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2003年9月16日—18日,全国水产养殖研讨会在山东省青岛市召开。本届研讨会的主题是“无公害生产·高效渔业”,主要从健康苗种培育、无公害生产与食品安全、养殖水域环境、营养生理与环保饲料、渔业设施等角度,探讨无公害水产养殖和发展高效渔业的意义和途径。来自全国各地的渔业行政主管部门和推广单位的领导、科研单位的专家学者、水产养殖企业以及中外合资企业的代表等400余人参加了研讨会。中国科学院院士、中国海洋湖沼学会名誉理事长刘瑞玉先生,中国工程院院士、中国水产学会理事长唐启升先生,农业部渔业局副局长张合成,全国水产技术推… 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)是我国最主要的海水对虾类养殖品种,2021年海水养殖产量达到119.77万吨,占全国海水虾类养殖总产量的80%以上。目前,国内外对于凡纳滨对虾的营养需求与饲料研究已有较多报道,但是对于不同生长阶段的精准营养需求以及营养素和功能性饲料添加剂的相互关系研究仍不够深入。本文主要就其蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和微量营养素的需求,蛋白源和脂肪源替代鱼粉和鱼油,功能性饲料添加剂应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为凡纳滨对虾的精准营养研究及高效环保饲料的开发提供科学参考,从而推动其养殖业的健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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水产养殖业是一个复杂的系统工程。它包括优良苗种（品种）的选择和培育,高效全价营养无公害饲料的开发生产,生态环境控制,疾病防治和生产管理等因素,其中优良品种和高效营养饲料是关键,在给定其他条件后,饲料是主要因素,只有高效营养饲料才能加速鱼类健康生长,降低养殖的成本;才能提高养殖产量与经济效益,社会效益及生态效益。 相似文献
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2003年，利津县作为山东省淡水水产研究所“优质淡水良种及健康养殖技术推广”项目的技术协作单位，采用养殖环境水质调控技术、投放优质苗种、应用绿色环保饲料、推行生态防病技术等无公害池塘高效精养技术，养殖南美白对虾3950亩，平均亩产216kg，亩效益2025元；池塘主养罗非鱼8100亩，平均亩产662kg，亩效益2160元，取得了产量高、效益好、产品无公害的良好效果。现将基本情况报告如下： 相似文献
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该项目建立了湖泊鳜鱼等土著名优水产动物无公害渔业经济开发模式；提出了河蟹优质健康苗种培育、环保饲料开发等无公害养殖技术；建立了湖泊网围、网栏养殖河蟹标准化生产模式；建立了鳜鱼、河蟹、罗氏沼虾免疫防治技术；提出以底质和水质早期监测为主的鳜鱼病害预警技术和河蟹、罗氏沼虾病原诊断技术；制定了鳜鱼、河蟹、罗氏沼虾无公害养殖病害控制技术规程； 相似文献
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Effect of culture system on the nutrition and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed different diets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A.G.J. TACON J.J. CODY L.D. CONQUEST S. DIVAKARAN I.P. FORSTER & O.E. DECAMP 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2002,8(2):121-137
Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted with juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) to compare the growth and performance of animals fed a series of experimental and commercial pelleted shrimp and fish feeds and dietary feeding regimes within an indoor running-water culture system and an outdoor zero-water-exchange culture system. The best overall shrimp growth performance was observed for animals fed the experimental shrimp diet and all-day feeding regime under outdoor zero-water-exchange culture conditions. Final body weight and average weekly growth rate under these conditions were 2.8 and 3.4 times greater, respectively, than animals of similar size fed with the same diet under indoor running-water culture conditions. Although direct comparison between indoor and outdoor culture systems is difficult because of the lower indoor water temperatures, and consequently lower mean daily feed intake of animals, it is believed that the higher growth and feed performance of animals reared under outdoor `green-water' culture conditions was primarily due to their ability to obtain additional nutrients from food organisms endogenously produced within the zero-water-exchange culture system. The most promising features of zero-water-exchange culture systems are that they offer increased biosecurity, reduced feed costs and water use for the farmer, and by doing so provide a potential avenue of moving the shrimp culture industry along a path of greater sustainability and environmental compatibility. 相似文献
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Karen E. Jensen J. Christopher Taylor Robert J. Barry Louis R. D'Abramo D. Allen Davis Stephen A. Watts 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(3):614-621
