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1.
军曹鱼幼鱼维生素C需要量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用初体均重为25.85 g的军曹鱼幼鱼225尾随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复15尾.分别投喂添加5种不同剂量维生素C(添加量分别为0、37.5、75、150和300 mg/kg)的试验饲料,试验期为56 d,观察维生素c对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、组织维生素C积累量及非特异性免疫的影响.结果表明,随着饲料中维生素C添加量增加,军曹鱼幼鱼增重率和特定生长率呈现出上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg时达到最高值,显著高于0和300 mg/kg组(P<0.05).全鱼粗蛋白质含量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的升高亦呈现先上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg时达到最高值,全鱼干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量在各组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05).血清维生素C积累量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势,在150 mg/kg时达到最高值且显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05);脑和肝脏中维生素C含量在300 mg/kg时达到最高值.300 mg/kg组脑中维生素C含量显著高于0,37.5和75 mg/kg组(P<0.05),肝脏中维生素C含量显著高于0,37.5和150 mg/kg组(P<0.05).随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加,溶菌酶活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg达到最高,显著高于0,37.5和300 mg/kg组(P<0.05);血清总抗氧化能力呈现上升趋势,75、150和300 mg/kg组显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05);肾抗氧离子自由基在150 mg/kg组达到最高,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05).以鱼体增重率和血清溶菌酶含量为指标,经折线模型回归分析求得军曹鱼幼鱼饲料中维生素C的适宜添加量分别为70和80.72 mg/kg. 相似文献
2.
选用初始体质量为(7.46±0.29)g的欧亚鲈幼鱼为试验对象,投喂6种不同水平的维生素C(0、50、100、200、400和800 mg/kg)的试验饲料,饲养8周,探讨欧亚鲈幼鱼饲料维生素C的适宜含量。结果表明,饲料中维生素C添加量从0.0升高到100 mg/kg时,鱼体增重率呈上升趋势,添加量为100 mg/kg显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但添加量继续增大,对鱼体增重率无显著变化(P>0.05);经折线模型分析表明,欧亚鲈鱼种达到最大生长时,饲料中的维生素C的最低添加量为93.58 mg/kg。欧亚鲈肝脏中维生素C含量随着饲料中维生素C(0～200 mg/kg)的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),但添加量继续升高,则肝脏中维生素C达到饱和状态,经折线分析表明,肝脏中维生素C达到饱和时,饲料中的维生素C的最低添加量为149.27 mg/kg。急性胁迫前,各组血糖之间无显著差异(P>0.05),急性胁迫后,血糖升高峰值最低和恢复最快的是饲料中维生素C为400～800 mg/kg。在本试验条件下,欧亚鲈幼鱼达到最大生长、肝脏维生素C饱和及抗拥挤胁迫的维生素C适宜添加量分别为93.58、149.27 mg/kg和400 mg/kg。 相似文献
3.
在实用饲料(含铜11.1 mg/kg)中分别添加0(对照)、5、10、20和40 mg/kg铜[以五水硫酸铜(CuSO_4·5H_2O)形式],制成5种试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(98.1±0.5)g的斑点叉尾42 d,研究实用饲料中补充铜对斑点叉尾生长和体色的影响。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾鱼。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加10 mg/kg铜显著提高了鱼体的增重率(P0.05),显著降低了饲料系数(P0.05);饲料铜添加量进一步增加到40 mg/kg,鱼体的增重率则较添加量为10 mg/kg时显著降低(P0.05),同时饲料系数显著升高(P0.05)。肝脏和骨骼铜含量随着饲料中铜添加量的增加而上升,其中20、40 mg/kg铜添加组的肝脏铜含量显著高于对照组和5 mg/kg铜添加组(P0.05),40 mg/kg铜添加组的骨骼铜含量也显著高于对照组(P0.05),而肌肉铜含量保持基本不变(P0.05)。饲料中添加0~40 mg/kg铜对斑点叉尾背部皮肤、肌肉色度值、总叶黄素含量及背部皮肤酪氨酸酶活性均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。各组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性和总胆红素(T-Bil)含量以及肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异(P0.05)。10 mg/kg铜添加组具有最高的血清铜锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)活性,显著高于其他各组(P0.05),而其他各组间则无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾实用饲料中铜的添加量建议为10 mg/kg(饲料铜含量实测值为20.2 mg/kg)。 相似文献
4.
