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试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合菌培养物对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和体细胞数的影响。选择30头荷斯坦奶牛,分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加复合菌培养物400 g/(头·d),试验期为37 d。测定指标包括产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率及体细胞数。结果表明,试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组增加6.84%(P>0.05);乳汁体细胞数下降率比对照组提高29.78%(P<0.05);两组奶牛乳脂、乳蛋白之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,复合菌培养物在降低体细胞数和改善奶牛产奶性能方面具有良好的效果。 相似文献
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应用DHI对某奶牛群生产性能进行综合分析,探索在奶牛牧场管理过程中,牛奶体细胞数SCC与奶牛产奶量、健康、胎次的关系,以期应用DHI提高奶牛生产性能。应用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)体系对900头产奶牛进行测定和分析,发现在奶牛泌乳的各个阶段,随着牛奶体细胞数增高,各胎次奶牛产奶量呈逐渐下降趋势;体细胞数随着胎次的增加而上升,奶牛产奶量随奶牛胎次的变化而变化。奶牛存在产犊间隔长,繁殖障碍和营养问题,需采取相应的改进措施。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2018,(10)
为研究无乳链球菌Fc-Sip亚单位疫苗的免疫效果,并验证IgGFcRn在奶牛乳腺发生局部免疫过程中的重要作用。本研究采用大肠杆菌原核表达系统,表达了由IgGFcRn介导无乳链球菌保护性表面抗原蛋白(Sip)的融合蛋白Fc-Sip,并与佐剂混合制成Fc-Sip亚单位疫苗。选取干奶前15 d的奶牛进行加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)检测,选取120头CMT(++)以上的奶牛进行分组免疫。通过免疫前后的细菌分离试验、牛奶体细胞数测定、免疫牛血清抗体间接ELISA检测来评价该亚单位疫苗的免疫效果。结果显示,免疫前乳样细菌分菌率为86.6%,无乳链球菌检出率为46.6%;免疫后乳样分菌率降至40%,无乳链球菌检出率降至13.3%,表明Fc-Sip亚单位疫苗不但可以治疗无乳链球菌性奶牛乳房炎,还可以抑制其它奶牛乳房炎致病菌的侵入。首次免疫后60 d,免疫组80%奶牛血清抗体滴度达到1∶2 048～1∶4 096,对照组奶牛抗体滴度一直保持在1∶512。首次免疫后90 d,使用利拉伐牛奶体细胞计数仪测定实验奶牛乳样中的体细胞数,免疫组奶牛乳样体细胞数范围在0.17×10~5个/mL～3.91×10~5个/mL,对照组奶牛乳样体细胞数的范围在4.05×10~5个/mL～7.27×10~5个/mL。免疫组奶牛血清抗体滴度的升高及免疫后牛奶中体细胞数的减少,表明该亚单位疫苗促进了奶牛体液免疫反应和局部免疫反应的发生,也证明该亚单位疫苗具有降低牛奶体细胞数的作用。本研究为奶牛乳房炎无乳链球菌疫苗的研制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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奶牛纯中药乳头消毒剂的临床应用效果观察 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
将93头奶牛分成3组,1组31头用碘伏进行乳头药浴,2 组 32 头用鱼腥草、红花和明矾组成的中药乳头消毒剂进行药浴,30 头作为对照组,35 d的临床应用,结果如下:中药乳头消毒剂和碘伏能使临床型乳腺炎发病率降低,差异不显著(P>0 05);1组隐性乳腺炎的发病率,由药浴前的 58 1%下降到 48 4%,与对照组差异显著(P<0 05),2组隐性乳腺炎的发病率由药浴前的81 3%下降到药浴后的75%,与对照组差异显著(P>0 05);1 组和2组隐性乳腺炎的乳区发病率差异不显著(P>0 05),与对照组差异极显著(P<0 01);中药乳头消毒剂药浴后体细胞数和LDH活性明显降低,与药浴前差异显著(P<0 05);NAGase的活性药浴前后差异不显著(P>0 05),该中药乳头消毒剂对奶产量无显著影响。 相似文献
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An iodophor teat disinfectant was applied before milking by dip or spray to 50 cows and 50 cows were left untreated in each of three commercial herds. The mean incidence of clinical mastitis was reduced by 57 per cent, the total bacterial count by 70 per cent and the count of thermoduric organisms by 32 per cent. These results were not statistically significant, except that one herd showed a significant decrease in total bacterial count. There was no effect on somatic cell count, milk production or milk iodine residues. Atmospheric iodine concentrations increased in the two herds which applied the treatment as a spray, but the levels attained were not likely to be detrimental to human health. 相似文献
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目的：观察凹凸棒复合氯消毒剂的消毒效果和安全性。方法：将凹凸棒复合氯消毒剂和强力消毒灵按照不同的稀释度稀释后,与金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、禽巴氏杆菌、丝状霉形体山羊亚种、鸡新城疫病毒、猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒分别作用不同时间,检测其抑菌、杀毒效果。通过急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激性试验和急性眼刺激试验评价该消毒剂的安全性。结果：凹凸棒复合氯消毒剂在不同稀释倍数下对细菌和病毒有一定的抑制和杀灭作用,且无明显毒性。结论：凹凸棒复合氯消毒剂对细菌和病毒有抑制和杀灭作用,且安全、有效。 相似文献