Sea urchins produce high‐energy, membrane‐bound fecal pellets that contain residual nutrients and large quantities of microbiota. These egesta are readily consumed by the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Egesta of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, were evaluated as a feed supplement or total replacement for a commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp were stocked at 0.49 g ± 0.06 g initial body weight and housed individually in 2.8‐L tanks in a commercial recirculating zebrafish system. Shrimp were assigned to one of six diets: commercial shrimp feed, reference sea urchin feed, collected dried sea urchin egesta, collected wet sea urchin egesta, half ration of shrimp feed and half collected wet sea urchin egesta, and egesta naturally produced by two sea urchins in polyculture. Equivalent dry matter amounts of each diet were proffered to shrimp in each treatment twice daily, except for those that had complete access to natural egesta excreted by sea urchins in polyculture. Sea urchins were proffered a reference sea urchin feed at 2% body weight daily. After 27 days, shrimp proffered collected dried or wet egesta did not differ significantly in percent weight gain and showed the lowest weight gain. The percent weight gain of shrimp fed the commercial shrimp diet did not differ significantly from that of the shrimp fed half commercial shrimp diet and half egesta. The highest weight gain was recorded for those shrimp that consumed the untouched egesta produced by sea urchins in polyculture. These data suggest that consumed egesta have noteworthy nutritional value and therefore would be beneficial to the culture of extractive species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system. 相似文献
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The scope-for-growth (SFG) of an animal is the portion of assimilated energy used for secondary production after maintenance requirements are met. The SFG of Penaeus setiferus was calculated as the difference between absorption (A), and the sum of the respiration (R) and excretion (U) [SFG = A - (R+U)]. Protocols were developed and SFG determinations were replicated 18 times for shrimp maintained on an experimental feed (diet 1), and 18 times for shrimp maintained on a commercial feed (diet II). Somatic growth of the shrimp was determined by direct weight measurements and by conversions of SFG results into wet weight and the two values were compared. Results yielded a SFG of 99.8 ± 16.03 J/g per d and 33.78 ± 7.64 J/g per d for diets I and II, respectively. Scope-for-growth estimates appear to be suitable for comparisons of effects of various culture conditions on shrimp. 相似文献
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投喂不同饵料对长薄鳅生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水温18.6～21.6℃条件下,将初始体质量为(3.91±0.22) g的长薄鳅幼鱼随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼,饲养在圆形玻纤缸(直径1 m、高0.8 m)中,分别投喂刀额新对虾、鳙鱼、配合饲料(粗蛋白≥46.0%)、虾+饲料、鱼+饲料5种饵料,以筛选适宜于长薄鳅幼鱼的适宜饵料投喂模式。75 d的饲养结果表明,不同投喂模式对长薄鳅的存活率无显著性影响(P>0.05),而对长薄鳅的生长影响显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,虾组、鱼组、饲料组、鱼+饲料组的长薄鳅最终体质量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但虾+饲料组最终体质量和体质量特定生长率显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),依次为虾+饲料组>饲料组>虾组>鱼组、鱼+饲料组。5个试验组鱼的体长特定生长率无显著性差异(P>0.05),依次为虾+饲料组>虾组>饲料组、鱼+饲料组>鱼组。试验结束时,各试验组鱼的生长离散均有所升高,生长离散变化依次为鱼组>鱼+饲料组>饲料组>虾组>虾+饲料组。各试验组长薄鳅的的摄食率差异显著(P<0.05),摄食率依次为鱼组>虾组>鱼+饲料组>虾+饲料组>饲料组;虾组和鱼组的饵料系数无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),其他3组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同投喂模式下长薄鳅幼鱼的生长系数b值均小于3,呈负异速生长,但虾+饲料组的长薄鳅幼鱼生长系数b值最大。试验过程中各组鱼的肥满度均下降。研究结果显示,在本试验的不同饵料投喂模式中,投喂虾+饲料更利于长薄鳅的摄食和生长。 相似文献
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Jatobá A Vieira Fdo N Buglione-Neto CC Mouriño' JL Silva BC Seiftter WQ Andreatta ER 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):725-732
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a probiotic (Lactobacillus
plantarum) supplemented diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) in a polyculture system with marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as regards culture performance, hematology, and gut bacterial microbiota. Ten 20-m2 pens were arranged in one earthen pond
and stocked with 2 fish (41.9 g) m−2 and 10 shrimp (2.3 g) m−2, in total of 40 Nile tilapias and 200 shrimp per experimental unit. Tilapia groups in five of the experimental units were
fed a commercial diet supplemented with L. plantarum and the other five with an unsupplemented commercial diet (control). After 12 weeks of culture, the tilapia groups fed the
probiotic-supplemented diet presented values 13.6, 7.5, and 7.1% higher for feed efficiency, yield, and final weight, respectively.
