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1.
OBJECTIVE: To identify breed disposition, postoperative complications, and outcome in dogs with lung lobe torsion. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 22 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment; history; clinical findings; results of clinicopathologic testing, diagnostic imaging, and pleural fluid analysis; surgical treatment; intra- and postoperative complications; histologic findings; and outcome were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: All 22 dogs had pleural effusion; dyspnea was the most common reason for examination. Fifteen dogs were large deep-chested breeds; 5 were toy breeds. Afghan Hounds were overrepresented, compared with the hospital population. One dog was euthanatized without treatment; the remaining dogs underwent exploratory thoracotomy and lung lobectomy. Eleven dogs recovered from surgery without complications, but 3 of these later died of thoracic disease. Four dogs survived to discharge but had clinically important complications within 2 months, including chylothorax, mediastinal mesothelioma, gastric dilatation, and a second lung lobe torsion. Six dogs died or were euthanatized within 2 weeks after surgery because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, septic shock, pneumothorax, or chylothorax. Chylothorax was diagnosed in 8 of the 22 dogs, including 4 Afghan Hounds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that lung lobe torsion is rare in dogs and develops most frequently in large deep-chested dogs, particularly Afghan Hounds. Other predisposing causes were not identified, but an association with chylothorax was evident, especially in Afghan Hounds. Prognosis for dogs with lung lobe torsion was fair to guarded.  相似文献   

2.
Gastrocentesis followed by introduction of a stout gastric tube and aspiration of gastric content during repeated rotation of the animal around its long axis was attempted as a nonsurgical treatment in 30 cases of gastric torsion. One of the dogs died in the initial phase of the treatment. One dog died at exploratory laparotomy performed because of fundic necrosis. In one animal, obstruction of the cardia remained in spite of effective emptying of the stomach. This dog died at a subsequent exploratory laparotomy showing a remaining gastric torsion of about 270o. The other 27 cases survived and could be discharged in good condition. The findings at a subsequent laparotomy which was performed after recovery to produce a prophylactic gastropexy, are discussed to the extent to which they seemed to be related to the acute attack.  相似文献   

3.
Nine cases of gastric dilation and torsion in dogs were treated by decompressing the stomach by gastrostomy performed under local analgesia. The technique involved a paracostal incision to expose the stomach wall which was then sutured to the skin. Incision through the stomach wall allowed drainage of gastric contents. Laparotomy to correct the gastric torsion was delayed until shock had been treated and the dogs had been stabilized. Seven of the nine cases survived the acute episode which compared favourably with results of treatment by immediate laparotomy to decompress the stomach and correct the torsion. Résumé. Neuf cas de dilation et de torsion gastriques chez de jeunes chiens ont été traités en décomprimant Festomac par gastrostomie faite sous analgésie locale. La technique a compris une incision paracostale pour exposer la paroi de l'estomac que l'on a alors suturée à la peau. L'incision à travers la paroi de l'estomac a permis que le contenu gastrique soit drainé. Un certain délai pour faire une laparotomie en vue de corriger la torsion gastrique a été observé, jusqu'à ce que le choc ait été traité et que les chiens aient été stabilisés. Sept des neufs cas ont survécu favorablement à l'épisode aigu, grâce aux résultats de traitement par une laparotomie immédiate pour décom-primer l'estomac et corriger la torsion. Zusammenfassung. Neun Fälle von Magenerweiterung und Torsion wurden in jungen Hunden behandelt, in dem man der Magen durch Gastrostomie entlastete, die unter Lokalanalgesie ausgeführt wurde. Die Technik bestand in einem paracostalem Einschnitt um die Magenwand freizulegen, die dann an die Haut genäht wurde. Ein Einschnitt durch die Magenwand ermöglichte Entleerung des Mageninhalts. Laparotomie, um die Torsion zu korrigieren, wurde verzögert, bis die Hunde für Schock behandelt und ausgeglichener waren. Sieben von den neun Fällen über-lebten die akute Zeitdauer gut durch Behandlung mit sofortiger Laparotomie den Magen zu entlasten und die Torsion zu beheben.  相似文献   