饲料胆固醇含量对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、组织生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲料胆固醇含量对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、组织生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢相关酶活性的影响。在以酪蛋白为主要蛋白质源的基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、5、10、15、20和25 g/kg的胆固醇,配制成6种等氮等能试验饲料,并分别命名为C0、C0.5、C1、C1.5、C2和C2.5,饲料中胆固醇实测含量分别为2.6、7.5、12.7、17.2、22.2和27.2 g/kg,投喂360尾平均初重为(84.30±0.25)g的斜带石斑鱼10周。每种试验饲料设3个重复,每个重复投喂20尾鱼。结果表明:随着饲料胆固醇含量的升高,增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料效率(FE)呈先上升后下降的趋势。C0.5组WGR、PER和FE最高且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各添加组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),粗灰分含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。肝脏总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量随饲料胆固醇含量的升高而上升,肌肉TC和TG含量不受饲料胆固醇含量的显著影响(P0.05)。随饲料胆固醇含量的上升,血清TC、TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量先上升后趋于平稳,血清HDL-C/LDL-C呈下降趋势。C2.0组血清TG含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2.5组血清HDL-C含量显著高于对照组和C0.5、C1.5组(P0.05),C2.5组血清LDL-C含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),对照组血清HDL-C/LDL-C显著高于各添加组(P0.05)。随着饲料胆固醇含量的升高,斜带石斑鱼肝脏苹果酸酶(ME)活性呈升高趋势,C1.5、C2.0和C2.5组显著高于其他组(P0.05);肝脏肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅰ(CPTⅠ)活性先下降后趋于平稳,对照组显著高于其他组(P0.05);肝脏CYP7A1活性则先上升后趋于平稳,以C2.5组活性最高,较对照组升幅达35.48%(P0.05)。本试验中,以W GR和肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)活性为评价指标进行折线模型分析得出,斜带石斑鱼对饲料中胆固醇的需要量分别为7.43和8.70 g/kg。 相似文献
5.
叶酸维生素C等饲喂肉雏增重试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1990年7月20日至9月5日选用22日龄笼养艾维因肉雏(北京种蛋)200只,在以玉米(前期占60%。后期64%)和豆饼(前期20%,后期16%)为主的日根中,分别添加叶酸、VC 和 VB_(12)的不同剂量配方,试验45天,以对照组总增重指数为100%,则叶酸0.5mg/kg 饲料组为124%,叶酸0.5mg+VC2mg/kg 饲料组:和叶酸0.5mg/kg 饲料+VC 2 mg/kg 饲料+VB_(12)2.5μg/只·日组均为126%,3组增重效果均极显著(P<0.01)。VB_(12)2.5μg/只·日组也有一定效果,但不明显。结果表明,玉米-豆饼型雏鸡日粮中叶酸和 VC 的含量可能不足,影响仔鸡生长,而添加效果明显。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在研究饲料中不同水平的脂肪和维生素E对罗非鱼生长、免疫应答和对链球菌抵抗力的影响。基础饲料(粗蛋白35%,消化能14.23MJ/kg)分别添加6%、10%和14%的混合油脂(玉米油和曼哈顿鱼油比例为1:1)和维生素E50mg/kg、100mg/kg和200mg/kg。每个试验组3个重复,连续饲喂12周。罗非鱼体增重、摄食量和存活率不受饲料中脂肪和维生素E水平的影响,添加14%脂肪组罗非鱼饲料效率显著比添加6%脂肪组低,但与添加10%脂肪组无显著差异。这些变化不受饲料中维生素E水平的影响。添加14%脂肪和100mg/kg的维生素E组的罗非鱼全鱼脂肪含量显著增加。肝脏中的α-维生素E水平与饲料中维生素E的变化趋势一致,但在添加14%脂肪组显著降低。血液学指标和肝指数不受饲料中各处理组的影响。添加14%脂肪水平组罗非鱼血清蛋白显著增加,但不受饲料中维生素E水平的影响。而添加200mg/kg的维生素E后,罗非鱼溶菌酶活性不受日粮中脂肪梯度影响,但在添加200mg/kg维生素E处理组显著增加。添加10%和14%脂肪水平组罗非鱼补体活性显著降低,但维生素E添加量达到100mg/kg或200mg/kg时补体活性随之增... 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究饲料中铬源及铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响,探讨3种铬源在饲料中的最适添加水平。采用双因素试验设计,铬源分别为氯化铬(Cr Cl3)、吡啶甲酸铬(Cr-Pic)和蛋氨酸铬(Cr-Met),铬添加水平分别为0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2和2.0 mg/kg,配制成16种试验饲料,投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾8周。挑选初始体重为(0.897±0.001)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾1 920尾,随机分为16组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾。结果表明:铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对凡纳滨对虾的终末体重、增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响(P0.05)。铬添加水平为0.3~2.0 mg/kg的各组幼虾的终末体重、增重率显著高于未添加铬组(P0.05),以Cr-Met形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时上述指标达到最大值。Cr Cl3和Cr-Met组在铬添加水平为0.9 mg/kg时饲料系数最低,但与铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg时差异不显著(P0.05);Cr-Pic组在铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg时饲料系数最低。3种铬源下,蛋白质效率均在铬添加水平为0.9 mg/kg时达最大值,但与铬添加水平为1.2mg/kg时差异不显著(P0.05)。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对全虾粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白质和水分含量无显著影响(P0.05)。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯含量均有显著影响(P0.05),以Cr-M et形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时呈现出最高的血清总蛋白含量和最低的血清葡萄糖含量。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶及总超氧化物歧化酶活性有显著影响(P0.05),以Cr-Met形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时血清酚氧化物酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性最高。以增重率为评价指标,以Cr Cl3、Cr-Pic和Cr-Met为铬源时,经折线模型得出饲料中铬的适宜添加水平分别为1.33、1.27、1.04 mg/kg。通过比较可知,Cr-Met的相对生物利用率最高,Cr-Pic次之,Cr Cl3最低。 相似文献
8.
