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1.
K Sugimoto N Sakurai M Kaneko H Shirasawa K Shibata M Miyata T Noguchi K Uematsu K Shimoda J Sakata 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(1):157-163
Use of microangiography is now essential for the study of microcirculation in various organs. Renal microangiographic studies have been reported in rats, rabbits, dogs, human beings, and mice. However, we could not find any report on use of the technique in cattle, despite high incidence of renal disease in that species. The perfusion technique used in mice was improved over that of our previous report, and was applied to normal and diseased bovine kidneys. For the microangiographic technique, composition of the contrast medium, pressure of the injection, duration of perfusion, and washing of kidneys with heparinized saline solution before perfusion are important. In cattle, 1- to 2-mm-thick sections of the kidneys were generally necessary to observe renal vasculature: arcuate and interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, and glomerular capillaries. In normal bovine kidneys, the angiographic and microangiographic findings were easily recognized as normal, compared with those of normal mice. In affected bovine kidneys, which histologically represented glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, angiography and microangiography revealed corresponding findings. 相似文献
2.
K Nordstoga 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1977,18(4):515-521
Mural necrotic lesions were produced in renal afferent arteries in rabbits, pigs and blue foxes, by intravenous injections of Liquoid. These lesions were frequently accompanied by thrombosis in the affected arterial segments and invariably by “microthrombosis” in glomerular capillaries. Mural arterial lesions were always present in cases with evident macroscopic necrotic changes of the renal cortex. Necrotic arterial lesions, with thrombosis, were also observed in pulmonary arteries in all the animal species used in these experiments, i.e. rabbit, pig, blue fox, mouse and ferret. 相似文献
3.
Comparison of the nephropathogenicity of four strains of infectious bronchitis virus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Experiments were conducted to characterize renal lesions in chickens induced by four strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); each has been described as nephropathogenic. Those strains were also compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated older chickens for nephropathogenicity. The younger birds were much more susceptible to the nephritogenic effects of the strains. All four strains produced acute renal changes consisting of tubular damage and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and edema. Although both cortex and medulla were involved, the latter was generally affected more severely. The Holte strain proved to be the least pathogenic, followed by the more pathogenic Gray and Italian strains and finally by the Australian strain. All four strains produced similar chronic renal changes in unvaccinated birds, with no correlation to the severity of lesions seen at the acute phase. Chronic active and inactive types of interstitial nephritis were seen at the chronic phase. Vaccinated birds challenged with the Australian strain had the highest prevalence of the chronic active type of interstitial nephritis. The implication of renal viral persistence in the development of chronic active interstitial nephritis is discussed. 相似文献
4.
This paper is a retrospective morphologic study of 7 young Boxer dogs, showing end-stage kidney lesions compatible with chronic pyelonephritis with severe segmental cortical atrophy and fibrosis, associated with chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation of varying degree. Azotemia was observed in 6 of the 7 cases. The gross kidney lesions were as follows: bilateral small kidneys with numerous segmental cortical scars causing depression of the renal cortical surface. Histologic examination revealed salient atrophy of nephrons, including paucity of glomeruli, glomerulocystic lesions, colloid-filled tubular microcysts, and a conspicuously increased occurrence of arteries with narrowed lumina caused by intimal thickening. These segmental abnormalities were accompanied by pronounced interstitial fibrosis. All but 1 dog showed salient tubulointerstitial lympho-plasmacytic infiltration, which in 3 cases also included diffuse infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMN)-cells and occurrence of tubular PMN-casts. Morphologic signs of abnormal metanephric differentiation (renal dysplasia) were observed in all cases in the form of atypical tubules or asynchronous nephronic development (immature glomeruli) or both. However, other morphologic primary dysplastic features were absent. Based on the morphologic features, it is concluded that the end-stage kidney disease in these young Boxer dogs was the result of chronic atrophic nonobstructive pyelonephritis, most probably caused by vesico-ureteral reflux, compatible with reflux nephropathy causing segmental hypoplasia (Ask-Upmark kidney) in man. It is proposed that atypical tubular epithelium in the form of adenomatoid proliferation of collecting duct epithelial cells should be considered an acquired compensatory lesion, rather than the result of disorganized metanephric development. 相似文献
5.
