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1.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(4)
为了研究不同能量水平日粮对21～45日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验选择21日龄150只艾维茵肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡,在相同蛋白质水平下(19.50%),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉仔鸡分别用12.50 MJ/kg、12.90 MJ/kg和13.30 MJ/kg的能量水平日粮饲喂,预试期为3 d,正试期为21 d,检测日增重、日采食量、料重比、胴体重、腹脂率、全净膛率、胸肌率以及腿肌率。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重、日采食量均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间平均日增重、日采食量均差异不显著(P0.05),各组间料重比差异显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的胴体重、腹脂率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间胴体重、腹脂率差异不显著(P0.05),各组间全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P0.05)。说明日粮能量水平为12.90 MJ/kg时,肉鸡的生产性能和胴体性能表现较好。 相似文献
2.
日粮能量水平对6～10周龄扬州鹅生产性能与脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在探讨日粮能量水平对6～10周龄扬州鹅生产性能和脂肪沉积的影响.选用35日龄、体重相近的扬州鹅200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,公母各1/2.Ⅰ～Ⅳ组日粮能量水平分别为10.11、11.19、12.37和13.45MJ/kg,试验期35 d.结果表明:(1)Ⅱ组的平均日采食量显著高于Ⅳ组,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的料重比显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);(2)Ⅳ组的屠宰率和腿脂率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的腹脂率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);(3)日粮能量水平对血清总胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿酸、葡萄糖、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶无显著影响(P>0.05),Ⅲ组的血清高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),而极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的血清总蛋白和白蛋白显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).由此可知,高能量日粮显著提高6～10周龄扬州鹅的屠宰率、腹脂率和腿脂率,降低采食量和料重比.但是,腹脂率过高(5.4%)将导致饲料成本增加.因此,建议6～10周龄扬州鹅日粮的适宜能量水平为12.37MJ/kg. 相似文献
3.
夏季气候下饲粮能量与蛋白水平对30~60日龄麻鸭生产性能及屠宰性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究在夏季炎热气候下,饲粮能量与蛋白水平对30~60日龄肉用麻鸭生产性能及屠宰性能的影响。试验选取30日龄健康商品代麻鸭（公、母各半）1440只,随机分成12个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸭。试验采用4×3双因子试验设计,共12个处理。设4个代谢能（ME）水平（10、11、12、13 MJ/kg）、3个粗蛋白（CP）水平(13%、15%、17%)。结果表明,饲粮能量与蛋白水平极显著地影响30~60日龄麻鸭日均采食量（P<0.01）;饲粮能量水平对30~60日龄麻鸭的日均增重影响不显著（P>0.05）,饲粮蛋白17.00%组的日均增重显著高于蛋白含量13.00%和15.00%水平组（P<0.05）;饲粮能量水平极显著地影响麻鸭的料重比（P<0.01）,表现为高能量水平组的料重比显著低于其他3个能量水平组（P<0.05）,饲粮蛋白17.00%组的料重比显著低于13.00%水平组（P<0.05）;饲粮能量与蛋白水平对麻鸭屠宰率、全净膛率及腿肌率影响均不显著（P>0.05）,但17.00%饲粮蛋白组的胸肌率显著高于其他两个组（P<0.05）,饲粮能量水平极显著影响60日龄麻鸭的腹脂率（P<0.01）。结果提示,在夏季炎热气候下,建议30~60日龄麻鸭适宜能量与蛋白水平分别为13.00 MJ/kg和17.00%。 相似文献
4.
本试验采用2×5试验设计,研究了2个能量蛋白质水平(10.91 MJ/kg和18%,12.12 MJ/kg和20%)和5个赖氨酸水平(0.65%,0.80%,0.95%,1.10%和1.25%)对生长前期北京鸭生产性能的影响.选用560只7日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为10组,每组8个重复,每个重复7只鸭.每组饲喂1种试验日粮,试验期为7～21日龄.结果表明:与低能量低蛋白质日粮相比,高能量高蛋白质日粮显著降低北京鸭日采食量、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量(P＜0.05);但此2种能量蛋白质水平日粮的料重比、蛋白质和能量的日摄入量无显著差异(P＞0.05).日粮赖氨酸水平对北京鸭日增重、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量有显著影响(P＜0.05)).本试验采用折线模型估测2种能量蛋白质水平下7～21日龄北京鸭获得最大料重比时赖氨酸的需要量,在高、低能量蛋白质水平条件下,赖氨酸需要量占日粮百分比分别为0.90%、0.80%;占蛋白质百分比分别为4.50%、4.44%.由此得出,当日粮能量蛋白质水平发生改变时,应采用适当的赖氨酸与粗蛋白质比例配制日粮以达到最佳的生产性能. 相似文献
5.