4.
A retrospective study of 160 cases of the gastric dilation-torsion syndrome was made from three veterinary academic institutions. The results confirm the predominant existence of this syndrome in the large or giant breed dogs. There were two males per female with a mean age of 5.8 years. Recurrent gastric dilations were common and were noted also in postoperative gastric torsion animals. The overall mortality rate was 26.8% and this apparently depended upon the pet-owners' early recognition and prompt professional management. As the duration of symptoms increased, the mortality apparently increased.  相似文献   

5.
Fundic gastropexy for prevention of recurrence of gastric volvulus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
After non-surgical primary treatment (aspiration) of gastric torsion 189 dogs underwent fundupexy to prevent recurrence. The fundic surface of the stomach was subjected to diathermy spot coagulation after which the fundus was fixed in its normal position against the diaphragm using non-absorbable sutures in several rows. Of the 189 dogs operated on two died from intercurrent disease within eight days. Of the 187 dogs which were discharged from the clinic 144 (77 per cent) were available for follow-up. The median follow-up period was 31 months and 28 dogs had a follow-up of between five and eight years. Two of the dogs were destroyed within a year postoperatively because of recurring tympanism and a third dog after one-and-a-half years because of recurrent diarrhoea. The general condition was unaffected in the remaining 141 dogs.  相似文献   

6.
Colonic torsion is a life‐threatening condition that results in colonic ischemia, necrosis, perforation, sepsis, and eventual death. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective case series study was to describe the CT findings in dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion. Medical records were searched for dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion following abdominal CT. Five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Three had a history of chronic intermittent diarrhea prior to presentation. Two dogs presented with acute vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain and one dog presented with acute vomiting and lethargy. Computed tomographic findings in all dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion include: “whirl sign,” displacement and distension of the cecum and colon, focal narrowing of the colon, and distension of the mesenteric vasculature in all dogs (5/5); streaky peritoneal fat and peritoneal effusion (4/5), pneumatosis coli (2/5), small intestinal distension (2/5), portal vein thrombosis (1/5), and reduced colonic wall contrast enhancement (1/5). In all dogs (5/5), the torsion site was the descending colon and demonstrated an anticlockwise rotation. At surgery, three of the five dogs had a partial colonic torsion with hyperemia at the site of obstruction and two of the five dogs had a complete torsion with marked necrosis of the colonic wall. Displacement of the colon and cecum, segmental distension and focal narrowing of the colon, the presence of a “whirl sign” and distension of the mesenteric vasculature are CT findings highly suggestive of colonic torsion.  相似文献   

7.
In 36 dogs having recovered after nonsurgically treated gastric torsion, fundic gastropexy, including cauterization of the fundic wall before suturing, was performed 1 week to 3–5 months after the initial attack. One of the animals died of intercurrent disease and one could not be traced. Within an observation time of 1–5 months to 4–5 years (mean 18 months), no relapse occurred in the remaining 34 animals operated upon.  相似文献   

8.
In dogs that had survived attacks of gastric torsion, X-ray examination after subsidence of the acute symptoms usually disclosed retarded emptying of the stomach with normal or, in some cases, hyperactive motility, apparently due to pyloric sphincter dysfunction. On the basis of these findings it is hypothesized that torsion should be regarded as the final stage of a chronic dilatation of the stomach stemming from the deranged emptying mechanism. Intensive nonsurgical management of the acute phase, with evacuation of the stomach via trocarization and repeated introduction of a stout gastric tube, appears superior to primary surgical treatment insofar as the early results are concerned. The abovementioned roentgenologic observation has led the authors to try, in the hope of preventing recurrences, operative correction of the disordered emptying mechanism by means of gastrojejunostomy or pyloroplasty. As yet the series is too small and the follow-up times too short for therapeutic evaluation of these surgical procedures.  相似文献   

9.
胃扩张-肠扭转(Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus--GDV)又称为"臌"、"胃扭转"。GDV是一个极其严重,并应视为严重威胁犬生命的紧急事件,是仅次于癌症导致犬死亡的第二大杀手。24%的犬臌是由胃膨胀引起的。但是大多数的情况(75%)是由于胃扭转,弯曲和切断胃内容物的流入和流出。由于胃部膨胀,可旋转90°至360°,固定附着在食道和十二指肠之间缠绕。膨胀的胃妨碍腹部静脉、减少血液返回到心脏,丧失血液供应,导致低血压、胃缺血、休克、脏器损害,要在育种,饲养和管理上加强监管,有效的降低形成和促发GDV风险因子的条件,加强对GDV风险因子的预警和识别,以及发生后的及时发现和立即处理治疗。  相似文献   

