共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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太子河流域鱼类组成及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2012年9月对太子河流域39个采样点的鱼类群落结构和环境因子特征进行野外调查,并运用香农威纳指数、均匀度指数和典范对应分析等方法分析鱼类的群落结构。结果表明;共采集到7目35种鱼类,鲤形目为优势种类,各采样点鱼类个体数量平均值为164.97尾,香农维纳指数平均值为2.56,均匀度指数平均值为0.82,物种丰富度指数平均值为1.38。典范对应分析表明:影响鱼类群落的主要环境因子是总氮、河宽和溶解氧,太子河流域受到了一定程度的干扰。 相似文献
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2012年9月对太子河流域39个采样点的底栖动物群落和水体环境因子特征进行野外调查,并运用香农威纳指数、均匀度指数和典范对应分析等方法分析底栖动物的群落结构。结果表明:在太子河流域共采集到底栖动物61种,以双翅目、蜉蝣目为主,各采样点底栖动物平均密度为0.64×10~3ind/m~2,平均生物量为20.03g/m~2,香农威纳指数和均匀度指数平均值分别为2.14和0.52。典范对应分析表明:影响太子河流域底栖动物群落的主要水体环境因子是总氮、流量和氨氮。综合分析得出:太子河流域受到了轻度污染。 相似文献
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底栖硅藻能够较好地响应河流水环境变化,其群落物种组成与分布已被广泛应用于河流水质与生态状况的指示与评估。为了解流溪河底栖硅藻群落结构的时空异质性及其受河流水文与水质的影响,从上游到下游共设置了 20个样点,于2018年3月、6月、9月和12月进行季节采样和观测,采集底栖硅藻,同步测定了水体理化因子;在分析群落组成的基础上,进一步探究河流环境变量和空间变量对流溪河底栖硅藻群落的影响。结果表明,4次调查共检 出底栖硅藻276种,隶属于2纲、6目、9科、55属,底栖硅藻多样性具有明显的时空差异。在季节上,丰水期的物种丰 富度和真辛普森多样性指数高于枯水期。枯水期曲壳藻科的相对丰度超过50%,高于丰水期;而舟形藻科在丰水期 时相对丰度比枯水期高。在空间上,三级河流物种多样性最高,一级河流物种多样最低;一级河流和二级河流的优 势种主要以曲丝藻属的种类为主,三级河流的优势种主要以菱形藻属的种类为主。随着河流等级增加,曲壳藻科相 对丰度降低,而菱形藻科的相对丰度逐渐升高。冗余分析（RDA）表明,环境选择和空间要素对流溪河硅藻群落结构 均有显著影响,但营养盐水平比空间要素有更高的解释率。 相似文献
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为了解南昌市面积1 km2以上湖泊的鱼类群落结构及其物种多样性特征,探究影响湖泊鱼类群落结构空间分布的环境因子,于2019-2020年在南昌市13个湖泊进行了鱼类资源调查。结果显示,采集到的39种鱼类隶属5目、9科、33属;优势种以鲫（Carassius auratus）、?（Hemiculter leucisclus）为主;不同湖泊的鱼类群落结构被划分为3个类群,与湖泊功能定位密切相关。鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数值平均值为2.15,丰富度指数平均值为2.97,均匀度指数平均值为0.92,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数与湖泊面积、水深、pH和透明度存在显著的相关性。冗余分析（RDA）表明,水深、pH、总氮和氨氮是引起鱼类群落结构在南昌市不同湖泊间差异的主要影响因子,人为活动干扰可能对调查区域内湖泊的鱼类群落结构和生物多样性特征施加影响。 相似文献
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松花江哈尔滨段冰下浮游生物群落结构与环境因子的相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于典范对应分析(CCA)对松花江哈尔滨段冬季冰下浮游生物的群落结构与水环境因子进行了相关分析,以揭示调查江段冰下浮游生物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,在松花江哈尔滨段冰下共发现了6门30种属浮游植物,密度均值为16.32×104ind/L,生物量均值为0.1579mg/L,优势种中优势度较高的颗粒直链藻最窄变种Melosira granulate var.angustissima是典型的污染指示种;浮游动物鉴定有4类15种属,密度均值为31ind/L、生物量均值为0.09mg/L,主要优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫Brachionus calyciflorus是常见的冰下优势轮虫;浮游生物兼有冬季北方河流特点和轻度污染河流特征。CCA分析显示,上、中、下游浮游生物的群落结构与环境因子相关性差异较大。影响冰下浮游植物分布格局的重要环境因子为溶解氧、硝酸盐氮、钾离子和浮游动物的数量;亚硝酸盐氮、钙离子、总磷是影响水域冰下浮游动物分布的重要环境因子。 相似文献
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应用稳定同位素技术研究崂山湾夏季鱼类群落的摄食生态 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
崂山湾是黄海沿岸众多海湾之一,也是当前增殖放流的重要水域,研究该区域鱼类群落结构及其食物网结构,有着非常重要的生态意义和实用价值。本研究根据2014年6月和8月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析该海域夏季鱼类群落的优势种组成,并通过测定稳定同位素对其摄食生态进行研究。结果表明,崂山湾夏季鱼类群落的优势鱼种共有10种,包括六丝矛尾鳅虎鱼、中华栉孔鳅虎鱼、红狼牙鳅虎鱼、皮氏叫姑鱼、白姑鱼、小黄鱼、绿鳍鱼、短吻红舌鳎、斑鲨和赤鼻棱鳀;夏季崂山湾不同月份鱼类群落的优势种组成差异较大。各优势鱼种间δ13C值存在显著差异,结合胃含物分析结果表明6月鱼类群落食物的主要来源均为底层饵料,而8月鱼类群落的食物来源则更广泛。崂山湾夏季2个月鱼类群落的优势鱼种间的δ15N值均存在显著差异,最大分别相差4.61‰和3.70‰。崂山湾6月鱼类群落的优势种包括了中营养级鱼类和高营养级鱼类,鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.90,主要是底栖动物食性鱼类;而8月鱼类群落的优势种包括了低营养级鱼类和中营养级鱼类,鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.37,包括浮游动物食性和底栖动物食性2种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。线性回归分析表明崂山湾夏季10种优势鱼种除皮氏叫姑鱼、斑鲨、短吻红舌鳎和绿鳍鱼的营养级与体长无线性相关外,其余优势鱼种的营养级均与体长呈显著的正相关。这主要由于它们随着体长的增加,摄食高营养级的饵料增加,低营养级的饵料减少,自身的营养级也随之升高。 相似文献
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原生动物是一类单细胞真核生物，种类繁多，分布广泛，生命周期短，对环境变化反应敏锐，是水生态系统微生物食物网、物质循环和能量流动中的重要结构和功能组成部分。青海湖作为我国最大的内陆咸水湖，是维系青藏高原生态安全的重要水体，是世界高原内陆湖泊湿地类型的典型代表。为了探究青海湖流域原生动物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系，本研究于2020年8月对青海湖流域的入湖河流、湖滨带、主湖区及子湖共32个样点进行水环境样品采集，共获得水体样品95份，利用宏基因组测序技术和生物信息学方法从分子水平开展了该流域原生动物多样性和群落结构及其影响因素研究。主要结果如下：（1）共注释到176个原生动物分类单元（Operational Taxonomic Units，OTU），隶属于12门19纲43目61科72属；（2）青海湖流域原生动物多样性为入湖河流＞湖滨带＞子湖＞主湖区，且四类水体环境原生动物群落结构存在显著差异；（3）原生动物群落受水体酸碱度、盐度、水温、溶解性总固体、浊度、总氮、总磷等环境因子的影响；（4）原生动物与其他浮游生物共现网络从入湖河流、湖滨带、子湖到主湖区，模块性逐渐变低，生物类群间的互作网络逐渐碎片化。本文通过高通量测序方法对青海湖流域的原生动物进行了摸底调查，为将来青海湖流域水生态环境健康评估和监测提供依据。 相似文献