Woldemeskel M Drommer W Wendt M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(7):348-352
Tissues from ureter and renal pelvis of 18 sows naturally (n = 15) and experimentally (n = 3) infected with Actinobaculum suis (former Actinomyces, Eubacterium suis) were studied using light and scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy. The results were compared with the findings from 11 clinically healthy sows as controls. The lesions in both the ureter and renal pelvis of naturally and experimentally infected animals were similar. In severe cases there were necrotizing ureteritis and pyelitis with accumulation of bacterial colonies in some cases. Several superficial epithelial cells were found phagocytosing necrotic debris. In mild cases the main lesions included epithelial cell hyperplasia, desquamation of the superficial epithelial cells and goblet cell metaplasia with intraepithelial cyst formation. The goblet cells were found in the superficial as well as in the intermediate cell layers. Generally, it was observed that severe purulent ureteritis and pyelitis/ pyelonephritis in sows were to be expected only in mixed infection of A. suis with other bacteria. The findings were compared and discussed with the changes in the infected urinary bladder of sows and the alterations induced by urinary tract infection in man. 相似文献
6.
SUMMARY A sporadic fatal disease is described in 7 Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) from 5 deer farms in Victoria. Bilateral ophthalmia and wasting were the most significant signs in a clinical course varying from 4 to 34 days. Bilateral hypopyon, peripheral corneal opacities and interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration of the renal cortex with pronounced mural thickening and dilatation of vessels at the cortico-medullary junction were the only consistent lesions. Haemorrhagic ileitis, colitis and typhlitis were the major lesions in two deer that died 4 and 6 days after onset of clinical disease. Ecchymotic haemorrhages and sub-serosal haematomas on the intestines and mesentery were the main finding in cases with a longer clinical course. Other gross lesions varied between cases. The most significant histological lesion was fibrinoid necrotising vasculitis with adventitial lymphoid cell infiltration characteristic of bovine malignant catarrhal fever. Mucosal erosions seen in protracted cases of this disease were associated with lymphoid cell infiltration into foci of degenerating epithelial cells. In many lymph nodes there was severe follicular necroses. In chromic cases extensive proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells was seen in the parafollicular cortex and medullary sinuses of nodes which also showed discrete follicular necrosis. 相似文献
7.
Microangiography and correlated histology: a research technique for examining renal microcirculation
A technique for radiographic delineation of the microvasculature of the canine kidney is described. The renal vasculature was perfused (at a physiologic pressure) with a finely divided barium sulfate. Microangiograms of sagittal renal slices were produced, using a special radiography machine that allows low kilovolt peak, low milliamperage, and exposure times up to 5 minutes. A special high resolution film (800 lines/mm) was used. With this technique, it was possible to delineate interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries, and peritubular vessels. The kidney slices prepared for microangiography were undamaged and available for histochemical processing. Thus, the microvascularity was correlated with the histologic appearance of the renal tissues. 相似文献
8.
A morphologic study of 103 dogs, including two with renal amyloidosis, showed that different types of diffuse glomerulonephritis are correlated with different age groups. Membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were more common in middle-aged and older animals, whereas mesangial lesions were found predominantly in younger dogs and considered to be early glomerular changes. Glomerulonephritis largely occurred independently of interstitial nephritis. The incidence of interstitial lesions was 71%. Chronic interstitial nephritis was rare in dogs under 1 year old. Glomerulonephritis did not seem to induce interstitial nephritis. Glomerulonephritis occurred not only in kidneys with severe interstitial damage, but also in those with slight damage. The indicated that glomerulonephritis occurred independently of interstitial nephritis. In end-stage kidneys with severe fibrosis, mesangial changes seemed to predominate. 相似文献
9.
