共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
利用高速摄影仪对种绳捻制机导种装置进行试验研究.结果表明,种子纵向理论落点与实际落点之间位置差异的平均值为2.08 mm,变异系数为14.64%,达到种子纵向位置准确性要求;种子下落对纸带冲击引起的纸带振动曲线呈抛物线形,振幅最大值0.58mm;种子在纸带上的穴距平均值为26.76mm,穴距变异系数为15.72%,达到<精量半精量机械化播种实施技术要点>中的播种均匀性要求. 相似文献
3.
针对皮肤力传感器对机器人碰撞点检测的不足,提出了一种利用六维力传感器进行机器人本体碰撞点检测的方法。该方法利用传感器采集数据进行自约束,无需依赖碰撞体表面几何信息,将空间碰撞外力矢量线投影到最优平面中进行初步求解,再代入原始方程进行碰撞点的求解;引入了误差因子,以保证计算结果的绝对误差最小;在数据预处理方面,提出了一种动态力补偿算法,以保证基座处六维力传感器在机器人运动过程无外力碰撞下的读数恒为零,当传感器的数值超过一定阈值后即可认为机器人与外界发生碰撞。对本文提出的算法进行了仿真实验,结果表明,动态力补偿算法的合力最大相对误差为4.8925%,碰撞点检测算法在实验距离最远598.61mm处误差最大,为8.7119%。本文提出的动态力补偿算法的精度随碰撞点距离的增加没有明显变化,但在碰撞力一定时,随着碰撞距离的增加相对误差不断增大。 相似文献
4.
针对小麦损失监测传感器结构复杂、成本较高的问题,对收获机清选排杂口不同物料运动特性进行研究,揭示小麦与秸秆撞击敏感板的作用规律,从清选抛出物冲击敏感板的力学特性出发,设计一种小麦收获机清选损失监测试验装置。通过离散元分析软件EDEM分析小麦籽粒、50mm秸秆、100mm秸秆撞击敏感板产生的作用力,分析接触力变化曲线,证明可通过判断物料撞击敏感板产生的信号进行损失监测。为增强信号采集准确率,采用两片压电传感器串联的方式,增大损失信号。设计损失监测试验台机械结构及控制系统,使监测装置模拟收获机清选排杂过程且可以实时监测信号,有效提高监测效率。最后,通过不同高度物料运动损失监测试验,得出300mm高度下传感器识别较为精准,对小麦籽粒的识别率达到98.4%,整体监测误差小于5%,损失监测试验装置能够达到设计目的和要求。 相似文献
5.
大白菜种子清选装置主要由茎秆分离装置和横流风机吸杂装置两部分组成。前者根据大白菜种子脱出物的几何特性差异,利用内流式圆筒筛分离出短茎秆和果荚壳;后者根据脱出物的空气动力学特性差异,利用横流风机吸走大白菜种子脱出物中的轻杂物,具有低损失、低含杂率等特点。为此,基于上述结构和原理设计了一种室内清选试验台,以含杂率和损失率作为试验指标进行了正交试验、回归试验,并优化得出了最佳运行参数组合。研究结果表明:当搅龙转速160r/min、圆筒筛转速50r/min、搅龙与圆筒筛间隙10mm、横流风机转速700r/min、下落物料角度30°、风道高度500mm时,清选装置的含杂率为1.71%,损失率为0.64%。 相似文献
6.
小麦精量播种机排种高精度检测系统设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现小麦精量播种机播种量的精准检测,基于电容传感器设计了一套高精度小麦种子粒数检测系统。研究了小麦种子以单粒形式下落和多粒同时下落两种方式下的电容与小麦种子数目之间的关系。对于小麦种子以单粒形式下落,提出用差分动态阈值法检测小麦种子数目,试验表明检测的最大相对误差为1. 54%;对于多粒小麦种子同时下落,排种轮转速从20 r/min到55 r/min,每增加5 r/min,分别建立小麦种子数目与电容积分值之间的最小二乘回归模型。试验结果表明,根据实际转速和速度最近原则选择相应的回归模型,该系统对不同的排种转速均具有较高的检测精度,相对误差介于-2. 16%～2. 23%之间。对于小麦精量播种机不同的排种模式或不同的排种速度,所设计的排种检测系统均有较高的检测精度。 相似文献
7.
多肥料变比变量施肥过程模拟与排落肥结构优化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
变比变量施肥中,排肥管和落肥管结构对多种肥料的掺混性能和排肥滞后有重要影响。在已完成掺混腔结构优选的基础上,使用离散元法对变比变量施肥和撒播过程加以仿真,分析不同排肥管高度与落肥管三角波纹形状对颗粒运动的影响,依据提出的性能评价指标,优化排肥管和落肥管结构。计算结果及机理分析表明:排肥管高度越大,颗粒在下落、碰撞及混合各阶段的速度越大,颗粒与掺混腔壁面碰撞后形成的散布面积越大,颗粒混合均匀性越好,颗粒混合配比标准差越小;落肥管三角波纹高度在4~6 mm范围内,相对于无波纹情况,可增加颗粒与落肥管间和颗粒间的碰撞次数进而促进颗粒均匀掺混,但高度过大会延缓与其接触的颗粒下落。当落肥管三角波纹高度约为2 mm时,即为肥料颗粒直径的40%~60%,最有利于促进肥料颗粒之间的混合,同时三角波纹对颗粒下落的滞后影响较小。 相似文献
8.
针对水稻种子批量单粒活力检测的要求,设计气吸式种子逐粒排列装置,选取中嘉早17、甬优538和中浙优10三种不同外形的水稻为试验对象,以吸空率、单粒吸附率和复粒吸附率为考核指标,对影响水稻种子吸附特性的各因素:种子的形状、吸嘴直径d、吸附压力p_0和吸嘴转速ω等进行试验研究和分析。试验结果表明:种子形状对种子的吸附特性影响较大,吸嘴直径和吸附压力对吸附率影响显著,吸嘴转速对吸附率影响不显著;吸空率与吸嘴直径和吸附压力负相关,单粒吸附率随吸嘴直径的增加先增后降,随吸附压力的增加长径比小的先增后降、长径比大的先降后增;复粒吸附率与吸嘴直径和吸附压力正相关;最终确定三种种子的最优吸附参数,中嘉早17在吸附压力为9 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.5 mm,吸嘴转速为22.5 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为91.7%;甬优538在吸附压力为5 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.5 mm,吸嘴转速为16.875 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为92.5%;中浙优10在吸附压力为5 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.25 mm,吸嘴转速为22.5 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为85.84%;三组种子最低有效吸附率86.7%,完全能够满足高光谱单粒检测4～6粒/s的要求。 相似文献
9.
10.
磁吸滚筒式排种器种箱振动供种仿真与试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于颗粒离散元法,以番茄磁粉包衣种子为对象,采用Hertz-Mindlin接触模型,建立了种子和排种器仿真分析模型,研究了种箱振动频率、振幅对种群运动规律及种箱供种性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在振动频率40 Hz、振幅0.50 mm和0.75 mm时,种群堆积高度稳定,可以达到稳定供种。为了验证仿真模型的可靠性,采用高速摄像拍摄了在种箱振动频率为40 Hz、振幅为0.75 mm条件下的供种情况,种子实际供种情况与仿真结果吻合。以种箱振动频率、振幅为试验因素,在磁吸滚筒式排种器上进行排种性能试验,得出种箱在振动频率40 Hz,振幅为0.50 mm和0.75 mm时,单粒率达92%,漏播率低于3%;在振动频率20 Hz和60 Hz时,不同振幅下的单粒率均小于80%。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
19.
20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献