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《畜牧与兽医》2014,(9):31-33
为了研究使用过的发酵床垫料能否作为有机肥施用于土壤,采用实地采样检测的方法,测定了使用过1、2及3年的发酵床垫料中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾浓度以及总养分含量和含水量,以及垫料中砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、铜含量。以未施用垫料的土壤作为背景值,检测施用3年垫料的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速溶氮、速溶磷、速溶钾和重金属砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、铜含量。结果表明:发酵床垫料水分、总养分不符合有机肥标准要求,有机质、pH值达到有机肥标准要求,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速溶氮、速溶磷、速溶钾浓度均随垫料使用时间延长而增高,垫料中重金属浓度未超过国家标准,但随着垫料使用时间增长而增高。施用垫料的土壤有机物质含量明显高于未施用土壤,施用垫料土壤重金属含量略高于背景土壤重金属含量,富集现象不明显。此研究结论对发酵床废弃垫料应用提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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张丹 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2018,(3)
本文从微生物发酵床养猪技术原理、垫料的组成、垫料微生物群落结构、重金属残留、使用年限等方面综述了国内微生物发酵床养猪技术进展,分析了该技术推广应用中存在的问题,提出构建微生物发酵床垫料资源化利用体系今后重点研究与发展方向。 相似文献
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法库县在2008年开始引进发酵床养猪技术，为了探索出适合本地的垫料配比。于2010年8～12月在法库县秀水河镇丰达猪场做发酵床养猪不同垫料配比筛选试验。本试验宗旨是研究不同垫料配比在法库县的应用效果，以筛选出最适宜法库县的发酵床养猪垫料配比。 相似文献
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为了了解生物发酵床垫料发酵过程中温度变化情况,探索生物发酵床发酵温度与外界环境温度的相关性,试验对生物发酵床垫料温度进行监测,采用接触式测量方法对垫料发酵温度进行研究。利用传热学知识并结合实际养殖情况,对垫料床内部的结构分层和传热过程进行研究分析,将垫料床导热问题作为稳态导热问题进行研究,了解生物发酵床垫料热传导机理。在实验室内建立垫料床模型,选取特定垫料基质组合,采用发热板模拟发酵热温度,用多点测温系统测定不同发酵热温度下的垫料床温度变化情况。结果表明:垫料床内部的测温点温差与周围环境密切相关,且内部温度高于环境温度。在自然情况下垫料床表层温度分布均匀,而在发酵过程中则会有所上升,但影响不明显。说明生物发酵床垫料内部的温度传导模式与垫料物性相关且受环境温度影响。 相似文献
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为了揭示微生物发酵床猪舍病原菌的空间分布特点,本研究对浸水垫料和不同发酵等级的垫料进行致病菌毒素基因的克隆,分析垫料中致病菌的分布特征。结果表明:在发酵床垫料中大肠杆菌是普遍存在的微生物,链球菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分布也比较广泛。魏氏杆菌在发酵等级为ⅱ,ⅲ的垫料中含量低,在发酵等级为ⅰ和ⅳ的垫料分布较多,而在管理不善的浸水垫料中普遍存在。同样,副猪嗜血杆菌在发酵等级ⅲ的垫料中未见到,在ⅱ和ⅳ的垫料中较低,而在管理不善垫料中广泛存在。多杀性巴氏杆菌在发酵程度为ⅰ和ⅳ的垫料中未检测到,在ⅱ,ⅲ的垫料分布较少,而在管理不善垫料中广泛存在。沙门氏菌和丹毒杆菌在发酵床垫料中都未检测到。通过对发酵床病原菌分布的聚类分析,将病原菌分为三种类型:低频种类、中频种类和高频种类;将不同位置的发酵床垫料分为三种类型:致病菌种类少、种类中等和种类多样的垫料。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(24)
为了研究猪发酵床垫料中水分和氮、磷、铜元素含量的变化,试验对不同圈舍、地点的发酵床垫料进行测定分析。结果表明:各圈舍中不同取样点的垫料成分含量均有一定的差异,在5个取样点中,除水分外各成分含量较高的点几乎集中在排便集中区、粪便堆放区和集中活动区;水分、氮、磷、铜含量使用2年的垫料均高于使用1年的垫料,但使用1年和2年的发酵床垫料水分和氮的含量变化差异不显著(P0.05),而磷和铜的含量变化差异显著(P0.05);通过对垫料中各成分与国家相关标准的比较发现,垫料中检测的各成分平均含量符合或稍低于国家标准的限量。说明只要管理好发酵床垫料,可将废弃垫料用作有机肥进行资源化合理利用。 相似文献
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不同使用时间和深度的发酵床垫料成分及重金属沉积规律的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验旨在探讨发酵床养猪模式下,不同使用时间、不同深度的发酵床垫料中垫料组分的变化及重金属的沉积规律。结果表明,随垫料使用时间的延长,总氮、钾、总磷、钙、粗灰分、粗蛋白以及重金属Zn、As、Pb、Cd的含量均显著增加(P<0.05),而水分含量降低不明显(P>0.05);随着垫料深度的不断增加,水分以及Cu、Cd、Pb、As含量逐渐降低(P<0.05);在使用1年和2年的垫料中从上层到下层总氮、总磷、总钾和钙的浓度逐渐降低(P<0.05),而使用3年的垫料中间层总氮、总钾、钙的浓度是最高的(P<0.05)。汞在不同使用时间、不同深度发酵床垫料中的沉积规律不明显(P>0.05)。不同使用时间、不同深度发酵床垫料中,粪尿组水分、总氮、钾、总磷、钙、粗灰分、粗蛋白及重金属Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Cd、Hg含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。通过垫料中各种成份与国家相关标准的比较发现,该猪场使用1~3年的垫料中所检测的重金属含量均低于国家标准的最高允许含量,表明控制好饲料中的重金属含量、管理好发酵床并经常深翻、合理补充新的垫料和菌种,废弃垫料能直接用作有机肥还田。 相似文献
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为完善猪发酵床养殖技术及促进土壤对垫料中磷的利用,研究分析同等时间干法发酵床和湿法发酵床表层垫料、中层垫料和底层垫料中磷的变化情况。结果表明：（1）湿法发酵床垫料水分含量、温度极显著高于干法发酵床（35.54%＆31.49%、34.87℃＆31.91℃）,垫料深度对水分含量、pH、温度有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,垫料中层温度最高;（2）湿法发酵床和干法发酵床总磷含量无差异（3.00%＆3.43%）;植酸磷极显著低于干法发酵床（21.04mg/kg＆27.59mg/kg）,有效磷极显著高于干法发酵床（94.22mg/kg＆91.16mg/kg）,垫料深度对总磷、植酸磷、有效磷有极显著影响（P〈0.01）;（3）湿法发酵床植酸酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶活性高于干法发酵床（2.98U/L＆2.56U/L、25.83mg/g＆21.77mg/g、1.93U/L＆1.88U/L）,垫料深度对该三种酶活性有极显著影响（P〈0.01）;垫料中层总磷、植酸磷、有效磷含量及该三种酶活性最高。发酵床种类和垫料深度对垫料pH、植酸磷、植酸酶活性的互作极显著（P〈0.01）。研究表明,发酵床中磷的降解主要发生在垫料中层,湿法发酵床更有利于垫料中磷的降解,干法发酵床在养殖过程中需增加垫料的湿度。 相似文献
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[目的]开发同时检测生乳中吡虫啉（Imidacloprid）、吡唑醚菌酯（Pyrazole ether ester）、氟虫腈（Fluorine worm nitrile）3 种农药残留的胶体金免疫层析的方法。[方法]采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液，冻干法制备胶体金标抗体冻干粉，置于微孔杯内，复溶后，吸取全部反应液于胶体金试纸条样品垫上，经层析，在免疫层析试纸条上显示结果。[结果]吡虫啉、吡唑醚菌酯、氟虫腈3 种农药检测检测下限分别为0.1 mg/kg，0.03mg/kg，0.02 mg/kg，保质期为1 年，符合《GB27632021食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》对生乳中农药残留做出明确限量规定吡虫啉、吡唑醚菌酯、氟虫腈最大残留量0.1 mg/kg，0.03 mg/kg，0.02 mg/kg要求。[结论]该方法操作简单，快速灵敏，稳定准确，可以作为前期农残检测的快速筛查手段。 相似文献