Microcystin-LR-induced ultrastructural changes in rats 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The ultrastructure of hepatic, pulmonary, and renal lesions was evaluated in rats injected intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of microcystin-LR (MCLR, 160 micrograms/kg), a cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa. Hepatic lesions were first seen at 10 minutes post-dosing and consisted of mild widening of hepatocyte intercellular spaces centrilobularly. At 20 minutes post-dosing, hepatocyte plasma membrane alterations were more pronounced, consisting of plasma membrane invagination with formation of variably sized and shaped intracytoplasmic vacuoles, loss of microvilli along the sinusoidal face, and widespread, pronounced hepatocyte separation. By 30 minutes, the space of Disse was markedly widened. At 60 minutes post-dosing, centrilobular areas contained necrotic cells and apparently intact, isolated, organelles intermingled with erythrocytes and platelets. In less severely affected regions there was prominent hepatocyte rounding, and erythrocytes and platelets were present in the widened space of Disse. Large amounts of hepatocellular debris and intact hepatocytes were present in the pulmonary vasculature, while smaller amounts of debris were also seen in the glomerular and peritubular capillaries of the renal cortex. This study shows that initial lesions are confined to shape changes in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. These changes are consistent with the hypothesis that microcystin-LR induces alterations in the hepatocyte cytoskeleton. Later changes consist of hepatocyte disassociation and necrosis, as well as endothelial damage, which allow release of hepatocytes and debris into the circulation with microembolism in lungs and kidneys. 相似文献
10.
Sasaki Y Kitagawa H Kitoh K Okura Y Suzuki K Mizukoshi M Ohba Y Masegi T 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(20):628-632
Pathological studies were conducted on 91 Japanese Black cattle with a hereditary disease which induced growth retardation, long hooves and renal failure. In calves one to two months old, no gross abnormalities were observed in the kidneys, but microscopical examinations revealed immature epithelia which were arranged irregularly and not attached to the basement membranes in some proximal tubules. In animals three to 36 months old, the kidneys had shrunk perceptibly and had grey-white radial streaks; microscopically they showed severe interstitial fibrosis with round-cell infiltration in the outer zone of the medulla and cortex, and reductions in the numbers of glomeruli and tubules. In the fibrotic areas there were immature epithelia with an irregular arrangement, and the basement membrane of the tubules was thickened. It was concluded that renal tubular dysplasia was the primary lesion of the disease, and that interstitial fibrosis and reductions in the numbers of nephrons were secondary lesions. 相似文献
11.
A survey of the prevalence and type of renal disease was carried out at a Dublin abattoir in 1979-80. Of 4166 cattle surveyed, 173 (4.2 per cent) had kidneys rejected for gross abnormalities. The rejection rate was 7.7, 1.7, 2.2 and 28 per cent for cows, bullocks, heifers and bulls, respectively. The most common reason for rejection was focal interstitial nephritis (60.1 per cent of rejected kidneys). Other lesions included cysts (26.0 per cent), pigmentation (6.4 per cent), pyelonephritis (3.5 per cent), amyloidosis (2.9 per cent), glomerulonephritis (0.6 per cent), renal atrophy (0.6 per cent) and agonal haemorrhage. 相似文献
12.
P A Walter D A Feeney G R Johnston T P O'Leary 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(8):999-1007
The medical records of 32 dogs with microscopically proven renal parenchymal disease were evaluated to characterize the associated ultrasonographic patterns and to assess the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnosis and management in each case. Ultrasonography provided additional information on internal renal architecture in 18 dogs with radiographic evidence of structural abnormality. Ultrasonography determined the renal origin of 2 abdominal masses, defined the extent and distribution of neoplastic disease in 6 dogs, and identified kidneys not seen on survey radiographs or excretory urograms in 5 dogs because of decreased abdominal contrast or poor function. The ultrasonographic patterns were most specific for focal and multifocal or diffuse neoplasia. Ultrasonographic findings were least specific for diffuse parenchymal disease without architectural disruption such as glomerulo/interstitial nephritis, renal tubular necrosis, and nephrocalcinosis. In these cases, biopsy was recommended. Six interpretive errors were made. Four of these errors were related to the overestimation of renal pelvic and diverticular size because of confusion with medullary papilla. Two errors occurred in the diagnosis of renal lymphosarcoma, one of which was interpreted to be pyelonephritis. The other was an interpretive dilemma because of absence of hypoechoic multifocal nodules. Renal tubular necrosis was confirmed in this case. 相似文献
13.