Viable culturable heterotrophic bacteria counts were reduced, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was increased in the
gut of fish and shrimp fed the probiotic-supplemented diet. Hematological analyses showed higher number of thrombocytes and
leukocytes in tilapia fed the supplemented diet. L. plantarum utilized in this study colonized the gut of tilapia and shrimp and resulted in reduced number of total bacteria and increased
tilapia final weight and feed efficiency. 相似文献
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The present study was carried out using juveniles of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, produced in the hatchery by stripping eggs from spawners collected from the wild during 2004 and 2005 culture period. The experiments carried out during 2004 investigated the efficiency of using salmon feed mixed with cyclopeeze, salmon feed mixed with shrimp meat, salmon feed alone, and shrimp meat alone in the diet using 1 m3 capacity round fiberglass tanks in three replicates for each treatment with flow‐through seawater. The results showed that inclusion of shrimp meat in the diet either with salmon feed or alone give significantly high (P < 0.01) weight gain of up to 1.10 ± 0.06 g/fish/d and significantly lower (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio compared to that of feeds without shrimp meat. The experiments carried out during 2005 investigated the use of commercially available feeds with feed additives. The results showed that feeding with “Gemma” feed with 54.0% crude protein and 19.0% crude fat or salmon feed with 41.4% crude protein and 23.9% crude fat give significantly high (P < 0.01) growth rates compared to that of pompano feed with 43.0% crude protein and 6.0% crude fat. The results of these investigations although show high growth rate of the fish compared to that of previous observations; there is yet an urgent need to formulate a suitable feed for this fish species for commercial ventures. 相似文献
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The development of efficient feed management strategies in shrimp farming involves the investigation of aspects related to time of feed distribution, feeding rates, feeding frequency, and feed dispersal methods. This work examined the feeding levels of Penaeus subtilis in response to food dispersal method under semi-intensive culture conditions. The study consisted of two treatments: 1) a uniform feed dispersal over the culture area, and 2) concentration of feed in 0.2-m2 circular feeding trays. For each, three 105-m2 rectangular enclosures were installed in a single shrimp grow-out pond and stocked with P. subtilis at a density of 14.29 postlarvae/m2. Shrimp were fed daily at 0600, 0930 and 1430 h and sampled 30 min after feed distribution at 12-d intervals. After collection, shrimp weight was determined, their stomachs dissected and weighed. A total of 2,160 stomachs of P. subtilis were collected during a 89-d rearing cycle. Relative occurrence of artificial versus natural food in stomach contents was determined by stable carbon isotope mass spectrometry. Density of polychaetes in the substrate was monitored at each sampling period. After harvest, sediment samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses. In general, differences in shrimp growth between feeding methods were not significant. Final shrimp survival rates were between 69.0 ± 6.9% and 71.9 ± 3.7%. Stomach content weight of P. subtilis was significantly higher when feed was broadcast than for feed concentration. Average stomach content weight remained constant throughout the rearing cycle, although progressive increases in feed Occurrence were detected in P. subtilis diet. No periodicity in food intake along sampling periods could be related to increases in shrimp carapace length. Food intake was significantly lower at 0600 h than at 1430 h and at 0930 h, respectively. In both treatments, over half of the food contained in the stomach contents of shrimp was derived from artificial food. Sediment chemical analysis indicated statistically lower levels of sodium in the pond bottom of concentrated treatment. However, no short-term detrimental effects were detected on sediment chemical quality. Results indicated that feed broadcasting resulted in a greater access and a higher consumption of food among the cultured shrimp population, a lower number of empty stomachs, and a greater occurrence of artificial food in P. subtilis stomach contents. 相似文献