油脂类型和日粮能量对肉仔鸡生长性能和脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究油脂类型和日粮能量对肉仔鸡生长性能和脂肪沉积的影响.选取900只AA公鸡分为10个组,采用3×3两因子试验设计,饲养6周,统计各阶段生产性能(体重、日采食量、日增重以及料重比),同时测定腹脂率、肝脂率、血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量,胸肌、腿肌以及排泄物中脂肪含量.结果表明,豆油组和鱼油组肉仔鸡的料重比比牛油组低(P<0.05);低、中、高能组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05).油脂类型对腹脂率的影响不显著,但呈现的趋势同样是多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸相比,可减少腹脂沉积;鱼油降低了腿肌脂肪含量(P<0.05).与对照组相比,低、中、高能组腹脂沉积均有显著性增加(P<0.05),但中能组高于高能组和低能组(P<0.000 1).排泄物中脂肪含量牛油组高于豆油组和鱼油组,3个能量水平组高于对照组(P<0.05).油脂类型和能量水平的互作对22～42 d肉仔鸡日采食量、血清甘油三酯含量以及1～4周龄肉仔鸡排泄物中脂肪含量均有显著性影响(P<0.05).由此可知,日粮中添加豆油和鱼油可以提高肉鸡的生产性能,减少脂肪浪费,但3种油脂对肉仔鸡腹脂率的影响无显著差异;能量为13.39 MJ/kg时肉仔鸡的日增重和日采食量最大;肉仔鸡脂肪的排出在饲养期的第5周达到最低. 相似文献
6.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(5)
为了研究不同能量、蛋白水平及其互作效应对鸵鸟育雏期生长性能的影响,试验按照二因素三水平,将育雏期(0～2月龄)鸵鸟日粮(精料)代谢能分为3个水平(分别为10.30,11.30,12.30MJ/kg),蛋白分为3个水平(分别为18%、20%、22%),进行排列组合后得到9组日粮。选用同一批次、1日龄、体重相近的幼鸵鸟405只,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只(不分公母),进行为期53d的饲养试验。结果表明:能量组和蛋白组对雏鸟日增重影响不显著(P0.05);能量与蛋白互作对日增重影响差异显著(P0.05);日增重随着能量、蛋白水平的升高而升高。能量组和蛋白组对雏鸟日采食量、料重比影响极显著(P0.01);能量与蛋白互作对日采食量、料重比影响显著(P0.05);日采食量和料重比随着能量、蛋白水平的升高而降低。高能高蛋白组平均日增重最高、平均日采食量最低、料重比最小。 相似文献
7.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(11):24-28
本试验旨在研究日粮蛋白质水平对1318周龄略阳乌鸡生长性能、屠体性能和血清生化指标的影响,以确定其适宜的蛋白质需要量。选取600只85日龄略阳乌鸡,将其随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(公母各半)。各处理组分别饲喂代谢能相同、蛋白质含量不同的日粮。代谢能水平均为12.34 MJ/kg,蛋白水平分别为12.39%、14.20%、16.60%、18.06%和20.15%。饲养期间以重复为单位记录试验鸡的周喂料量,每3周以重复为单位记录试验鸡空腹体重(禁食12 h后)。以此计算试验鸡的平均日增重、日采食量及料重比。并于18周龄末各重复分别选取接近相应处理组平均体重的鸡2只(公母各1只),屠宰,进行屠体性能及血清生化指标的测定。结果表明:蛋白质水平对1318周龄略阳乌鸡生长性能、屠体性能和血清生化指标的影响,以确定其适宜的蛋白质需要量。选取600只85日龄略阳乌鸡,将其随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(公母各半)。各处理组分别饲喂代谢能相同、蛋白质含量不同的日粮。代谢能水平均为12.34 MJ/kg,蛋白水平分别为12.39%、14.20%、16.60%、18.06%和20.15%。饲养期间以重复为单位记录试验鸡的周喂料量,每3周以重复为单位记录试验鸡空腹体重(禁食12 h后)。