Syrian hamsters developed spontaneous renal lesions that resembled those of arteriolar nephrosclerosis in man, and differed from other spontaneously occurring or virus-induced renal diseases in other rodent species. Morphologic changes were mainly degenerative with little cellular exudation and were associated with histologic changes in the intrarenal vasculature. The renal lesions were progressive, often fatal and sometimes were complicated by glomerular amyloidosis with the nephrotic syndrome and uremia. Endstage kidneys often had fibrinoid necrosis of intrarenal arterioles and thus resembled lesions characteristic of the malignant phase of human essential hypertension. Fibrinoid necrosis of small arterioles was common in the uterus, ovaries or testes of affected animals; it was less frequent in mesenteric or coronary vessels. Cardiac thrombosis, often involving the left atrium or left atrioventricular valves, also was common. Changes occurred earlier and often were more severe in females than in males. This disease was a major cause of morbidity and mortality and hampered life-span studies. 相似文献
14.
Huang YY Walther I Martinson SA López A Yason C Godson DL Clark EG Simko E 《Veterinary pathology》2008,45(5):640-644
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The most common lesions of PMWS are lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous lymphadenitis, interstitial pneumonia and interstitial nephritis, with intracytoplasmic amphophilic botryoid inclusion bodies in macrophages. In addition to these typical changes, intracytoplasmic botryoid inclusion bodies were observed in bronchial, bronchial glandular, and renal tubular epithelium of several pigs from 4 different farms in Western and Eastern Canada. PCV2 inclusion bodies were demonstrated to be located in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining for PCV2 and cytokeratin antigens and by ultrastructural demonstration of viral particles in the inclusion bodies within renal tubular epithelium. 相似文献
15.
16.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the renal lesions in Bull Terrier polycystic kidney disease (BTPKD), to confirm that the renal cysts in BTPKD arise from the nephron or collecting tubule, and to identify lesions consistent with concurrent BTPKD and Bull Terrier hereditary nephritis (BTHN). DESIGN: Renal tissue from five Bull Terriers with BTPKD and eight control dogs was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Clinical data were collected from all dogs, and family history of BTPKD and BTHN for all Bull Terriers. RESULTS: In BTPKD the renal cysts were lined by epithelial cells of nephron or collecting duct origin that were usually squamous or cuboidal, with few organelles. They had normal junctional complexes, and basal laminae of varying thicknesses. Glomeruli with small, atrophic tufts and dilated Bowman's capsules, tubular loss and dilation, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis were common. Whereas the lesions seen in BTHN by light microscope were nonspecific, the presence of characteristic ultrastructural glomerular basement membrane (GMB) lesions and a family history of this disease indicated concurrent BTHN was likely in three of five cases of BTPKD. CONCLUSION: This paper provides evidence that renal cysts in BTPKD are of nephron or collecting duct origin. In addition, GBM lesions are described that strongly suggest that BTPKD and BTHN may occur simultaneously. 相似文献
17.
