritima. Macrocarpa was shown to be the most divergent group in this section. Using RAPD molecular markers, it was possible to ascribe an accession to one of three taxonomic groups and overcome much of the confusion encountered when morphological traits are used for identification. The group of maritima was found to be more polymorphic than either the group of macrocarpa or adanensis at both accession and subspecies levels. 相似文献
6.
Strawberry-cultivar Identification using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Accurate and rapid cultivar identification is important for breeders'-rights protection, especially for vegetatively propagated plants. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of developing cultivar-specific RAPD markers in commercial strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Dutch). Efforts were focused on distinguishing between two newly developed Volcani cultivars, ‘Ofra’ and ‘Dorit’, and six other cultivars, ‘Douglas’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Oso Grande’, ‘Dover’, ‘Nurit’ and ‘Parker’. Reproducible RAPD fingerprints were generated, each containing at least one polymorphic DNA product. A combination of 10 polymorphic DNA products exhibited cultivar-specific patterns enabling the distinction between closely related varieties, such as ‘Ofra’ (which is the progeny of ‘Dorit’ and ‘Parker’) and ‘Dorit’ (which is the progeny of ‘Nurit’ and ‘Dover’). This study shows that RAPD markers can help in the protection of breeders’ rights to strawberry cultivars. 相似文献
7.
The loquat’s adaptation to Spain has proved very successful. In the Valencia area, the crop has met with very good environmental
conditions for its development. Many new cultivars have been selected by growers and a European loquat germplasm collection
has been established in Valencia at IVIA. An efficient sampling as well as implementation of germplasm resources requires
the accurate identification of plant material. Molecular markers offer an effective tool for cultivar fingerprinting, estimation
of genetic similarity and relationships. In this study, as a tool for germplasm management, RAPD markers were tested. Thirty-six
primers were used to screen 33 cultivars. Twenty-three primers proved polymorphic. These primers generated 29 polymorphic
amplification fragments that were selected as markers. Twenty-two cultivars out of 33 were identified by unique combinations
of RAPD markers. Four different combinations were shared by two or more cultivars each. Cluster analysis based on the similarity
matrix obtained from Nei’s coefficient among cultivars showed groupings that agreed according to geographical and genetic
origin. RAPD technology was useful in distinguishing those cultivars obtained through hybridization but could not be used
to distinguish those obtained by selection of mutations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
The RAPD technique was used to identify genetic relationships in 19 accessions, including six species of the genus Chenopodium. A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA from 399 DNA markers. The molecular data clustered species and accessions into five different groups. Group 1 with three cultivated varieties of C. nuttalliae, Group 2 included eight cultivars and two wild varieties of C. quinoa, Group 3 with C. berlandieri and C. album, Group 4 with two accessions of C. pallidicaule, and Group 5 with 2 accessions of C. ambrosioides. The polymorphic patterns generated by RAPD profiles showed different degrees of genetic relationship among the species studied. A low level of intraspecific variation was found within the accessions of C. quinoa, C. nuttalliae, and C. pallidicaule. The RAPD markers were found to be a useful tool for detecting genetic variation within the genus Chenopodium. 相似文献
9.
Morphological traits and high resolution RAPD markers for the identification of the main strawberry varieties cultivated in Argentina 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Eight genotypes of the main Fragaria×ananassa cultivars grown in Argentina were analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique combined with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The high resolution of this procedure allowed the detection, with only 13 random primers, of 37 genotype‐specific bands that can be used as markers for verifying the identity of cultivars. By using this approach, three different accessions of the cultivar ‘Pájaro’ exhibited differences in amplification profiles, confirming the need for DNA analysis to prevent misidentification of cultivars. In addition, RAPD bands and morphological traits were used to assess genetic relatedness among cultivars. Comparison of both dendrograms revealed that there is no correlation between the clustering obtained with molecular and morphological characters. 相似文献
10.
The objectives of this study were to optimize RAPD and AFLP techniques in B. catharticus, and to determine the genetic variability of populations and commercial prairie grass cultivars with the aforementioned molecular
markers. Two populations with contrasting morphological characteristics were evaluated from individual and bulked DNA samples
using RAPD markers. Both analyses showed a similar information about inter population variability. Each accession was sampled
by a single leaf bulk of 10 plants. Accession similarities were established with 276 RAPD and 714 AFLP bands using Jaccard
similarity coefficient. The dendrogram of the accessions using RAPD markers showed that they shared high similarity values
(>94%). A similar result was obtained with AFLP markers (similarity values >98%), revealing a narrow genetic basis in the
analyzed accessions. Consequently, molecular characterization of germplasm should be considered in addition to morphological
criteria, to choose the parental genotypes for breeding programs of this forage crop. The AFLP technique was more efficient
to detect DNA polymorphism in our experiments and unique fingerprints were detected for all the accessions. RAPD is a simple
and non expensive technique, suitable to estimate genetic similarity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular characterization of 10 new radiomutants of chrysanthemum. The original cultivar ‘Richmond’ differed in genetic distance from its Lady group mutants. The analysis of genetic similarity indices revealed low diversity within the radiomutants. The dendrogram obtained after cluster analysis separated the new cultivars as a group that differed from the original cultivar ‘Richmond’. The Lady group cultivars, derived from one original cultivar by radiomutation, could be distinguished from each other by using RAPD markers of only a single primer or sets of two or three primers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis proved the efficiency of the RAPD method for DNA fingerprinting of the original cultivar ‘Richmond’ and its new radiomutants. 相似文献
12.