10.
Colonic torsion is a life‐threatening condition in dogs and radiographic findings for this condition have not been well described. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe radiographic findings and clinical signs in a group of dogs with colonic torsion. Inclusion criteria were dogs presenting during the period of 2006 and 2016, and that had abdominal radiography and a surgically confirmed or presumed diagnosis of colonic torsion. For each dog, clinical data were recorded from medical records and imaging findings were recorded from retrieved plain radiographs and positive contrast radiographs in which barium enema was performed. Fourteen dogs met inclusion criteria. Of these, nine dogs had colonic torsion confirmed at surgery, with five dogs having surgical confirmation of colonic congestion or mesenteric torsion. Radiographic findings included segmental distention of the colon (14/14), focal narrowing of the colon (11/14), displacement of cecum (11/14), displacement of descending colon (14/14), and mild to no small intestinal distention (14/14). In cases where barium enema was performed, focal narrowing of the colon and longitudinal striations that course in a helical pattern were identified, termed the “torsion sign.” Vomiting was the most common clinical sign observed (12/14), followed by abdominal pain in a small majority of cases (8/14). Severe abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock were uncommon in the patients reported (3/14). Colonic torsion should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with radiographic segmental colonic distention with displacement of the descending colon and cecum. Barium enema is recommended for more definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

11.
Diagnosis of acute primary splenic torsion is challenging. The ultrasonographic appearance of this condition has been described, but other splenic diseases, such as diffuse infarction because of thrombosis, can appear very similar. We describe an additional ultrasonographic sign of acute splenic torsion; a triangular hyperechoic area at the hilus between the veins and the splenic parenchyma that is continuous with the hyperechoic mesentery. In a group of animals where acute splenic torsion was part of the ultrasound report differential diagnosis, we compared findings in dogs with torsion with findings in dogs with other splenic conditions. The presence of a hilar hyperechoic perivenous triangle was significantly associated with splenic torsion (P = 0.005). We speculate that this sign is associated with torsion because of the secondary severe, diffuse splenic enlargement. Although not pathognomonic, this sign could be used to more accurately diagnose splenic torsion in light of other findings consistent with this condition.  相似文献   

12.
CASE DESCRIPTION-An 8-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of abdominal distension, retching, and vomiting. CLINICAL FINDINGS-Gastric dilatation-volvulus was suspected on the basis of the dog's signalment, history, clinical signs, and results of clinicopathologic analyses and abdominal radiography. Celiotomy was performed, and gastric dilatation-volvulus was confirmed along with splenomegaly. Gastric invagination was performed over an area of gastric necrosis. The dog was reevaluated 21 days later after an episode of collapse. Findings of physical examination and clinicopathologic analyses were suggestive of internal hemorrhage. Abdominal ultrasonography and subsequent celiotomy revealed severe gastric ulceration at the gastric invagination site, splenic torsion, and a focal splenic infarct. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME-Splenectomy and gastrectomy of the necrotic tissue were performed. The dog was discharged from the hospital, and the owner was instructed to administer gastroprotectants and feed the dog a bland diet. The dog was reported to be healthy 3.25 years after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Findings suggest that complications associated with the gastric invagination procedure include severe gastric ulceration that may require subsequent surgery. Prolonged treatment with gastroprotectants following gastric invagination surgery may be necessary to avoid gastric ulceration in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
Mesenteric torsion was diagnosed in 21 of 199 German Shepherd Dogs suffering from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Eight dogs were euthanatized at the request of the owners; 4 dogs died at home before any treatment for mesenteric torsion was initiated. Surgery was performed on 9 dogs, all of which died during recovery from anesthesia.  相似文献   