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Prevalence of lameness and of associated claw disorders in Greek dairy cattle industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of lameness as well as the prevalence of claw–horn disruptions, abnormal claw shape and dermatitis in lame cows in Greek dairy farms and to evaluate their risk factors. Forty dairy farms were visited twice, during winter and during summer, and the lameness of milking cows was scored using a 5-point scale. In total 760 cows were lame (lameness score ≥ 3) and were further examined to identify macroscopically the claw disorders. The herd size, the trimming and footbathing frequency, the floor surface, the cleanness of the herd, the scraping frequency and the disinfectant used in the footbaths were recorded. The mean lameness prevalence was 18.7% and that of claw disorders observed in the lame cows was 75.4% for abnormal claw shape, 30.2% for dermatitis and 30.6% for claw–horn disruptions. Large herd size and the absence or only once per year trimming were associated with increased risk for the presence of lameness. 相似文献
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为了解新研制的中药精液消毒剂的消毒效果和安全性,本研究开展了体外抑菌杀毒和安全性综合评价实验。体外药效学实验显示:该消毒剂对大肠杆菌高敏,对门氏菌、禽巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均中敏,4种菌的体外MIC值分别为31.3、62.5、62.5和31.3 mg/mL;消毒剂按1∶400及以上浓度与新城疫病毒互作,可在5 min内对该病毒有100%杀灭率。安全性评价实验显示:该消毒剂的小鼠急性毒性LD50值>5000 mg/Kg,无毒性;对兔子的皮肤和眼睛染毒,无刺激;消毒剂按1∶10浓度及以下,对常温稀释保存的种公鸡精液中精子生存指数影响不大。临床应用实验显示:在冻融条件下,该消毒剂1∶10浓度组的种公鸡精液中精子存活率要显著高于其它试验组(P<0.01);消毒剂按1∶10浓度对种公鸡精液稀释消毒,种蛋受精率和孵化率都有明显提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:该消毒剂不仅对种公鸡精液中常见病原微生物具有较好的杀灭效果,而且安全无刺激、无毒,对种鸡繁育无不良影响。 相似文献
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为研究硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对泌乳期奶牛的安全性,试验选用24头泌乳期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组(每组6头),其中3个受试药物组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别给奶牛子宫内注入不同剂量的硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂,1个空白对照组(Ⅳ组),给奶牛子宫内注入一定剂量的灭菌生理盐水。给药2次,间隔72h。在给药第0天、末次给药日及停药第7天,观察记录试验奶牛的各项指标,包括体温(直肠温度)、脉搏、呼吸频率、血液生理和生化指标、精神状态等临床表现及日产奶量和乳汁体细胞数(SCC)等,并对其进行考查。结果表明,泌乳期奶牛按推荐方法使用受试药物硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂较安全,临床可用于治疗泌乳期奶牛的子宫内膜炎。 相似文献
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QU Hong-ying WEI Li-juan LIU Xin WEI Zhan-yong SONG Ting-ting JIA Xing GENG Zhi-xia WU Cong-ming ZHANG Yue 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):227-234
The aim of this experiment was to study the safety of cefquinome sulfate intrauterine infusion for lactating cows.24 healthy lactating Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups(6 cows in each group).Cows in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were respectively injected different doses of cefquinome sulfate intrauterine infusion in uterus, and cows in the blank control group(group Ⅳ) were injected the dose of sterilized saline water.The cows were injected with the tested drug in uterus for twice and the