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Heptachlor epoxide residues exceeding the maximum residue limit of 0.2 mg/kg have been found in fat of cattle grazed on land previously treated with heptachlor prior to planting potatoes or maize. To determine the residues accumulated in cattle exposed to contaminated land and the rate of decline on removal from the contamination, steers were grazed on a former potato paddock which had been treated the 2 previous years with heptachlor at 1.1 kg/ha. Soil residues in the paddock varied from a total of 0.42 mg/kg heptachlor and its epoxide at the beginning of the trial to 0.31 mg/kg after 16 months. Residues in the soil decreased only slightly down to a depth of 300 mm. Pasture residues were less than 0.02 mg/kg (wet basis). Heptachlor epoxide residues in the body fat of the steers increased during 19 months of exposure and reached a maximum of 0.72 mg/kg. In 4 steers removed after 14 weeks exposure, the heptachlor epoxide concentrations continued to increase from a mean of 0.24 mg/kg to a mean of 0.34 mg/kg after a further 4 weeks. Concentrations then fell progressively with a half life of 11 weeks in the body fat. There was an apparent relationship between pasture length and body fat residue, with residues increasing as pasture length decreased. The results of the experiments preclude the option of grazing cattle on pasture grown on soil treated with heptachlor for any extended period of time. It is possible that if short pastures and soft soil are avoided, and if cattle are not exposed to contaminated land for any more than 1 week in each month, then residues would remain below the maximum residue limit of 0.2mg/kg heptachlor. 相似文献
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Blakley BR Clark EG Fairley R 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(5):385-387
Young pigs, six to ten weeks of age, from two unrelated swine operations were fed a grower ration obtained from a common commercial supplier. Following ingestion of the feed for approximately two weeks, pigs in both groups developed neurological disturbances characterized by blindness, ataxia, incoordination, muscle tremors, posterior paralysis, and quadriplegia. Vocalization described as “screaming” was also observed in several animals. Necropsy findings and tissue arsenic concentrations were consistent with a diagnosis of phenylarsonic acid poisoning. The liver and kidney contained an average arsenic content of 2.9 and 1.8 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively. The feed contained 38 mg of arsenic/kg corresponding to 133 mg roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid)/kg. This level of roxarsone is approximately three to five times higher than the levels recommended for swine rations. The feed company had placed roxarsone in the ration at levels recommended for the less toxic arsanilic acid. It was assumed that the two organic arsenicals could be added to the rations interchangeably at the same level of formulation. The present investigation indicated that roxarsone is more toxic than arsanilic acid and the margin of safety in swine rations is low. 相似文献
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Twenty-four female Beagle dogs, 7-8 months old, were assigned to 4 groups. Control, low-dosage, medium-dosage, and high-dosage groups were offered 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg of sodium arsenite per kilogram of body weight per day (mg/kg/day), respectively, in their feed (equivalent to 0.0, 33.4, 66.7, and 133.4 micrograms/g in feed). On day 59, the dosage was doubled for the rest of the experiment, which ended on day 183. In general, arsenic concentrations in tissues and body fluids reflected arsenic levels in feed. Arsenic caused a dose-related decrease in food intake. Statistically significant differences in blood, liver, and kidney arsenic were detected, in most cases, between the 2 higher dosage groups and controls. The greatest differences in arsenic concentrations between groups were present in urine and hair. Results indicate that urine and hair would be the most useful specimens for chemical analysis when attempting to confirm low-level dietary inorganic arsenic exposure or poisoning. 相似文献
