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秸秆饲料加工利用前景展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
农作物秸秆在自然条件下是一种劣质饲料,主要有玉米秸、麦秸、稻草、豆秸、花生秧等。其特点是:蛋白质含量低,而且品质不佳;粗纤维含量高,其中含有不易被家畜消化的木质素;无氮浸出物含量高,主要成分是半纤维素和聚糖醛酸;有些秸秆质地粗硬,适口性差,采食率极低。但是,对秸秆采用青贮、氨化、碱化、热压力加工、高强度冷压、微生物等方法进行处理后,即能分解木质素,降低粗纤维含量,提高营养价值,提高利用率、消化率、采食速度,增强适口性,增加采食量,达到减少资源浪费 相似文献
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秸秆饲料开发利用现状及前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
农作物秸秆在自然条件下是一种劣质饲料，主要有玉米秸、麦秸、稻草、豆秸、红薯藤、油菜秸、花生秧等。其特点是：粗蛋白含量低，而且品质不佳；粗纤维含量高，其中含有不易被家畜消化的木质素；无氮浸出物含量高，主要成分是半纤维素和聚糖醛酸；有些秸秆质地粗硬，适口性差，采食率极低。但是，对秸秆采用青贮、氨化、碱化、热压力加工、高强度冷压、微生物等方法进行处理后，即能分解木质素，降低粗纤维含量，提高营养价值，提高利用率、消化率、采食速度，增强适口性，增加采食量，达到减少资源浪费的目的。1 秸秆饲料开发利用现状目前… 相似文献
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<正>1秸秆及氨化1.1秸秆饲料的特点秸秆是指玉米、小麦等农作物收割后剩下的蒿秆,其特点是粗纤维含量高,一般粗纤维含量在30%~50%左右,有的甚至高达60%以上,此外秸秆还含有半纤维素和木质素等。秸秆等粗纤维饲料只适宜饲喂牛、羊等反刍动物,其适口性差,有机质消化率低,特别是木质素不易被消化吸收。1.2秸秆氨化的作用1.2.1氨化后的秸秆质地变软,适口性增强。用氨化的秸秆饲喂牛、羊,牛、羊的采食量增加,采食速度提高。氨化秸秆的饲喂效果相当于中等质量的干草。1.2.2牛、羊食氨化秸秆有利于肠道畅通,可改善消化功能。秸秆氨化后,有机质消化率可提高 相似文献
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秸秆饲料的营养特点是粗纤维含量高(占干物质的30%～40%),木质素、半纤维素、硅酸盐含量高,而且纤维素、半纤维素和木质素结合紧密,质地粗硬,适口性差,消化率低。一般每千克秸秆饲料的消化能在7.78～10.4兆焦之间;粗蛋白质含量低,豆科秸秆为8.9%～9.6%;禾本科为4.2%～6. 相似文献
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曹征贵 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》1995,(4):30-31
氨化饲料是将氨化剂,如氨水、尿素等,按一定比例加入秸秆饲料中,充分拌匀,在密封的条件下,经过一定时间的氨化处理,以提高秸秆饲料的营养价值和适口性。秸秆饲料的主要营养成分是粗纤维,粗纤维中含有纤维素、半纤维素和木质素。其中纤维素和半纤维素可以被牛羊等反刍家畜消化利用,还有部分纤维素与木质素紧密结合,难于被消化利用。氨化可以破坏纤维素与木质素表面之间的结合,并使少量木质素溶解,纤维素和半纤维素表面保护层结构改变,细胞壁膨胀,纤维软化,从而提高粗纤维的消化率。由于秸秆对氨有吸附作用,所以氨化还可以提高秸秆饲料中游离氨的含量,增加秸秆饲料中的粗蛋白质。 一、氨化饲料的制作 1.氨化原料 相似文献
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秸秆饲料的营养特点是粗纤维含量高(占干物质的30%～40%),木质素、半纤维素、硅酸盐含量高,而且纤维素、半纤维素和木质素结合紧密,质地粗硬,适口性差,消化率低. 相似文献
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秸秆饲料的营养特点是:粗纤维含量高,占干物质的30%～40%.木质素、半纤维素、硅酸盐含量高,而且纤维素、半纤维素和木质素结合紧密,质地粗硬,适口性差,消化率低.一般每千克秸秆饲料的消化能在7.78～10.4兆焦之间,粗蛋白质含量低,豆科秸秆为8.9%～9.6%;禾本科为4.2%～6.3%.粗脂肪含量为1.3%～1.8%.矿物质含量最低,缺乏动物生长所必需的钴、铜、硫、硒和碘等元素,钙和磷的含量也低于羊的营养水平.维生素含量严重缺乏,特别是羊生长所需的维生素A、维生素D和维生素E等.秸秆饲料虽有许多不足之处,但经过加工调制后,营养价值和适口性均能得到提高,仍是羊秋冬季补饲的主要饲料. 相似文献
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氨化秸秆饲料制作技术陈震林我国广大农区农作物秸秆资源丰富，是饲喂牲畜的主要粗饲料。秸秆的总能含量虽与干草相似，但由于粗蛋白质含量低、粗纤维（尤其是木质素）含量高，因而适口性差，消化率低。秸秆经氨化处理后，通过氨解反应，破坏了木质素与多糖间的酯键，氨的... 相似文献
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氨化饲料是将氨化剂,如氨水、尿素等,按一定的比例加入秸秆饲料中,充分拌匀,在密封的条件下,经过一定时间的氨化处理,以提高秸秆饲料的营养价值和适口性。秸秆饲料的主要营养成分是粗纤维。粗纤维中含有纤维素、半纤维素和木质素。其中纤维素和半纤 相似文献
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农作物秸秆是一项重要的潜在饲料资源，但是农作物秸秆粗纤维含量高，粗纤维中的木质素与角质素紧密相联，形成镶嵌物质，防碍其它营养物质的消化利用，为了提高纤维锔用价值，改善适口性，我们借鉴前人的研究结果，面对我国农区经济状况的实际，于1987年在巴盟河套农村进行了尿素氨化玉米秸秆和葵花秸秆试验研究，试验结果表明尿素处理后的秸杆适口性强，饲用价值高，适合农区大面积推广应用。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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