维生素C对笼养蛋雏鸭的生产性能和机体抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文旨在研究玉米-豆粕型日粮添加不同水平维生素C(VC)对笼养蛋鸭育雏期(1～28日龄)的生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响.试验采用单因素随机分组设计的方法,选用1日龄平均体重相近的金定蛋雏鸭288只,随机分为6组(各处理日粮中分别添加VC 0、150、300、400、800、1 400 mg/kg),每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭,结果表明:①在笼养蛋鸭育雏期添加150～1 400 mg/kg VC能显著提高日增重、饲料效率和抗氧化能力,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的浓度(P<0.05).②5日龄,日粮添加800 mg/kg VC时血清和肝脏中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的活性最高;28日龄,日粮添加300～400 mg/kg VC时血清和肝脏中SOD、CAT和T-AOC活力较高;28日龄血清和肝脏抗氧化指标高于5日龄.③大剂量的VC对蛋鸭的生产性能和机体的抗氧化指标都有降低的趋势.因此在本试验条件下得出:笼养蛋雏鸭日粮中适当添加VC可提高生产性能和机体抗氧化能力,1～5日龄日粮添加VC 800 mg/kg,6～28日龄添加VC 300～400 mg/kg为适宜. 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加硒代蛋氨酸(Se-Met)对条纹锯鮨生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响。选取初始体重为(81.62±0.75) g的健康条纹锯鮨幼鱼540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。各组分别投喂硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44、0.58、0.77和1.05 mg/kg的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的终末体重和增重率最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的饲料系数最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.77和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。2)饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肌肉粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于除饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的其他各组(P 0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.44 mg/kg组的肌肉粗灰分含量最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。3)饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肝脏中硒含量显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21和0.44 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清中硒含量最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。4)饲料硒含量为1.05 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.77和1.05 mg/kg组。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为1.05 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和0.58 mg/kg组(P0.05)。5)饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GPx活性最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0. 44、0. 58和0. 77 mg/kg组(P 0. 05)。饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GR活性最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0. 44、0. 58和1. 05 mg/kg组(P 0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GST活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.44、0.58、0.77和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.44 mg/kg组的肝脏CAT活性最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。6)饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清总蛋白含量最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清总胆固醇含量最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0. 09、0. 21和0. 44 mg/kg组(P 0. 05)。饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的血清免疫球蛋白M含量和溶菌酶活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。以增重率、肝脏中硒含量、血清溶菌酶活性为评价指标,通过二次曲线分析得出条纹锯鮨对硒的适宜需求量分别为0.62、0.92、0.72 mg/kg,可见饲料中硒的适宜含量为0.62~0.92 mg/kg。 相似文献
10.
大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在通过研究酵母硒对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构的影响,评价大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性。在基础饲料中分别添加0(Y0)、0.5(Y0.5)、2.5(Y2.5)、5.0 mg/kg(Y5.0)(以硒计)酵母硒,其中0.5 mg/kg是硒的最高推荐剂量,2.5和5.0 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量(0.5 mg/kg)的5和10倍。基础饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg。选用初始体重为(12.99±0.01)g大口黑鲈,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20尾,试验期为10周。结果表明:Y0组增重率和摄食率最低,同时其饲料系数也最低,均显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。Y0组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y0.5组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y2.5组血浆中尿素氮含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y2.5组、Y5.0组血浆中免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于Y0组、Y0.5组(P0.05)。与Y0组相比,酵母硒的添加显著降低了血浆中丙二醛的含量(P0.05),且显著提高了血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P0.05)。Y5.0组肝脏硒含量显著高于Y0组、Y 0.5组(P0.05),与Y2.5组无显著差异(P0.05)。硒日摄入量和肝脏硒含量呈显著线性相关(P0.05),肝脏硒含量随硒日摄入量的提高呈线性增加。各组大口黑鲈的肝脏都有不同程度的损伤,但添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒对肝脏损伤有缓减作用。由上述结果可知,饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒(总硒含量为1.29 mg/kg)对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能,且对大口黑鲈是安全的。本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构,饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg时,大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受剂量为0.5 mg/kg(以硒计),即为硒的最高推荐剂量,安全系数为1。鱼粉、磷虾粉等动物蛋白质源中含有较高水平的硒元素,因此在高鱼粉水产动物饲料中补充硒要慎重。 相似文献
11.
