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1.
Heterogeneity of random amplified polymorphic DNA sequences in individual seedlings and bulked samples of four cultivars of Brassica napus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using four different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the level of DNA sequence heterogeneity present in the seedlings of four representative Australian rapeseed cultivars. It was found that, depending upon the primer/cultivar combination, the seedlings diverged from total homogeneity to almost complete heterogeneity. The increase or decrease of sample-specific RAPD sequences was evaluated in proportional mixtures of DNA from individual seedlings. These results were then compared with those obtained from bulked DNA samples containing DNA from all the seedlings of a cultivar. From these comparisons, it was found that for a specific RAPD to be detectable in a bulked sample, the particular polymorphism had to be present in at least 15% of the individual seedlings. Even so, the bulked samples produced cultivar-specific RAPD banding patterns with all four primers, showing that any of these primers could be used to identify the different rapeseed cultivars. In contrast to the cultivars ‘Oscar’, ‘Dunkeld’ and ‘Narendra’, the cultivar ‘Rainbow’ was found to be highly heterogeneous—as shown by a diversity of RAPD combinations rather than the presence of differing length RAPDs—and it is suggested that this heterogeneity may be related to the improved tolerance of this cultivar to blackleg infection. 相似文献
2.
Morphological traits and high resolution RAPD markers for the identification of the main strawberry varieties cultivated in Argentina 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Eight genotypes of the main Fragaria×ananassa cultivars grown in Argentina were analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique combined with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The high resolution of this procedure allowed the detection, with only 13 random primers, of 37 genotype‐specific bands that can be used as markers for verifying the identity of cultivars. By using this approach, three different accessions of the cultivar ‘Pájaro’ exhibited differences in amplification profiles, confirming the need for DNA analysis to prevent misidentification of cultivars. In addition, RAPD bands and morphological traits were used to assess genetic relatedness among cultivars. Comparison of both dendrograms revealed that there is no correlation between the clustering obtained with molecular and morphological characters. 相似文献
3.
Random amplified polymorphic DN A (RAPD) markers were generated from 13 cultivars and accessions of Cannabis sativa L. Approximately 200 fragments generated by 10 primers of arbitrary sequence were used to assess the level of DNA variation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of the accessions according to the cluster analysis was in good agreement with their origin and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. Principal coordinates 1 and 2 revealed a clear separation of Italian and Hungarian germplasm and a third group, including a mixture of genotypes coming from different places; the third coordinate separated the Korean group which is probably the most divergent germplasm. Variability within the two cultivars ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Fibranova1’ was also shown, suggesting good possibilities for long–term selection work. RAPD markers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of genetic variation in cultivars/accessions of hemp. 相似文献
4.
RAPD-based detection of genomic instability in soybean plants derived from somatic embryogenesis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic stability of regenerants of soybean plants obtained through somatic embryogenesis using 180 μM 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxy acetic acid. Twenty primers were used to screen 44 regenerants from the cultivar ‘Spring’ and 28 from the cultivar ‘CAC‐1’. Three primers were polymorphic for two of the ‘Spring’‐derived regenerants, with a somaclonal frequency of 4.5%. Four primers were polymorphic for the ‘CAC’‐l‐derived regenerant, with a somaclonal frequency of 3.57%. The results indicate the usefulness of RAPD markers to detect genetic instability in soybean primary regenerant plants derived from somatic embryogenesis, and as a certification tool for monitoring genetic stability during the regeneration process. 相似文献
5.
Strawberry-cultivar Identification using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Accurate and rapid cultivar identification is important for breeders'-rights protection, especially for vegetatively propagated plants. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of developing cultivar-specific RAPD markers in commercial strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Dutch). Efforts were focused on distinguishing between two newly developed Volcani cultivars, ‘Ofra’ and ‘Dorit’, and six other cultivars, ‘Douglas’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Oso Grande’, ‘Dover’, ‘Nurit’ and ‘Parker’. Reproducible RAPD fingerprints were generated, each containing at least one polymorphic DNA product. A combination of 10 polymorphic DNA products exhibited cultivar-specific patterns enabling the distinction between closely related varieties, such as ‘Ofra’ (which is the progeny of ‘Dorit’ and ‘Parker’) and ‘Dorit’ (which is the progeny of ‘Nurit’ and ‘Dover’). This study shows that RAPD markers can help in the protection of breeders’ rights to strawberry cultivars. 相似文献
6.
7.
Harsukh Popatbhai Gajera Rinkal Kishorbhai Domadiya Sunil Vrajlal Patel Baljibhai Arjanbhai Golakiya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):79-88
The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 — small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L — big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP-90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes. 相似文献
8.
贵州地方茶树品种资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为培育特色优良品种,采用RAPD分子标记对贵州4个地方茶树品种群体的遗传差异进行分析。结果显示,‘贵定鸟王茶’、‘都匀毛尖茶’、‘湄潭苔茶’和‘石阡苔茶’品种群体内种质间遗传距离的变幅较大,分别为0.1792~0.8328、0.1745~0.8518、0.1480~0.6507、0.1516~0.8691,Nei’s基因多样性与Shannon信息指数及品种内RPAD谱带多态性显示它们的遗传多样性依次降低。4个地方群体品种遗传多样性丰富,遗传变异主要发生在群体内。 相似文献
9.