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Ortega-Jimenez E Alexandre G Arquet R Mahieu M Xandé A 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(2):151-165
In Guadeloupe, small ruminants are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotative grazing systems (irrigated, fertilized and high-stocked tropical pastures) allow satisfactory levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control these. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (residuals remained, RR). The same design was carried out over two years with Creole goats and Martinik sheep. An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year (dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats (36.0+/-2.5 kg) or 20 ewes (46.8+/-2.4 kg). The systems exhibited high levels of productivity in both species compared to other results in the tropics: more than 50 and 30 offspring born alive per hectare and per reproductive season for the goat and ewe flocks, respectively. The annual production at birth was 110 kg kids/ha per year and 133 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 21% more). Corresponding values at weaning were 630 kg kids/ha per year and 785 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 25% more). The RM system produced 10% more than the RR system in Creole goats, while it produced 35% more in Martinik sheep. Seasonal effects and other factors of variation are discussed. 相似文献
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Analytical methods were introduced for the determination of residues of ectoparasiticides containing pyrethroid and organophosphate active ingredients in foods. Milk and edible tissues of cows treated with three experimental ectoparasiticides (containing cypermethrin + diazinon, deltamethrin + diazinon and alphamethrin + diazinon, respectively) were assayed for the presence of active ingredient residues. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were not detected in any of the samples processed. Diazinon residues could only be detected in milk samples taken on the first day after treatment (0.005-0.025 mg/kg) and in liver and fat tissue samples taken on the day of slaughtering (0.12 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively). Permethrin and propetamphos residues were determined in the skin, meat and liver of chickens kept on 'Blotic-B' treated litter and in eggs collected at different times after the treatment of layer houses. Permethrin residues could not be detected in any of the samples (< 0.01 mg/kg). Meat and fat tissues of chickens slaughtered on the day after treatment contained small amounts of propetamphos (0.003 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively). In the case of chickens kept on the treated litter and slaughtered after one week, active ingredient was not detected in meat, but 0.006 mg/kg propetamphos was present in the fat. The residue content of other samples (liver, egg) was below the detection limit of the applied method at all sampling times. From the food toxicological point of view these pesticide combinations can be used safely if the recommended withdrawal period is observed between ectoparasiticide administration and slaughter. 相似文献
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The influence that decreased functional hepatic mass had on blood arsenic concentrations in dogs after they were treated with thiacetarsamide, on the clearance of indocyanine green (ICG), on arsenic concentrations in the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), and on drug efficacy was studied. Dogs which were partially hepatectomized and treated with thiacetarsamide (1.76 mg/kg, 2 times a day for 2 days) had a significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced ICG clearance, significantly (P less than 0.01) higher arsenic levels in heartworms, and a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher proportion of heartworms killed than