14.
The imaging features of lung lobe torsion in 10 dogs (nine complete, one partial torsion) acquired with a helical single‐slice computed tomography (CT) unit are described. Attenuation values of normal, rotated, and adjacent collapsed lung lobes before and after intravenous contrast medium administration were compared. Affected lung lobes were: left cranial (5), right middle (3), right cranial (1), and left caudal (1). CT findings in nine dogs with complete lung lobe torsion included pleural effusion and an abruptly ending bronchus. In eight of these dogs, enlargement, consolidation, emphysema of the affected lung lobe, and mediastinal shift to the contralateral side were present. Rotated lung lobes did not enhance, whereas adjacent collapsed and aerated lung lobes did (P<0.05). Apnea induced with hyperventilation or breath‐hold is essential to reduce motion artefacts and obtain a diagnostic study.  相似文献   

15.
ObjectiveTo determine if general anesthesia with sevoflurane and laparoscopic surgery changed gastric and small bowel propulsive motility or pH in dogs.Study designProspective, controlled trial.AnimalsTwelve, 19–24 months old, female, Treeing Walker Hound dogs, weighing 23–30 kg.MethodsDogs were anesthetized for a median of 8.5 hours during another study to determine the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane using a visceral stimulus. Gastric and small bowel motility were determined using a sensor capsule that measures pressure, pH and temperature. Gastric transit time and motility index were calculated. For 8/12 dogs, gastric motility, pH and transit time were measured. In 4/12 dogs, small bowel motility and pH were measured.ResultsAnesthesia decreased gastric and small bowel motility but did not change luminal pH. Mean gastric contraction force decreased from median (range) 11 (8–20) to 3 (1–10) mmHg (p < 0.01) and gastric motility index decreased from 0.63 (0–1.58) to 0 (0–0.31; p = 0.01). Frequency of contractions did not change, 3.7 (1.6–4.4) versus 2.8 (0.1–5.1) contractions minute?1 (p = 0.1). Gastric motility returned to normal 12–15 hours following anesthesia. Gastric emptying was prolonged from 12 (5.3–16) to 49 (9.75–56.25) hours (p < 0.01). Mean small bowel contraction force decreased from 34 (24–37) to 3 (0.9–17) mmHg (p < 0.02) and motility index decreased from 3.75 (1–4.56) to 0 (0–1.53; p = 0.02). Frequency of contractions did not change, 0.5 (0.3–1.4) versus 1.4 (0.3–4.6) contractions minute?1 (p = 0.11). Small bowel motility returned within 2 hours after anesthesia. Laparoscopy did not result in changes to gastric or small bowel parameters beyond those produced by general anesthesia.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe force of gastric and small bowel contractions decreased during sevoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopy. Although gastric motility returned to normal within 12–15 hours the impairment of gastric emptying lasted 30–40 hours, predisposing dogs to postoperative ileus.  相似文献   

16.
Objective— To determine stiffness and load–displacement curves as a biomechanical response to applied torsion and shear forces in cadaveric canine lumbar and lumbosacral specimens.
Study Design— Biomechanical study.
Animals— Caudal lumbar and lumbosacral functional spine units (FSU) of nonchondrodystrophic large-breed dogs (n=31) with radiographically normal spines.
Methods— FSU from dogs without musculoskeletal disease were tested in torsion in a custom-built spine loading simulator with 6 degrees of freedom, which uses orthogonally mounted electric motors to apply pure axial rotation. For shear tests, specimens were mounted to a custom-made shear-testing device, driven by a servo hydraulic testing machine. Load–displacement curves were recorded for torsion and shear.
Results— Left and right torsion stiffness was not different within each FSU level; however, torsional stiffness of L7-S1 was significantly smaller compared with lumbar FSU (L4-5–L6-7).
Ventral/dorsal stiffness was significantly different from lateral stiffness within an individual FSU level for L5-6, L6-7, and L7-S1 but not for L4-5. When the data from 4 tested shear directions from the same specimen were pooled, level L5-6 was significantly stiffer than L7-S1.
Conclusions— Increased range of motion of the lumbosacral joint is reflected by an overall decreased shear and rotational stiffness at the lumbosacral FSU.
Clinical Relevance— Data from dogs with disc degeneration have to be collected, analyzed, and compared with results from our chondrodystrophic large-breed dogs with radiographically normal spines.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To determine relationships between plasma lactate concentration and gastric necrosis and between plasma lactate concentration and outcome for dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 102 dogs. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, history, plasma lactate concentration, medical and surgical treatment, cost of hospitalization, and outcome was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: 69 of 70 (99%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration < 6.0 mmol/L survived, compared with 18 of 31 (58%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration > 6.0 mmol/L (1 dog euthanatized for economic reasons was not included). Gastric necrosis was identified in 38 (37%) dogs. Median plasma lactate concentration in dogs with gastric necrosis (6.6 mmol/L) was significantly higher than concentration in dogs without gastric necrosis (3.3 mmol/L). Specificity and sensitivity of using plasma lactate concentration (with a cutoff of 6.0 mmol/L) to predict which dogs had gastric necrosis were 88 and 61%, respectively. Sixty-two of 63 (98%) dogs without gastric necrosis survived, compared with 25 of 38 (66%) dogs with gastric necrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preoperative plasma lactate concentration was a good predictor of gastric necrosis and outcome for dogs with GDV. Preoperative measurement of plasma lactate concentration may assist in determining prognosis of dogs with GDV.  相似文献   