The loquat’s adaptation to Spain has proved very successful. In the Valencia area, the crop has met with very good environmental
conditions for its development. Many new cultivars have been selected by growers and a European loquat germplasm collection
has been established in Valencia at IVIA. An efficient sampling as well as implementation of germplasm resources requires
the accurate identification of plant material. Molecular markers offer an effective tool for cultivar fingerprinting, estimation
of genetic similarity and relationships. In this study, as a tool for germplasm management, RAPD markers were tested. Thirty-six
primers were used to screen 33 cultivars. Twenty-three primers proved polymorphic. These primers generated 29 polymorphic
amplification fragments that were selected as markers. Twenty-two cultivars out of 33 were identified by unique combinations
of RAPD markers. Four different combinations were shared by two or more cultivars each. Cluster analysis based on the similarity
matrix obtained from Nei’s coefficient among cultivars showed groupings that agreed according to geographical and genetic
origin. RAPD technology was useful in distinguishing those cultivars obtained through hybridization but could not be used
to distinguish those obtained by selection of mutations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Development and variability analysis of microsatellite markers in peach 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
A genomic DNA library enriched with AG/CT repeats has been developed from the peach cultivar ‘Merrill O'Henry’. The enrichment method was efficient, with 61% of the clones obtained carrying a microsatellite sequence and a yield of one polymorphic microsatellite every 2.17 sequenced clones. From 35 microsatellites detected, 24 were polymorphic in a set of 25 cultivars including 14 peaches and 11 nectarines. A total of 82 alleles were found with the polymorphic microsatellites, with an average of a 37% of observed heterozygosity. Microsatellites with a high number of repeats were generally those having the largest number of alleles. All cultivars except two (‘Spring Lady’ and ‘Queencrest’) could be individually distinguished with the markers used. Just three selected microsatellites were enough for the discrimination of 24 out of the 25 possible genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped all nectarines in a single cluster. Peaches, with 75 of the 82 alleles found, were more variable than nectarines, with only 64. Microsatellites appear to be powerful and suitable markers for application in peach genetics and breeding. 相似文献
11.
Prasert Kongkiatngam Marcia J. Waterway Bruce E. Coulman Marc G. Fortin 《Euphytica》1996,89(3):355-361
Summary The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers obtained from bulked samples was investigated for cultivar identification in red clover. Pooled samples were examined in order to minimize variation within cultivars. To determine the appropriate number of individuals to include in the bulked samples representing each cultivar, DNA samples from two, three, four, five, ten and twenty individuals were pooled. Twenty was found to be an appropriate number of red clover individuals per bulk in order to amplify only the DNA sequences shared among most individuals in each cultivar. Fourteen 10-mer primers were used to amplify genomic DNA from combined leaf samples of 15 red clover cultivars from European, Japanese and North American origins. A total of 79 amplified products, of which 55 were polymorphic, was obtained. Cultivar-specific bands were observed with 13 primers. The amplification patterns obtained from two primers could distinguish all 15 red clover cultivars. Rogers' genetic distances for all 105 pairwise comparisons were calculated to evaluate relationships among these cultivars. Cluster analysis based on these genetic distances separated these 15 cultivars into three groups, with two of the groups consisting of a single Japanese cultivar each, while the third group included cultivars from European, North American, and Japanese origins. 相似文献
12.
宁夏枣树品种品系的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
摘 要： 应用基因组DNA-AFLP分子标记技术,对原产宁夏回族自治区的8个枣树品种品系和原产甘肃靖远县的1个枣树品种的亲缘关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,5对引物（E1/M12、E1/M4、E4/M11、E2/M10和E5/M4）扩增出了466条带,其中多态性条带为130条,多态性比率达27.89%,表明遗传多样性不是很丰富。聚类结果证明灵武长枣2号与中卫大枣、同心圆枣聚为一类,彼此间近缘关系较近,而与灵武长枣品种的亲缘关系较远,是一个新种质;同心圆枣与中卫大枣的遗传距离仅为0.015,亲缘关系最近,是同物异名。 相似文献
13.
一串红品种（系）遗传多样性RADP分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
tianyelin@sina.com 《中国农学通报》2006,22(5):76-76
(农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室/北京农学院园林系,北京102206) 相似文献
14.
我国短季棉品种的RAPD指纹图谱分析 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38
本文选用了１８个随机引物，对２５个我国主要的短季棉品作物了ＲＡＰＤ多态分析。 各品种的指纹图谱进行了矛类和相似性分析。结果表明，大部分短季棉品种与其系谱吻合。主要从来自美国的金字棉口选育而成，它再次反映了我国现在推广的短季棉品种遗传基因比较狭窄，亟等发掘新的早熟棉基因资源。研究结果可对杂种优势利用的亲本选配提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): Comparisons of morphological,isozyme, and RAPD markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variation within and between cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important temperate forage legume. Two cultivars of red clover, Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada, were evaluated. Six monogenic morphological characters were observed for 80 plants from each of these two cultivars. All six morphological loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Essi whereas only four loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Ottawa. Forty plants from each cultivar were assayed for isozyme markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. Thirteen and nine of these loci were polymorphic in Essi and Ottawa, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Seventeen random 10-mer primers were screened for RAPD markers. Nine primers which gave clear and consistent amplified products were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. One hundred and eight of 116 putative loci were polymorphic in Essi and 90 of 98 loci were polymorphic in Ottawa. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. This high polymorphism makes these markers useful for germplasm characterization and genetic studies in red clover. 相似文献
16.