S. Sripaoraya N. W. Blackhall R. Marchant J. B. Power K. C. Lowe M. R. Davey 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):265-267
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to eight commercial cultivars of pineapple, two intergroup hybrids and two wild species. Morphologically, pineapple is divided into the Cayenne, Queen, Spanish, Maipure and Abacaxi groups. Members of the first three groups have been analysed in this study. The cultivars ‘Tradsithong’, ‘Phuket’, ‘Sawee’ and ‘Tainan’, with spiny leaves, form the Queen group. In ‘Pattavia’, ‘Nanglae’ and ‘Petburi no. 2’ (Cayenne group), spines are confined to the leaf tips. ‘Intrachitdang’ is normally placed in the Spanish group, which is morphologically similar to the Queen group, but with inferior quality fruit. DNA amplification products were compared from 16 arbitrary 10‐mer primers from which a dendrogram was constructed. The results confirmed morphological classifications for seven of the eight commercial cultivars, with the Queen and Cayenne groups as separate clusters. However, the cv. ‘Intrachitdang’ was more closely related to the Cayenne group. Two hybrids from reciprocal Cayenne × Queen group crosses, were more closely allied to the Queen group. The two wild species were outside the groups. RAPD analysis can be exploited to investigate relationships within pineapple germplasm. 相似文献
13.
利用RAPD标记鉴定大豆种质 总被引：49，自引：4，他引：49
本研究以５７个中国大豆祖先吕系及育成品种和１８个美国大豆祖先品系为ＤＮＡ样品来源，通过随机引物ＰＣＲ扩增基因组ＤＮＡ的多态性，探索利用ＲＡＰＤ标记鉴定和相关种质的可能性。研究结果表明，５０个１０摩尔随机引物共扩增可分辩产物２４６个，其中８２．４％的随机引物可产生多态性产物，所扩增产物的５４．４％至少在两个基因毒草境存在差异。上ＰＣＲ扩增产物分别以１和０记录存在与否。扩增产物间的成对比较可产生非相似 相似文献
14.
Ajay Pratap Singh Samresh Dwivedi Sudhakar Bharti Archana Srivastava Vandana Singh S.P.S. Khanuja 《Euphytica》2004,136(1):11-20
Genetic relationships were examined among thirty germplasm accessions belonging to five Ocimum species using RAPD markers. A very high degree of polymorphism (98.20%) was observed. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic similarity
indices grouped all the accessions into two major clusters corresponding to previously reported botanical sections. Intra-clustering
within the two clusters precisely grouped the accessions belonging to one species in one sub-cluster as expected from their
genetic background. Our results show that RAPD technique is a sensitive, precise and efficient tool for genomic analysis in
Ocimum species, that may be useful in future studies, by assigning new unclassified germplasm accessions to specific taxonomic groups
and reclassifying previously classified accessions of other Ocimum species by traditional criteria on a more objective basis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Summary Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species for temperate grassland agriculture. The level and distribution of genetic variation
in gene bank ecotype collections is still largely unknown but of great interest for the planning of breeding programs. The
objectives of this study were to (i) assess the molecular diversity of Polish ecotypes of perennial ryegrass, and (ii) compare
the relationship between this group and German ecotypes and European cultivars investigated previously. A total number of
166 polymorphic marker bands were detected among the 171 individual plants of the 9 Polish ecotypes. In a joint analysis with
9 Polish and 22 German ecotypes, and 22 European cultivars 172 polymorphic RAPD markers could be found. Genetic distance among
the Polish ecotypes ranged from 0.31 to 0.51, while for all 53 populations a broader range was detected (0.25–0.67). An analysis
of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a much larger variation within populations (71%) than among them (29%). The Polish
ecotypes contained the highest within population variation (74%). The largest among group difference (15%) was found between
the Polish ecotypes versus all other accessions. We conclude that the Polish ecotypes represent a valuable genetic resource
for enlarging the genetic variation in the West European germplasm pool of perennial ryegrass. 相似文献
16.
Summary Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been successfully employed to analyse the genetic diversity among cultivated and subspontaneous accessions of Coffea arabica. The narrow genetic base of commercial cultivars was confirmed. On the other hand, a relatively large genetic diversity was observed within the germplasm collection demonstrating the importance of collecting missions. Results suggested an East-West differentiation in Ethiopia, the primary centre of diversification of C. arabica. The large heterosis effect reported in intergroup hybrids could be related to such genetic differentiation. RAPD method appeared to be effective in resolving genetic variations and in grouping germplasm in C. arabica. 相似文献
17.