饲料中维生素A水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在研究5种等氮等能饲料中,维生素A添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响。试验选用平均初始体重为(0.069±0.005)g的凡纳滨对虾450尾,随机分为5个处理组,每组90尾,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。试验采用单因素设计,以维生素A醋酸酯为维生素A源,用添加不同水平维生素A(添加量分别为0、18、365、4和72 mg/kg)的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾,试验期11周。结果表明:在养殖前4周,饲料中添加维生素A显著促进凡纳滨对虾的生长(P<0.05),提高其对饲料利用效率(P<0.05),而对对虾的成活率不产生显著的影响(P>0.05);第11周的结果表明,饲料中添加维生素A并不能显著影响凡纳滨对虾的生长、饲料利用效率和成活率(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P<0.05),对对虾体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血液红细胞数量的影响显著(P<0.05),饲料中未添加维生素A或过量添加(超过36 mg/kg)均导致血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血细胞总数显著下降(P<0.0 5),而对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力无显著影响(P>0.0 5)。用折线回归模型分析饲料维生素A添加量与对虾增重率的变化关系,表明在试验前4周,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A的适宜添加量为2 2.5 0 mg/kg;1 1周试验期间,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A适宜添加量为1 8 mg/kg;以溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A最适添加量为5 9.5 1 mg/kg。 相似文献
12.
Effects of vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of layer ducklings
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary vitamin C supplements on growth performance, antioxidant status and humoral immunity of layer ducklings. The results showed that the body weight and daily body weight gain of ducklings increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary vitamin C supplementations and reached a maximum at 400 mg vitamin C/kg feed. The dietary vitamin C supplementations reduced the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in serum and liver of ducklings at day 5 and 28. Additionally, feeding 400 mg/kg or 800 mg vitamin C/kg feed increased IgM and IgA concentrations in sera (p < 0.05) and serum IgG concentrations increased (p < 0.05) following supplementation in concentrations of 150-800 mg vitamin C/kg feed. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary vitamin C supplements of 400 mg/kg feed provide optimal effects on growth performance, antioxidant status and parameters of humoral immunity. 相似文献
13.
432只产蛋率为49.5%的60周龄的海兰褐商品蛋鸡随机分为3个组。开食时,A组(对照组)给予低维生素日粮(VA 3000IU/kg,VE10IU/kg,VD 300IU/kg,VC 20mg/kg,VK4mg/kg,多维20mg/kg);B组给予中等维生素日粮(5倍对照);C组给予高维生素日粮(10倍对照)。结果表明,与A组相比,B组、C组达50%产蛋率的试验天数显著(p<0.05)减少;换羽期产蛋率、产蛋量极显著(p<0.01)提高,料蛋比、死亡率和破软蛋率极显著(p<0.01)降低;C组换羽后破软蛋率、换羽后死亡率分别显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.01)降低,且换羽后效益最好,比对照组提高18.13%。 相似文献
14.
15.