以此计算试验鸡的平均日增重、日采食量及料重比。并于18周龄末各重复分别选取接近相应处理组平均体重的鸡2只(公母各1只),屠宰,进行屠体性能及血清生化指标的测定。结果表明:蛋白质水平对1318周龄略阳乌鸡公鸡平均日增重未产生显著影响(P>0.05);其平均日采食量和料重比随日粮蛋白质水平的升高呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平对略阳乌鸡母鸡平均日增重和料重比未产生显著影响(P>0.05),但对平均日采食量及血清尿酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,当日粮能量水平为12.34 MJ/kg时,基于日粮蛋白质水平对生长性能、屠体性能以及各血清生化指标影响的综合评估,1318周龄略阳乌鸡公鸡平均日增重未产生显著影响(P>0.05);其平均日采食量和料重比随日粮蛋白质水平的升高呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平对略阳乌鸡母鸡平均日增重和料重比未产生显著影响(P>0.05),但对平均日采食量及血清尿酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,当日粮能量水平为12.34 MJ/kg时,基于日粮蛋白质水平对生长性能、屠体性能以及各血清生化指标影响的综合评估,1318周龄略阳乌鸡公鸡和母鸡适宜的蛋白需要量均为16.60%18周龄略阳乌鸡公鸡和母鸡适宜的蛋白需要量均为16.60%18.06%。 相似文献
8.
《养猪》2019,(6)
试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对肥育猪生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择150头体重70.0 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各半。按照等蛋白质等氨基酸配置饲粮,3组分别饲喂不同消化能水平(14.00 MJ/kg、13.80 MJ/kg、13.60 MJ/kg)的饲粮。试验期48 d。试验结果表明:1)生长性能:①在消化能值为13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比最高。②随着饲粮消化能水平的降低,各组间日采食量和日增重差异不显著(P0.05),消化能为14.00 MJ/kg和13.80 MJ/kg组料重比显著低于消化能13.60 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)经济效益:消化能为13.60 MJ/kg组,肥育猪单头盈利最高(1 284.66元),经济效益最佳。综上所述,该试验条件下:1)消化能水平13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪日采食量和日增重最高,单头盈利最高。2)消化能值为14.00 MJ/kg时,肥育猪体型较好。 相似文献
9.
试验旨在研究日粮不同能量蛋白质水平和赖氨酸水平对5~10周龄扬州鹅生长性能的影响。试验采用3×4二因子设计,3个能量蛋白质水平分别为:10.83 MJ/kg、15%,11.29 MJ/kg、16%,11.75 MJ/kg、17%,其蛋白质能量比均约为14 g/MJ,4个赖氨酸水平分别为:0.65%、0.80%、0.95%和1.10%。结果表明:①日粮能量蛋白质水平对6、8、10周龄扬州鹅体重没有显著影响(P>0.05),日粮赖氨酸水平显著影响扬州鹅6、8、10周龄体重(P<0.05),但能量蛋白质水平和赖氨酸水平对其没有显著交互作用(P>0.05);②日粮能量蛋白质水平显著影响5~10周龄扬州鹅的平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05),赖氨酸水平显著影响平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),能量蛋白质水平和赖氨酸水平对其没有显著交互作用(P>0.05);③中能蛋水平和最低赖氨酸水平下,5~10周龄扬州鹅可获得较佳生长性能。试验认为5~10周龄扬州鹅能量蛋白质和赖氨酸适宜需要量分别为11.29 MJ/kg、16%和0.65%。 相似文献
10.