Survey of the Bru1 gene for brown rust resistance in Brazilian local and basic sugarcane germplasm 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ana Caroline Neuber Fernanda Raquel Camilo dos Santos Juliana Borges da Costa Maicon Volpin Mauro Alexandre Xavier Dilermando Perecin Roberto Carlos Villavicencio Burbano Marcos Guimarães de Andrade Landell Luciana Rossini Pinto 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):182-187
Bru1 is currently the major gene conferring brown rust resistance in sugarcane, and diagnostic markers are available. A survey for the presence of this gene was conducted on 391 genotypes including Brazilian cultivars, clones and basic germplasm. The efficiency of these markers for identifying resistant cultivars and artificially inoculated basic germplasm was also evaluated. The Bru1 frequency among cultivars (73.5%) suggests this gene is the prevalent source of brown rust resistance in Brazilian sugarcane breeding programmes. Most of the cultivars known to be resistant were positive for Bru1, although other genes for resistance could be present in lines not having Bru1. Only 17.8% of the basic germplasm accessions were positive for the Bru1 gene, and a low correlation between Bru1 diagnostic markers and brown rust severity was observed for basic germplasm accessions. Overall, Bru1 diagnostic markers proved to be efficient identifying resistant cultivars and clones and have potential to be in screening brown rust resistance in Brazilian breeding programmes. 相似文献
18.
S.-J. Kwon W.-G. Ha H.-G. Hwang S.-J. Yang H.-C. Choi H.-P. Moon S.-N. Ahn 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):487-492
Improving grain yield and quality of ‘Tongil’‐type rice (indica/japonica) continues to be a major breeding objective in Korea. In this study, genetic divergence among 13‘Tongil’‐type rice cultivars was evaluated and the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance in all possible nonreciprocal crosses between them assessed. The 78 F1 hybrids together with the 13 parents were evaluated for eight traits of agronomic importance, including yield, in a replicated field trial. The 13 parents were examined for DNA polymorphism using 71 micro‐satellite or simple sequence repeats and 46 random decamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 319 polymorphic variants were generated and, based on the polymorphism data, genetic distances (GDs) ranged from 0.021 to 0.437. Cluster analysis based on GDs revealed associations among cultivars which was in agreement with the pedigree data. Heterosis was observed in hybrids for most of the traits, and yield exhibited the highest heterosis among the eight traits examined. The correlation values of GDs with F1 performance were mostly nonsignificant, except for yield, culm length and spikelets per panicle. The correlations of GDs with midparent and better‐parent heterosis were not significant enough to be of predictive value. These results indicate that GDs based on the microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers may not be useful for predicting heterotic combinations in ‘Tongil’‐type rice and support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and genetic divergence is dependent on the germplasm used. 相似文献
19.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to develop genetic fingerprints and analyse genetic relationships among 29 Ipomoea accessions from different geographical locations around the world, including unique wild species, and reproducible profiles were obtained for all accessions using random decamer primers. The primers generated 46 polymorphic markers, one primer alone having 10 products, enabling the discrimination of all 29 accessions. A high level of genetic variability in sweet potato collections was suggested by the degree of polymorphism. Half of the Japanese land races were closely related while accessions from Papua New Guinea and The Philippines were distinct and exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The wild species Ipomoea gracilis and Ipomoea tiliacea formed a group distinct from the cultivated sweet potato. The wild tetraploid accession K233 and the species Ipomoea trifida were progressively more related genetically to the cultivated sweet potato and are the probable progenitors of Ipomoea batatas, and may be suitable as germplasm for genetic enhancement. RAPDs proved to be useful for sweet potato systematics and should be valuable for germplasm management, gene tagging and efficient choice of parents in breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
P.S. Virk J. Zhu H.J. Newbury G.J. Bryan M.T. Jackson B.V. Ford-Lloyd 《Euphytica》2000,112(3):275-284
We have examined the effectiveness of similar numbers of markers from four molecular marker systems (AFLP, isozymes, ISSR
and RAPD) for revealing genetic diversity and discriminating between infraspecific groups of Oryza sativa germplasm. Each marker system classifies the germplasm into three major groups (most effectively with isozymes and AFLPs),
but with differences (primarily with ISSR) between the precise classifications generated. However, at the highest levels of
genetic similarity there was only partial agreement as to relationships between individual accessions when different markers
were used. When variance was partitioned among and within the three subspecific groups, although the differences were not
significant, greater variation was found among than within groups using AFLP and isozymes, with the reverse for RAPD and ISSR.
Measurement of polymorphism using average heterozygosity and effective number of alleles gave similar results for each marker
system. These results are discussed in relation to various genetic resources conservation activities, and the advisability
of extrapolating to other sets of germplasm particularly of other crop species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献