Influence of dietary rapeseed oil, vitamin E, and copper on the performance and the antioxidative and oxidative status of pigs. 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
We investigated the effects of dietary copper and vitamin E in diets containing 6% rapeseed oil on the performance and the antioxidative and oxidative status of growing pigs. The 10 dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (9 mg of vitamin E/kg feed, 15 mg of Cu/kg feed), the basal diet + 6% rapeseed oil (Diet 1; 18 mg of vitamin E/kg feed, 15 mg of Cu/kg feed), and Diet 1 plus supplements of vitamin E (0, 100, and 200 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed) and copper (0, 35, and 175 mg of Cu/ kg feed) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eight or nine pigs were given ad libitum access to each diet from 25 to 100 kg of live weight. The inclusion of rapeseed oil tended (P < .10) to improve ADG and feed utilization. Compared with the addition of 35 mg of Cu/kg, the addition of 175 mg/kg improved growth rate and increased feed intake early in the experiment, but, over the total experiment, neither 35 nor 175 mg of Cu/kg affected performance. Compared with the addition of 100 mg of vitamin E/kg or no addition, the addition of 200 mg/kg reduced ADG over the total experiment (P = .05). The antioxidative and oxidative status of the pigs was evaluated in terms of blood and liver concentrations of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), prooxidants (Cu), concentrations of lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol), fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and clinical chemical (creatine kinase and glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminase) and hematological variables that indicate the level of oxidative stress. There were no vitamin E deficiency signs or increased oxidative stress in pigs fed low dietary vitamin E levels, and no prooxidative effect of Cu was found. Increasing dietary levels of vitamin E increased the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and liver. Supplementation with Cu increased liver concentrations of Cu and alphatocopherol. The progression in liver TBARS was reduced by the addition of vitamin E and Cu. The addition of rapeseed oil changed the fatty acid composition of liver, increased alpha-tocopherol concentration in plasma and Cu concentration in liver, and reduced the rate of lipid oxidation in liver. In conclusion, even though the effects were minor, vitamin E, Cu, and rapeseed oil improved the antioxidative status of the live pigs. 相似文献
16.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (DL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate) on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). A total of 180 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 x 3 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin C (100 and 200 mg/kg of diet) or three levels of vitamin E (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of diet). Then, 200-mg vitamin C/kg of diet, compared with that of 100 mg/kg of diet, and higher dietary vitamin E inclusions resulted in a higher performance. The interaction between vitamin C and vitamin E for final body weight change (p=0.01) and feed efficiency (p=0.02) was detected. Final body weight change and feed efficiency increased to a higher extent by increasing dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Carcass characteristics improved with an increase of both dietary vitamin C and vitamin E (p=0.004). The interactions on carcass characteristics were all significant (p=0.02) and manifested themselves in a way that they were improved to a higher extent by an increase of dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP and EE) was greater with higher dietary vitamin C (p < 0.02) and also with higher vitamin E (p=0.07). There were no interactions detected for digestibility of nutrients (p=0.32). Taken together, the results of the present study conclude that a combination of 200 mg of vitamin C and 250 mg of vitamin E provides the greatest performance in Japanese quails reared under heat stress and can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry diet, alleviating the negative effects of heat stress. 相似文献
17.
Ao T Pierce JL Pescatore AJ Cantor AH Dawson KA Ford MJ Shafer BL 《British poultry science》2007,48(6):690-695
1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bioplex Zn (a chelated zinc proteinate) and phytase supplementation in a maize-soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc (Zn) content of broiler chicks. Treatment structure consisted of a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement with two inclusions of phytase (0 or 500 PU/kg) and 6 of Bioplex Zn providing 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg Zn/kg diet. A total of 864 chicks were randomly assigned to each of 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages of 12 chicks. 2. Dietary inclusion of phytase increased feed intake, weight gain, plasma Zn content, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 3. Dietary supplementation of Bioplex Zn linearly increased feed intake, weight gain, gain to feed ratio, plasma Zn concentration, liver Zn concentration, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 4. An interactive effect of phytase and Bioplex Zn on feed intake, weight gain, tibia Zn concentration and tibia ash weight was found. 5. One slope, straight broken-line analysis of weight gain regressed on the supplemental Zn level provided as Bioplex Zn indicated that 12 mg/kg supplemental Zn without phytase and 7.4 mg/kg supplemental Zn with phytase were required for the optimal weight gain of chicks. 相似文献
18.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E (dL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate) and selenium (Se; Na2-SeO3) on performance, digestibility of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). A total of 120 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 x 2 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin E (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) or two levels of Se (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg of diet). A 250-mg vitamin E/kg of diet compared with that of 125 mg/kg of diet and higher dietary Se inclusions (0.1 vs. 0.2 mg/kg) resulted in a better performance (p=0.001). The interaction between vitamin E and Se for feed intake (p=0.03), final body weight change (p=0.03) and feed efficiency (p=0.001) was detected. Carcass yield increased with increasing both dietary vitamin E and Se (p=0.001). The interactions on carcass characteristics were all non-significant (p > 0.06). Digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP and ether extract) was higher with higher dietary vitamin E (p=0.03), and DM digestibility was also higher with higher dietary Se (p=0.05). There were no interactions detected for digestibility of nutrients (p=0.28). From the results of the present study, it was concluded that a combination of 250 mg of vitamin E and 0.2 mg of Se provides the greatest performance in Japanese quails reared under heat stress and this combination can be considered as a protective management practice in Japanese quail diets, reducing the negative effects of heat stress. 相似文献