did dogs that were sham operated and treated with thiacetarsamide or sham operated and untreated. There were no significant differences in blood arsenic (thiacetarsamide) concentrations 2 minutes after injection between hepatectomized and nonhepatectomized groups. More male heartworms were killed than were female worms in the thiacetarsamide-treated groups. Indocyanine green half-life was longer (12.43 minutes) in the hepatectomized group than it was in the nonhepatectomized sham-operated groups (5.09 and 4.94 minutes). Indocyanine green clearance rate was lower in the hepatectomized group (0.54 ml/min/kg) than that in the nonhepatectomized groups (1.36 and 1.56 ml/min/kg). A parallel seemed to exist between ICG and thiacetarsamide removal from the blood by the liver. This parallel also was suggested in the higher worm arsenic (thiacetarsamide) concentrations for the hepatectomized group vs that for nonhepatectomized groups. Apparently, the slower the removal of thiacetarsamide from the blood by the liver, the higher the worm arsenic level and, consequently, the higher the worm kill. 相似文献
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Katsumata E Hori T Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(5):619-623
Spotted seals (Phoca largha) and related crossbreeds maintained at Kamogawa Sea World breed seasonally from the end of January to middle of March. For contraception in these animals, the effect of a single administration of a contraceptive synthetic luteal hormone for dogs, proligestone (PRG), was investigated. The animals tested were 10 seals aged 4-24 years old, and a total of 35 trials were performed over five years. PRG was administered in 23 trials during January, which was one month before the estimated estrus, and in 12 trials during December of the previous year, which was two months before the estimated estrus. The dose of PRG was 5 mg/kg in 32 trials and 10 mg/kg in 3 trials. The effect of the contraception was judged by the presence or absence of delivery. Among 23 animals treated in January, 2 animals treated with 5 mg/kg PRG became pregnant, but the contraception was successful in the other 21 animals. Contraception was successful in all 12 trials treated with 5 mg/kg PRG in December. Overall, contraception was successful in 94.3% (33/35). Therefore, a single administration of 5 mg/kg PRG in December may be an effective method of contraception for seals. 相似文献
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H Berger T R Garces R K Fisher R L DeLay G O Gale J E Boyd K L Simkins 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(5):852-854
Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue studies were conducted in sows and gilts with a levamisole gel containing 11.5% levamisole HCl. In 12 sows and 12 gilts, 8 mg of levamisole HCl equivalent/kg of body weight orally was 100% (resinate) and 91.1% (gel) effective against 55-day-old Ascaris suum and 100% (gel) and 96.1% (resinate) effective against Oesophagostomum dentatum. In 20 sows given levamisole gel (8 mg of levamisole HCl/kg) orally just before breeding, 4 to 6 weeks after breeding, 4 to 6 weeks before farrowing, and just before farrowing, there were no adverse effects. Transient salivation was noticed in five sows after treatment. In 4 groups of 4 sows each given levamisole gel orally to provide 8, 24, 40, or 80 mg of levamisole HCl/kg, adverse clinical signs were not observed in sows treated with 8 mg/kg. Transient salivation was noticed in one sow given 24 mg/kg, two sows given 40 mg/kg, and four sows given 80 mg/kg. Multiple emesis and chomping occurred in one sow given 80 mg/kg. Levamisole residues in edible tissues from sows given 8 mg of levamisole gel/kg orally were less than 0.1 mg/kg of muscle and fat in sows killed on posttreatment day (PTD) 3 and less than 0.1 mg/kg of kidney in sows killed on PTD 5. Liver residues averaged 0.78 mg/kg in sows killed on PTD 3 and were reduced to 0.31 mg/kg in sows killed on PTD 5. The 99% upper tolerance limit with 95% confidence on the withdrawal time to assure levamisole residues of less than 0.10 mg/kg in liver tissue was 11 days. 相似文献