越橘种质资源的CDDP遗传多样性及聚类分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
分析保守DNA序列多态性(CDDP)标记在蓝莓中的分布及其与生物性状之间的联系,为蓝莓种质的科学评价和合理开发提供理论指导及技术支持。通过筛选多态性丰富的CDDP引物,对32份蓝莓种质资源的基因组DNA进行扩增,根据统计结果分析品种的遗传多样性及聚类关系。共筛选出17条多态性高、产物清晰易辨的CDDP引物。32份样品共检测到207条带,其中多态性条带188条,比例为90.82%,特异条带17条,比例为8.21%。可以用2条引物组合完全区分32种蓝莓。在种群水平上,有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数分别为1.59、0.37和0.56。样本间的遗传相似系数范围在0.44~1.00之间,平均为0.73。在相似系数为0.69时,32个蓝莓种质分为3类,野生种笃斯越桔单独聚为一类,矮丛品种‘Blomidon’和半高丛品种‘Northblue’聚为一类,其他品种聚为一大类。CDDP标记在蓝莓中具有较高的多态性及特异性,与种质的需冷量、抗寒性及果实颜色具有一定的相关性。CDDP技术可有效用于蓝莓种质资源遗传多样性分析、品种鉴定及分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
17.
Three widely used cultivars of each of the species Festuca pratensis Huds., Lolium perenne L., and Dactylis glomerata L. were
investigated by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and vegetative growth traits in order to investigate
genetic variability within each cultivar and to compare the level of diversity among cultivars and species. RAPD markers allowed
a clear separation of the three species. Genetic variability based on RAPD markers was considerably lower for F. pratensis
cultivars than for L. perenne and D. glomerata cultivars which showed similar levels of variability. The proportion of variability
due to variation within cultivars, determined by an analysis of molecular variance, was lower in F. pratensis (64.6%) than
in L. perenne (82.4%) and D. glomerata (85.1%). A comparison of F. pratensis and L. perenne, based on vegetative growth traits,
confirmed the differences in genetic variability within cultivars. F. pratensis showed lower coefficients of genetic variation
for eight of ten traits when compared to L. perenne. This study demonstrates considerable differences in genetic variability
which may have consequences for the adaptability and persistency of individual cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Twenty two RAPD and 22 ISSR markers were evaluated for their potential use in determination of genetic relationships in chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars and breeding lines. We were able to identify six chickpea cultivars/breeding lines by cultivar-specific markers.
All of the cultivars tested displayed a different phenotype generated either by the RAPD or ISSR primers. Though ISSR primers
generated less markers than RAPD primers, the ISSR primers produced higher levels of polymorphism (% of polymorphic markers
per primer) than RAPD primers. A high level of within cultivar homogeneity was observed in chickpea. Cultivars/breeding lines
originating from a common genetic background showed closer genetic relationship. Chickpea lines with similar seed type(kabuli
or desi) had a tendency to cluster together.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Hiroyuki Kawahigashi Hiroshi Mizuno Tsuyu Ando Jun-ichi Yonemaru Shigemitsu Kasuga 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(3):600-607
Some sorghum cultivars are sensitive to organophosphate insecticides, which cause red to purple injury spots and, in severe cases, leaf death. Sensitivity to organophosphates is conditioned by a single locus on chromosome 5. We constructed a high-density genetic map around the locus, termed osr, using DNA markers, and delimited osr to a 377-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 5. Sequence analysis of this region predicted 19 gene candidates. Four of the candidates are homologous to a disease resistance NBS-LRR gene. mRNA-Seq analysis of gene expression and SNPs from two resistant cultivars (‘JN43’ and ‘Greenleaf’) and one sensitive cultivar (‘Nakei MS3B’) suggest that one or more members of this NBS-LRR gene family are osr. Our results suggested that the recessive allele of osr results in sensitivity to OP insecticides. 相似文献
20.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied in purity control of hybrid seed production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). DNA from three commercial F1-hybrid cultivars and their parental lines was subjected to RAPD screening with 50 primers. Two of four primers which detected polymorphism between the parents tested, generated paternal-specific RAPDs, enabling a clear distinction to be made between hybrids and their maternal parents. In addition, combination of the polymorphic DNA products generated by these primers exhibited hybrid-specific patterns, enabling each cultivar to be identified. This result indicates the practical usefulness of RAPD markers in hybrid-tomato-seed purity-control tests and cultivar identification. The approach is advantageous in its rapidity and simplicity, particularly as an alternative for those cultivars for which lengthy and costly phenotypic tests are currently used. 相似文献