interval was 72 h.The indicators including body temperature(rectal temperature), pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, mental state, daily milk yield and somatic cell count(SCC) in milk were respectively observed and measured on the day of first administration, the day of final administration and the 7th day after final administration.The results showed that injecting lactating cows cefquinome sulfate intrauterine infusion to lactating cows as recommended dosage was safe.The drug could be used to treat endometritis of lactating cows in clinical practice. 相似文献
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A study was carried out to investigate the effect of six pre-milking teat preparation procedures on lowering the staphylococal, streptococcal and coliform microbial count on teat skin prior to cluster application. The teat preparations included 'Iodine', 'Chlorhexidine' teat foam, 'Washing and drying' with paper, 'No preparation', 'Chlorine' teat foam, and disinfectant 'Wipes'. Teat preparations were applied for five days to 10 cows for each treatment during two herd management periods (indoors and outdoors). Teats were swabbed on day four and five before teat preparation and repeated after teat preparation. The swabs were plated on three selective agars: Baird Parker (Staphylococcus spp.), Edwards (Streptococcus spp.), and MacConkey (coliform). Following incubation, microbial counts for each pathogen type were manually counted and assigned to one of six categories depending on the microbial counts measured. The results were analysed by logistic regression using SAS 28. The main analysis was conducted on binary improvement scores for the swabbing outcomes. There were no differences for staphylococcal, streptococcal and coliform bacterial counts between treatments, measured 'before' teat preparation. Treatments containing 'Chlorhexidine' teat foam (OR = 4.46) and 'Wipes' (OR = 4.46) resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the staphylococcal count on teats compared to 'Washing and drying' or 'No preparation'. 'Chlorine' teat foam (OR = 3.45) and 'Wipes' (3.45) had the highest probability (P < 0.01) of reducing streptococcal counts compared to 'Washing and drying' or 'No preparation'. There was no statistical difference between any of the disinfectant treatments applied in reducing coliforms. Thus, the use of some disinfectant products for pre-milking teat preparation can have beneficial effects on reducing the levels of staphylococcal and streptococcal pathogens on teat skin. 相似文献
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为了确定乳黄消散在奶牛临床上使用的安全剂量,筛选出20头健康奶牛随机分为4组,每组5头,即0倍剂量组(对照组)、1倍推荐剂量组、3倍推荐剂量组和5倍推荐剂量组,每天1次,经口灌服给药连用5d。试验期间,观察受试奶牛的精神状态,采食饮水,眼角、肛门有无污秽物等临床症状,并检测给药后0、3、5d的体温、血常规和生化指标。结果显示,给药后每组奶牛的精神状态良好,采食饮水正常,眼角、肛门无污秽物,且与对照组相比,不同剂量的乳黄消散对受试奶牛的体温、血液生理学指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);给药后第3天,Ⅲ组的ALB、AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、CK和CRE水平显著升高(P<0.05);给药后第5天,ALB、AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、CK、UREA和CRE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。说明乳黄消散至少3倍推荐剂量口服给药对靶动物奶牛是安全的,但5倍推荐剂量对靶动物奶牛的肝、肾有损伤。 相似文献