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A modified diet was formulated for Arizona inland shrimp farming and tested as a method for reducing moult‐associated mortalities presumed due to trace mineral deficiencies. The experimental diet was supplemented with additional dietary magnesium, potassium, phospholipids and cholesterol to a commercial shrimp feed (Rangen 45/10, which was also used as the control diet). The modified diet was tested at Arizona Mariculture Associates (AMA), while the control diet was used at a nearby inland shrimp farm, Desert Sweet Shrimp Farm (DSSF). Both feeds were used throughout the culture season of 2001. Earthen pond‐reared Litopenaeus vannamei at intermoult stages (C‐D0) and ranging from 7 to 30 g were sampled at intervals for determination of haemolymph osmolality (HO). Results showed that the modified diet had not only resulted in larger size shrimp at harvest, but also improved osmoregulatory capacity (OC). HO of DSSF shrimp decreased as shrimp grew bigger, whereas HO of AMA shrimp was maintained at a stable level, or showed a slightly positive linear relationship with weight. The hyper‐OC of shrimp from AMA (462 mOsm kg?1) was greater than that from DSSF (398 mOsm kg?1). Shrimp at AMA fed the experimental diet presented no mass moult‐associated mortalities. To further investigate the iso‐osmotic point of shrimp reared in AMA, a group of six salinity gradients were designed by mixing oceanic salts into the well water to form 5, 8.5, 11.4, 14.4, 17.8, 20.7 p.p.t. medium. HO of subadult shrimp (25 g in average) were then evaluated 48 h after they had been transferred from 5 p.p.t. pond water to the medium. Shrimp HO increased with external salinity, and a plateau formed as salinity reached at 11.4 p.p.t. and higher. The iso‐osmotic point of shrimp was estimated to be 695.5 mOsm kg?1, equivalent to 26.1 p.p.t. in AMA well water. 相似文献
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Practical diets designed for penaeid shrimp are commonly supplemented with phosphorus, which may lead to unnecessary nutrient loading of the culture system and effluent waters as well as unnecessary investments in a nutrient that is not utilized by the culture species. To facilitate the optimization of phosphorus levels in practical shrimp feeds, research was conducted with Penaeus vannamei juveniles to determine the biological availability of two feed-grade calcium phosphate sources. A practical basal diet containing 350 g protein kg−1 diet and 9.8 g P kg−1 diet was formulated using anchovy and soybean meal as the primary protein and phosphorus sources. The basal diet was supplemented with graded levels of phosphorus and offered to juvenile shrimp (0.57 ± 0.017 g) over a 10-week period. Weight gain and estimated feed efficiency values increased with phosphorus supplements, indicating a dietary deficiency of the basal diet. Under the reported conditions, a dietary supplement of 1.4 or 2.3 g P kg−1 diet was required for maximum growth and estimated feed efficiency values if Cefkaphos (primarily monobasic calcium phosphate) or Dynafos (primarily dibasic calcium phosphate) was utilized. Dynafos was determined to have a relative biological value (RBV) of 63.8% of Cefkaphos based on final weights of the shrimp offered diets containing 1.25 g supplemental P kg−1 diet. A similar RBV of 60.9% was estimated based on broken-line analyses of growth data. There were no significant differences in apparent net phosphorus retention (ANPR) for the basal diet (23.1%) or diets supplemented with 1.25 g P kg−1 diet originating from Cefkaphos (25.7%) or Dynafos (17.9%). However, shifts in ANPR values of the diets corresponded to biological availability of the two phosphorus sources. 相似文献