18.
Lung lobe torsion (LLT) results from a displacement and twisting of a lung lobe around its bronchovascular pedicle. This relatively rare disorder affects dogs, cats, and humans. Etiologies include primary (i.e., spontaneous) and secondary torsion due to thoracic trauma, pleural space disease, thoracic surgery, pulmonary parenchyma disease, and diaphragmatic hernia repair. Although both spontaneous and secondary torsion have been described in small-breed dogs, a spontaneous LLT followed by recurrence of a spontaneous LLT > 2 years later has not been documented. This article describes the presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of a pug with recurrent spontaneous LLT.  相似文献   

19.

Background

Left ventricular torsional motion plays an important role for effective pump function. However, noninvasive clinical assessment of torsional deformations by two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) has not been reported.

Hypothesis

Left ventricular torsion is determined by the native orientation of the helical myocardial fibers, such that it might provide better assessment of myocardial function than conventional methods.

Animals

Sixty‐seven client‐owned dogs with MMVD were classified into 3 classes based on the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classification and 16 weight‐ and age‐matched healthy dogs.

Methods

Dogs were examined for myocardial deformations by 2D‐STE and were evaluated for peak systolic rotation and rotation rate at each basal and apical view. Dogs also were evaluated for peak systolic torsion and torsion rate.

Results

Peak systolic torsion was higher in class II than in class I (P < .001) dogs. Peak systolic torsion was lower in class III than in class II (P = .001) dogs and controls (P = .003).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Torsional deformations assessed by 2D‐STE differed among clinical classes of MMVD. Myocardial torsional deformations by 2D‐STE may provide more detailed assessment of contractile function in dogs with MMVD.  相似文献   

20.
Objective-To evaluate whether dogs undergoing splenectomy had an increased risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), compared with a control group of dogs undergoing enterotomy. Design-Retrospective case-control study. Animals-219 dogs that underwent splenectomy for reasons other than splenic torsion (splenectomy group; n = 172) or enterotomy (control group; 47) without concurrent gastropexy. Procedures-Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, date of surgery, durations of surgery and anesthesia, reason for splenectomy, histopathologic findings (if applicable), whether gastropexy was performed, duration of follow-up, and date of death (if applicable). Follow-up information, including occurrence of GDV, was obtained via medical records review and a written client questionnaire. Results-Reasons for splenectomy included splenic neoplasia, nonneoplastic masses, infarction, traumatic injury, and adhesions to a gossypiboma. Incidence of GDV following surgery was not significantly different between dogs of the splenectomy (14/172 [8.1 %]) and control (3/47 [6.4%]) groups. Median time to GDV for the 17 affected dogs was 352 days (range, 12 to 2,368 days) after surgery. Among dogs that underwent splenectomy, sexually intact males had a significantly higher incidence of GDV (4/16) than did castrated males and sexually intact or spayed females (10/156). Incidence of GDV among sexually intact male dogs did not differ between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results did not support a recommendation for routine use of prophylactic gastropexy in dogs at the time of splenectomy. Other patient-specific risk factors should be assessed prior to recommending this procedure.  相似文献   

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