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鱼类是湖泊食物网中的重要消费者, 占据食物网多个营养级。通过食物网营养级联效应, 鱼类对湖泊生物群落结构和水环境可产生重要影响。本研究以长江中下游浅水湖泊——傀儡湖为例, 研究了基于不同饵料类群渔产潜力估算前提下食鱼性鱼类、滤食性鱼类、碎屑食性鱼类的组合放养技术, 并探讨了底层杂食性鱼类针对性捕捞的复合调控策略对傀儡湖鱼类群落结构、沉水植物群落和水质产生的影响, 旨在揭示鱼类群落调控在优化湖泊生态系统结构方面的重要作用, 为湖泊生态修复提供新的思路和手段。 相似文献
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2009年9月和2010年5月在湑水河流域对鱼类资源进行了调查,共捕获鱼类4目、10科、29种;湑水河上游太白段以山区溪流冷水型鱼类为主,种类较少;下游城固段海拔低,鱼类种类相对上游河段丰富.不同河段在不同季节的鱼类组成和质量密度有显著差异.与相邻山区的河流相比,湑水河鱼类资源较为丰富,但目前外部因素已经开始影响鱼类的生存与繁衍,河流污染和其他人为干扰可能对该流域鱼类造成不可逆转的生态影响. 相似文献
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Abstract – Fish abundance data from a fish population study (1957–2000) on the Illinois River, IL, USA were used to assess community structure. There was considerable variability among reaches and years, but three distinct fish communities were identified encompassing both temporal and spatial aspects. Temporal community shifts in the upper half of the river created two distinct fish communities, one prior to 1983 and the other after 1983. This is believed to be in response to improved water quality, albeit the responses were delayed for several years after policy implementation. The third group (Lower River) was spatially separated from the two upper river groups. These differences may reflect a combination of water quality (e.g., pollution) and habitat issues (e.g., geomorphology), common to many regulated rivers. Fish community responses in larger rivers may have considerable temporal lags after implementation of management or restoration activities that warrant strong consideration during any planning process. 相似文献
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Multiple watershed alterations influence fish community structure in Great Plains prairie streams 
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下载免费PDF全文 Joshuah S. Perkin Matthew J. Troia Dustin C.R. Shaw Joseph E. Gerken Keith B. Gido 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(1):141-155
Stream fish distributions are commonly linked to environmental disturbances affecting terrestrial landscapes. In Great Plains prairie streams, the independent and interactive effects of watershed impoundments and land cover changes remain poorly understood despite their prevalence and assumed contribution to declining stream fish diversity. We used structural equation models and fish community samples from third‐order streams in the Kansas River and Arkansas River basins of Kansas, USA to test the simultaneous effects of geographic location, terrestrial landscape alteration, watershed impoundments and local habitat on species richness for stream‐associated and impoundment‐associated habitat guilds. Watershed impoundment density increased from west to east in both basins, while per cent altered terrestrial landscape (urbanisation + row‐crop agriculture) averaged ~50% in the west, declined throughout the Flint Hills ecoregion and increased (Kansas River basin ~80%) or decreased (Arkansas River basin ~30%) to the east. Geographic location had the strongest effect on richness for both guilds across basins, supporting known zoogeography patterns. In addition to location, impoundment species richness was positively correlated with local habitat in both basins; whereas stream‐species richness was negatively correlated with landscape alterations (Kansas River basin) or landscape alterations and watershed impoundments (Arkansas River basin). These findings suggest that convergences in the relative proportions of impoundment and stream species (i.e., community structure) in the eastern extent of both basins are related to positive effects of increased habitat opportunities for impoundment species and negative effects caused by landscape alterations (Kansas River basin) or landscape alterations plus watershed impoundments (Arkansas River basin) for stream species. 相似文献