1～28日龄东北肉鹅饲粮适宜代谢能、粗蛋白质、钙和非植酸磷水平的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验选用216只1日龄东北肉雏鹅,随机分为9个处理,每个处理设4个重复,每个重复6只试鹅,采用4因素3水平L9(34)正交试验设计,通过饲养试验、代谢试验、比较屠宰试验以及胫骨成分测定试验,研究1～28日龄东北肉鹅饲粮适宜代谢能、粗蛋白质、钙和非植酸磷水平.结果表明:饲粮代谢能水平极显著影响日增重、采食量、料重比和腹脂率(P<0.01),显著影响肠道率(肠道重/活体重×100%)(P<0.05).饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响粗蛋白质表观利用率(P<0.01),显著影响料重比、肠道率和胫骨磷(P<0.05).饲粮钙水平极显著影响磷表观利用率(P<0.01)和显著影响日增重(P<0.05).饲粮非植酸磷水平极显著影响磷表观利用率、胫骨重和胫骨钙(P<0.01),显著影响胫骨灰分和胫骨磷(P<0.05).在本试验条件下,1～28日龄东北肉鹅(莱茵鹅♂×双城本地鹅♀)饲粮适宜代谢能水平为12.5 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质水平为18%,钙水平为0.8%,非植酸磷水平为0.5%. 相似文献
11.
Stimulation of pig growth performance by porcine growth hormone and growth hormone-releasing factor 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
T D Etherton J P Wiggins C S Chung C M Evock J F Rebhun P E Walton 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(5):1389-1399
The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of human growth hormone-releasing factor [hpGRF-(1-44)-NH2] on growth performance in pigs and whether this response was comparable to exogenous porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment. Preliminary studies were conducted to determine if GRF increased plasma GH concentration after iv and im injection and the nature of the dose response. Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulated the release of pGH in a dose-dependent fashion, although the individual responses varied widely among pigs. The results from the im study were used to determine the dose of GRF to use for a 30-d growth trial. Thirty-six Yorkshire-Duroc barrows (initial wt 50 kg) were randomly allotted to one of three experimental groups (C = control, GRF and pGH). Pigs were treated daily with 30 micrograms of GRF/kg body weight by im injection in the neck. Pigs treated with pGH were also given 30 micrograms/kg body weight by im injection. Growth rate was increased 10% by pGH vs C pigs (P less than .05). Growth rate was not affected by GRF; however, hot and chilled carcass weights were increased 5% vs C pigs (P less than .05). On an absolute basis, adipose tissue mass was unaffected by pGH or GRF. Carcass lipid (percent of soft-tissue mass) was decreased 13% by GRF (P less than .05) and 18% by pGH (P less than .05). Muscle mass was significantly increased by pGH but not by GRF. There was a trend for feed efficiency to be improved by GRF; however, this was not different from control pigs. In contrast, pGH increased feed efficiency 19% vs control pigs (P less than .05). Chronic administration of GRF increased anterior pituitary weight but did not affect pituitary GH content or concentration. When blood was taken 3 h post-injection, both GRF- and pGH-treated pigs had lower blood-urea nitrogen concentrations. Serum glucose was significantly elevated by both GRF and pGH treatment. This was associated with an elevation in serum insulin. These results indicate that increasing the GH concentration in blood by either exogenous GH or GRF enhances growth performance. The effects of pGH were more marked than for GRF. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of GRF to administer in growth trials and the appropriate pattern of GRF administration in order to determine whether GRF will enhance pig growth performance to the extent that exogenous pGH does. 相似文献
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Stimulation of swine growth by porcine growth hormone 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Highly purified porcine growth hormone (pGH; USDA-B1) was administered by im injection (22 micrograms X kg body weight-1 X d-1) to rapidly growing Yorkshire barrows for 30 d. Growth hormone significantly increased growth rate (10%), feed efficiency (4%), cartilage growth and muscle mass. However, pGH did not affect carcass adipose tissue mass. Intramuscular lipid content of the longissimus was increased 50% by pGH administration. Plasma pGH concentration was elevated (7- to 11-fold) for 3 to 5 h post-injection. Chronic administration of pGH depressed pituitary GH content and concentration approximately 45%. No GH antibodies were detected in the plasma of GH-treated swine. Plasma somatomedin-C concentration was increased 55% by GH treatment 3 h post-injection. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were both significantly increased in GH-treated swine, suggesting that the animals had developed a state of insulin resistance. Plasma-free fatty acid concentration tended to be higher in GH-treated animals. Treatment of swine with pGH significantly decreased plasma blood urea nitrogen. Assessment of animal health during the trial and postmortem indicated that pGH administration did not have any adverse effects. In summary, treatment of young, rapidly growing swine with pGH stimulated growth performance without affecting animal health or inducing the production of GH antibodies. 相似文献
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1. The concentrations of circulating GH were low in 1‐week‐old birds (male plasma pool 30 ng/ml, female 32 ng/ml), reached a maximum at 7 weeks in male birds (142 ± 26 SEM ng/ml) or 4 weeks in females (185 ± 32 ng/ml) and then decreased to 17.3 ± 2–8 ng/ml in males and 8?7 ± 0–6 ng/ml in females at 17 weeks.