Reid P. Groman DVM Anne Bahr DVM MS Brian R. Berridge DVM PhD George E. Lees DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(1):62-69
Ten healthy mixed-breed dogs were used to evaluate the functional and structural effects of serial ultrasound-guided renal biopsies obtained with an automated biopsy needle. In each dog, one lateral renal cortex was biopsied at 2, 4, and 6 months of age; the other kidney was the control. Five dogs had two tissue cores and five dogs had four tissue cores taken on each biopsy occasion, and one core was examined microscopically. One week before each biopsy and a month after the final biopsy, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by renal scintigraphy. Dogs were then euthanized for evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions attributable to the biopsies. There was no difference between GFR values for biopsied kidneys and those of control kidneys ( P >0.05). Microscopic lesions were not identified in biopsies taken at 2 and 4 months, but focal lesions were found in three of 10 specimens taken at 6 months of age. At necropsy, six of 10 biopsied kidneys had small visible capsular scars, and linear tracts <2 mm wide were observed on cut surfaces in six of 10 biopsied kidneys cut transversely into slices 5 mm thick. Discrete light microscopic lesions were observed in 25 of 452 (5.5%) of randomly selected 6-mm-diameter sections of renal cortex from biopsied kidneys. We conclude that serial renal cortical biopsies can be obtained by our method from healthy adolescent dogs with minimal risk of inducing changes that might be confused with those of a progressive renal disease. 相似文献
18.
19.
Histological and ultrastructural studies of renal lesions in Babesia canis infected dogs treated with imidocarb 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Histological and electron microscopic examinations of the kidneys of 8 dogs suffering from fatal, naturally acquired Babesia canis infection and nephropathy are presented. Seven animals were treated with imidocarb dipropionate on average 4.5 days prior to death. Severe anaemia was present only in 2 cases. Degenerative histological changes observed mostly in the proximal convoluted tubules included vacuolar-hydropic degeneration, necrosis and detachment of renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells from the basement membrane. Necrotic debris occasionally formed acidophilic casts within the tubules. In some cases, necrosis of the whole tubule was observed. Haemoglobin casts in the tubules and haemoglobin droplets in RTE cells seldom appeared. No significant histological changes were seen in the glomeruli. Ultrastructural lesions in RTE cells included nuclear membrane hyperchromatosis, karyopyknosis, karyolysis, swelling or collapse of mitochondria with fragmentation of cristae and vacuolar-hydropic degeneration in the endoplasmic reticulum and microvilli. Nuclear oedema was also observed. Many RTE cells exhibiting necrosis collapsed. Vacuolar-hydropic degeneration and necrosis were also observed in the glomerular and interstitial capillary endothelium. The severe acute tubular necrosis described in this study is probably the result of hypoxic renal injury. Systemic hypotension leading to vasoconstriction in the kidneys might be the most important cause of renal hypoxia in B. canis infections, but anaemia may also contribute to inadequate oxygenation. Imidocarb should be applied with caution in patients with possible renal involvement until further data become available on its potential nephrotoxicity in dogs. 相似文献
20.
Spontaneous progressive nephropathy dominated by glomerular lesions in common marmosets has been reported. However, the histopathologic characteristics, including the relationship between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, have not been described in detail. In the present study, the authors examined the histopathologic characteristics of the background renal lesions in common marmosets (3 males and 9 females, 3 to 8 years old). The severity of glomerular lesions was graded into 3 classes: grade I, no alteration; grade II, hilar/focal increase of mesangial matrix; grade III, global/diffuse increase of mesangial matrix. Tubulointerstitial lesions (tubular regeneration and hyperplasia and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis) were scored according to the area of each lesion. The renal lesions were characterized by enlargement of glomeruli, expanded mesangial area with increase of periodic acid-Schiff reaction-positive matrix, tubular regeneration and hyperplasia, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Glomerular lesions progressed with increasing mesangial matrix and aging. Additionally, the tubulointerstitial lesions became exacerbated with progressing glomerular lesions. Tubular hyperplasia was divided into 4 types according to the structure of the cell layer (simple or stratified-like), the area of increased lining cells (partial or entire), cytoplasmic staining (eosinophilic or basophilic), brush border and thickness of basement membrane, and the activity of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the background renal lesions in common marmosets were characterized by glomerular lesions with increase of mesangial matrix, which progressed with aging, and secondary tubulointerstitial lesions, including tubular hyperplasia. Those lesions were thus diagnosed as progressive glomerulonephropathy in common marmosets. 相似文献