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1. The aim of this paper is to assess the usefulness of surveying young fish assemblages in tributaries of the Sinnamary River (French Guiana, South America) as a means of assessing fish species diversity and monitoring environmental change in a neotropical river subjected to hydrodam operations. 2. This work confirms that the tributaries of the Sinnamary River are nurseries for more than half the fish species present in the river. 3. It shows that in natural conditions the young fish assemblages at the beginning of the dry season are overwhelmingly dominated by Characiformes, but that species of other orders are favoured in the impacted sections. 4. This study confirms that the evaluation of the reproductive success of the different fish species over large river stretches at the end of the rainy season appears to be an appropriate method for detecting the immediate effects of flow disturbances on fish communities. 5. The results suggest that it is more informative and less time‐consuming to consider the abundance of juveniles only, and to group them at the order level instead of calculating diversity indices. 6. The relative abundance of Characiformes juveniles at the end of the rainy season seems a cost‐efficient way of assessing the hydrological impact of the dam on the Sinnamary River, and this may be the case for other neotropical rivers where these methods may be generally applicable. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal patterns in fish community structure and abundance in the largest U.S. river swamp,the Atchafalaya River floodplain,Louisiana 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Long‐term monitoring is critical for documenting population and community trends and for management, especially in large river‐floodplain ecosystems that provide important services. Levees have reduced active floodplains in most large rivers, but connectivity in some reaches could promote community resilience. Using multivariate tools and regression, we examined spatial and temporal structure in fish community samples from two decades (>1000 samples, >100 sites) in one of the largest relatively intact river‐floodplain ecosystems in North America – the Atchafalaya River (ARB), Louisiana. Assemblages exhibited significant structure temporally and spatially, with most substantial effects of year and hydrologic subdivisions; however, season and water level also influenced community structure. Temporal trends in communities were limited to few areas, while declines in species richness were more widespread; however, rarefied richness trends suggested that declines were slight. Recent and long‐term declines in abundance of economically important species (e.g., Black Crappie, Largemouth Bass, Bigmouth Buffalo) and increases in others (e.g., Smallmouth Buffalo, Blue Catfish, Freshwater Drum) drove differences among time periods. Our results suggest that the hydrologic subdivisions of the ARB may be an appropriate scale at which to manage fish populations, hydrology and water quality. Although we could not account for several important factors affecting fish communities in the ARB (e.g., hurricanes, major floods), and were limited by sampling variability, our findings highlight the utility of long‐term datasets from large river‐floodplain ecosystems for identifying important scales for management, determining species contributions to community change and forming hypotheses about anthropogenic and environmental drivers of variation in fish communities. 相似文献
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分析锦江、袁河鱼类群落结构与种类多样性的时空动态特征,以期为鱼类资源的管理与保护提供科学依据,并为深入研究赣江流域的鱼类多样性及梯级枢纽运行的生态调度奠定基础。2014年3月-2015年2月,按季节对锦江的高安、上高江段和袁河的宜春、新余江段渔获物进行调查,调查渔具以刺网(网目规格分别为200、120、80、40和20 mm)和电拖网为主。调查期间共采集鱼类3目11科47属67种,种类以鲤科为主,占68.66%。锦江3目7科36属51种,袁河3目10科32属36种;银鲴、鲫、银鮈、蛇鮈为锦江的优势种,银鮈、彩石鳑鲏、鲫、棒花鱼为袁河的优势种;鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均表现为锦江略高于袁河;丰度生物量比较曲线显示,锦江的鱼类群落结构处于中度干扰状态,而袁河的处于严重干扰状态。锦江和袁河的鱼类群落与种类多样性存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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Jose Luis Poveda-Cuellar Edwin Orlando Lpez Delgado Pamela Tatiana Zúiga-Upegui Francisco Antonio Villa Navarro 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2022,31(1):87-101