2. Significant inverse correlations between GH concentration and age or body weight were found (male, r = —0–693), female, r = —0–623).
3. In males, but not females, the weekly increase in body weight was correlated with the plasma GH concentration (r = 0–291). 相似文献
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Kitagawa H Kitoh K Ito T Ohba Y Nishii N Katoh K Obara Y Motoi Y Sasaki Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(2):167-170
Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined in 5 calves in the same lineage with growth retardation. They had normal appetites, activities, body proportion, and laboratory test results. Calves with growth retardation had higher serum GH concentrations and lower serum IGF-I concentrations. These findings suggested defects in the GH-IGF-1 axis, such as in the GH-receptor. 相似文献
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E E Connor S M Barao L W Douglass S A Zinn G E Dahl 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(10):2736-2741
Development of practical, physiologically based methods that provide an early, yet accurate, evaluation of a bull's genetic merit could benefit the beef industry. The use of GH response to a single, acute dose of GHRH was evaluated as a predictor of future growth performance and carcass characteristics of weanling bulls. Fifty-six Angus bulls averaging 229 d (SD = 27) of age were administered three doses i.v. (0, 1.5, and 4.5 microg/100 kg BW) of human GHRH (1-29) analog in a Latin square design balanced for residual effects. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheter at -60, -45, -30, -15, 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min relative to GHRH injection. Serum concentrations of GH were plotted over time. Response to GHRH was calculated as the area under the GH response curve (AUC-GH) using the trapezoidal approximation. Relationships between AUC-GH, weaning weight adjusted to 205 d of age (205-d WW), and direct weaning weight EPD (WWEPD) versus age-adjusted BW (BWadj), ADG, and carcass measurements from a 140-d growth performance test were evaluated using simple linear regression. A positive correlation between AUC-GH and ADG and an inverse relationship between AUC-GH and carcass fat were observed. The present study provides evidence that AUC-GH is a better predictor of future growth performance in beef bulls than 205-d WW or WWEPD values. Thus, GH response to GHRH is associated with subsequent growth and may be a useful tool for sire selection in beef production. 相似文献
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T L Auchtung E E Connor S M Barao L W Douglass G E Dahl 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1566-1572
The response of GH to GHRH at weaning is known to predict postweaning growth and body composition in beef bulls. The objective of this study was to determine whether GH response to a challenge of GHRH and plasma IGF-I can predict growth rate and body composition in the beef heifer. Growth hormone response to a challenge with two doses of GHRH was measured in 67 Angus heifers averaging 225 d of age (SD = 21) and 217 kg BW (SD = 32). Blood samples were collected at 0 and 10 min relative to an initial "clearance dose" (4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW) and again, 3 h later, relative to a challenge dose (1.5 or 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW). Each animal received each of the two challenge doses, which were randomly assigned across 2 d of blood collection. Serum GH concentration was measured by RIA. Plasma was collected every 28 d during a 140-d growth test and assayed for IGF-I by RIA. Body weight was measured every 28 d and hip height was measured at weaning and at the end of a 140-d growth test. Average daily gain was calculated on d 140 of the growth test and body composition measurements were estimated by ultrasound 2 wk after completion of the growth test. Responses to the two GHRH challenges were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). Average daily gain tended to be related to GH response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.05; P = 0.06), but no relationship was observed at the 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.00; P = 0.93). An inverse relationship (R2 = 0.06; P = 0.02) was observed between response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose and intramuscular fat percentage. Mean plasma IGF-I concentration was positively associated with ADG (R2 = 0.06; P < 0.01). Growth hormone response to GHRH is modestly related to body composition but not to ADG in weanling beef heifers and likely has limited use in evaluation of growth performance in replacement beef heifers. 相似文献
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