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1.
9个水稻品种对水稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
研究了８个灿稻抗病品种４号、川植５号、三黄占２号、二九丰、扬稻１号、７５－３４、８３００７、ＮＴ０２和１个粳稻抗病品种湘虎２５对水稻白叶枯菌系Ｐ１、ＨＢ８４－１７或Ｔ１的抗性遗传。这些抗病品种分别与感病品种沈农１０３３或金刚３０杂交，所得的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体的抗性反应，表明８个灿稻品种对Ｐ１和ＨＢ８４－１７的全生育期抗性均由一对不完全显性的基因控制，该抗性基因与Ｘａ－４是等位的；粳稻品种湘虎 相似文献
2.
大豆花叶病引起的大豆顶端坏死症 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
２个抗病亲本和２个感病亲本配制４个杂交组合和４个回交组合。调查其Ｆ１、Ｆ２和ＢＣＦ１群体接种东北大豆花叶病毒二号株系后，顶端坏死株的形成和分离比例。Ｆ１表现两种类型：无症株和坏死株，Ｆ２表现三种类型：无症株、有症株（花叶、皱缩等）和坏死株。其分离比例或为３抗：１感，或为７抗；９感，χ＾２测验符合一对显性基因控制或者两对隐性互补基因控制。 相似文献
3.
水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的聚合及其遗传效应 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
以全生育期抗水稻白叶枯病的早粳Ｇ３８为抗源供体，以成株期抗性的晚粳品种秀水１１为轮回亲本，通过连续回交转育出全生育期抗白叶枯病的晚粳品系Ｄ６０１、Ｄ６０２和Ｄ６０３。遗传研究表明，３个晚粳品系都聚合了来自双亲的ｘａ－５和Ｘａ－３抗性基因，聚合的抗性基因可能具有抗性累加效应，其抗性水平和抗扩展能力强于双亲，抗谱宽于秀水１１。同时评价了３个晚粳稻抗病品系对我甸白叶枯病病原型的抗性及主要农艺性状。认为Ｄ 相似文献
4.
普通野生稻的抗水稻白叶枯病（Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae）新基因Xa—23 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
经抗谱评价、抗性类型比较、遗传分析鉴定出一个来自普通野生的抗白叶枯病新基因ＸＡ－２５（暂名）。结果表明它是迄今已知基因中抗谱最广，抗性导入效应很强的一个完全显性的全生育期抗性基因，用携有新基因Ｘａ－２３的一对近等基因系（ＪＧ３０＾６∥Ｘａ－２３＾（ｔ））构建Ｆ２群体中选出１６０个单株用ＳＳＲ（微卫星）标记进行基因定位，初步将该基因定位于水稻第１１染色体ＳＳＲ标记ＯＳＲ０６和ＲＭ２２４附近，图距分别为５．３ｃＭ和２７．７ｃＭ。 相似文献
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6.
大豆对SMV抗侵染与抗扩展的遗传分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大豆花叶病毒（SMV）抗性研究最早着重于系统病症,后来发现感病材料还存在发病程度上的遗传差异,抗侵染与抗扩展并不相同,从而鉴别出一批具不同类型抗性的抗源。本研究利用抗侵染和抗扩展品种（系）配置10个不同类型杂交组合,在分别接种Sa或SC8株系条件下,研究两类抗性的遗传模式。结果表明,大豆对大豆花叶病毒抗侵染和抗扩展分属不同遗传体系,抗侵染由一对主基因控制,抗病对感病表现为显性;抗扩展由一对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,F2代主基因和多基因遗传率分别为23.91%~74.97% 和18.43%~37.04%,F2∶3代主基因和多基因遗传率分别为49.46%~82.42% 和17.42%~39.93%,抗性大小依亲本而异。两类抗性都有育种价值。因中抗×高感组合的遗传率明显低于高感×高抗组合,抗扩展育种应尽量选择抗性强的品种作亲本。 相似文献
7.
地面（出苗前）或植株（幼苗分枝期）喷施Ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ液后，从田间观测及考种结果看，未导入抗性基因的大豆对照株受害严重，或杜死严重减产；导入抗性基因的大豆植株后代Ｆ４，Ｆ５代基本不受影响，单株产量与未喷液的对照株相近或略高。这显示了导入的抗性基因对Ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ的抵抗作用。通过喷施Ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ已筛选出了多个抗性较强的株系，有望从中进一步筛选出抗性稳定的株系，用到大田生产。 相似文献
8.
应用粳型广亲和系Ｍ５０３与籼型白叶枯病原始抗源ＤＶ８５杂交，杂种Ｆ２代选择偏粳型的抗性植株进行花培，仅用二年半时间充成的粳稻衍生素系ＺＤ９２１４７和籼稻衍生系ＺＤ９２１５２与感病品种沈农１０３３、成株期抗白叶枯病的ＣＢＢ２、ＣＢＢ４杂交，其杂种后代用致病力较强的白叶枯病菌株９３－１在苗期接种，经遗传分析认为它们均带有一对隐性的Ｘａ－５全生育期白叶枯病抗性基因，从而进一步证实作者提出的籼粳稻间转育白 相似文献
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10.
小麦新品种绵麦39成株期抗条锈性的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
绵麦39是绵阳市农业科学研究所育成的小麦新品种,2005年通过四川省品种审定后在大面积生产上推广应用,表现高抗条锈病且抗性稳定。为明确绵麦39抗条锈性遗传基础,本试验选用7个抗病品种（系）和3个感病品种（系）,分别与绵麦39组配成抗×抗、抗×感组合进行遗传分析。结果表明,绵麦39对条锈菌条中32的成株期抗性主要受一对显性基因的控制;绵麦39对条中32号的抗性来源于抗条锈病材料贵农21-1（含有条锈病抗性基因YrGn21）。抗性基因YrGn21与YrCH42、Yr26基因具有等位性关系,而与抗条锈病材料贵农19-4、辽春10号以及CIMMYT材料oxley、96EW39（SW2148）含有的条锈病抗性基因有差异。同时对各抗病品种（系）的抗条锈性进行了探讨。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献