Understanding the mechanisms that structure communities have been a major challenge in ecological theory. Functional trait-based approaches are increasingly used for studying the processes underlying community assembly. However, species-poor systems of Andean streams these processes are largely unknown. Tropical Andean streams are highly variable in space-time and characterised by the harsh or stable environment, resulting in a high taxonomic and ecological diversity. In this study, we tested the influence of environmental variables on the fish functional structure. We proposed that in ecosystems with harsh environments, environmental filtering will structure fish assemblages, and in ecosystems with a more stable environment, limiting similarity will prevail, increasing functional diversity. We analysed fish assemblages using functional diversity indices, fourth-corner RLQ analyses and multiple regression models. Environmental variables such as altitude, stream width, sub-Andean vegetation and pH influenced functional diversity. For instance, high values of functional redundancy were registered at high elevation streams, reflecting fish assemblages composed of highly dominant species with similar functional traits such as species of the genus Astroblepus. However, we found differences between Astroblepus species in the number and distance of gill rakers which might indicate resource partitioning and coexistence. On the other hand, our results show both stochastic dynamics and environmental filtering are structuring fish assemblages in low and high elevation Andean streams respectively. 相似文献
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长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区位于向家坝坝下江段，随着金沙江下游梯级水电站相继蓄水运行和“十年禁渔”政策的实施，保护区干流段鱼类群落可能会发生改变。为探究“十年禁渔”前保护区干流段鱼类群落结构特征，基于该江段2017—2019年渔获物监测数据，对鱼类种类组成、生态类型、群落相似度、物种优势度、生物多样性以及群落结构稳定性等特征进行分析。结果显示，本次调查共采集到鱼类134种，隶属于7目21科83属，其中长江上游特有鱼类有27种，外来物种有12种，分别占总种类数20.15%和8.96%。鱼类群落以底层、产沉性卵、杂食性鱼类为主。等级聚类分析(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示，在一定的相似性水平上，保护区干流段鱼类的群落类型基本可分为3组，宜宾、泸州与合江可以聚为一组，巴南、江津分别独立成组。保护区干流优势种共有14种，其中瓦氏黄颡鱼是整个研究区域的优势种，在合江站点的优势度最高，IRI值为27.00%。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数变化范围分别为2.725～3.306、0.883～0.942、5.83... 相似文献
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Discontinuity in fish assemblages across an elevation gradient in a southern Appalachian watershed, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract – We examine patterns in fish species assemblages in the Toxaway and Horsepasture rivers, two high elevation streams in North Carolina, USA. This region is noted for extreme topographical relief, high cumulative annual rainfall and many rare and endemic plants and animals. The study area encompasses a portion of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and the associated Brevard Fault Zone. We hypothesise that major waterfalls and cascade complexes have acted to limit invasion and colonisation by fishes from downstream. This hypothesis is supported by longitudinal fish assemblage patterns in our study streams. Fish species richness in Toxaway River increased from 4 to 23 between Lake Toxaway and Lake Jocassee, a distance of 10 river km. We found similar discontinuities in neighbouring Horsepasture River and Bearwallow Creek. We found no instances of species replacement along this elevation gradient, and the trend in increased diversity downstream showed discontinuities coincident with sharp elevation breaks. With regard to theories posited to explain community formation in headwater stream fish communities (especially in those characterised by high topographical relief), we suggest coloniser 'access' may be more important than other factors including competitive interactions. 相似文献