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本研究对中国马铃薯主产区的17个省（自治区）中90个市、县的130个土壤样本的有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰进行分析，以对中国马铃薯主产区的土壤养分丰缺状况作出初步评价。结果表明：同一种营养元素在不同产区的含量相差很大；西南产区和东北产区土壤有机质含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区土壤有机质较为缺乏；西南产区氮含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区氮缺乏；东北产区、西北产区和中原产区磷缺乏；西南产区和西北产区钾缺乏。大部分产区土壤中有效钙含量都比较丰富，只有云南、四川、重庆的部分地区含量较低；有效镁的含量普遍较低；有效铁、锌、铜、锰含量都很丰富。 相似文献
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采集华南荔枝主产区荔枝园土壤样本470个,根据第二次全国土壤普查土壤养分分级指标对土壤性质进行评价,并对各产区土壤性质进行对比,进一步探讨土壤性质之间的关系。结果表明,华南荔枝园土壤普遍酸性强,90%以上果园土壤为酸性和强酸性。土壤阳离子交换量整体处于低水平,保水保肥能力弱。土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾及有效钼含量处于中低水平,交换性钙和镁及有效硼处于低水平,而有效磷、有效锌含量适中,有效硫和有效铜含量丰富。整体上荔枝园土壤养分肥力偏低且不均衡。不同产区土壤养分肥力差异较大。海南产区土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效锌含量最高;云南产区速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铜含量明显高于其他产区,而有机质、有效磷、有效硫、有效钼含量最低;广东产区则土壤有效硼含量最高。Pearson相关分析结果显示,土壤多种性质之间关系密切。其中,pH和交换性钙、交换性镁均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;交换性钙和交换性镁之间,有效铜和有效锌之间,速效钾与交换性钙之间均为极显著正相关（P<0.01）。针对华南荔枝园土壤酸性强及养分不均衡的问题,建议重视土壤pH改良,加强有机肥的施用,合理施用氮、磷、钾肥,并增加钙、镁、硼肥。 相似文献
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为全面了解洛阳烟区植烟土壤的pH值和养分特征,于2008年对洛阳市植烟土壤进行了取样和检测.结果表明,洛阳烟区土壤pH值偏碱性;有机质、速效氮、速效钾含量较为适宜,速效磷平均含量适宜,但分布不均,其中速效磷含量小于10 mg/kg的样本占总数的42.02％;有效钙、镁、硫、锰、铜、锌含量较为丰富,但有效铁、钼、硼含量低. 相似文献
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《福建茶叶》2015,(4)
通过对海拔600-1200m相对集中成片茶园取土样进行分析测定p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼含量状况进行评价。结果表明,高山茶园土壤p H值极低,酸化严重,土壤有效磷、有效铁、有效铜、有效锰含量高,有机质和全氮接近指标要求,而有效钾、钙、镁等都极低,达不到指标要求。因此,高山茶园施肥应采取增施有机肥、减氮、控磷、适钾、调酸,补钙、镁、锌等措施。土壤养分含量变幅较大,高山红壤茶园土壤普遍缺乏有效镁和有效锌,多数茶农又缺少施用钙、镁、锌肥的习惯,因此,要引导高山茶园施钙、镁、锌现肥,增加茶叶产量提高品质。土壤酸化严重的茶园,建议施用白云石粉或生石粉来改良土壤,将p H值提高到4.5以上。 相似文献
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广佛手不同套种模式下根际土壤理化性质及有效态元素的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究3种套种模式（分别套种广藿香、金钱草和穿心莲）对广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态元素的影响。结果表明,广佛手与广金钱草套种土壤pH最低（pH 6.1）,广佛手单作土壤pH最高（pH 6.4）;与广佛手单作相比,3种套种模式下土壤有机质含量和土壤碱解氮含量有所下降,其中与广金钱草套种下降最为显著,广藿香套种组土壤碱解氮与广佛手单作组无显著差异;穿心莲套种组比广佛手单作组土壤有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了8.07%和3.41%,说明套种穿心莲后土壤有效磷、速效钾含量明显增加;广藿香套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁,有效铜的含量降低,有效锌、铁、锰、硼的含量增加;广金钱草套种组根际土壤的交换性钙、镁,有效铜、锌、铁的含量降低,有效锰、硼的含量增加;穿心莲套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁、有效铜、锰的含量降低,有效锌、铁、硼的含量增加;PCA分析结果表明碱解氮,速效钾,有效磷、铜、锌、铁是影响广佛手生长的特征因素;同时不同套种模式提高了整体经济效益。不同套种模式显著影响了广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态微量元素的含量,为广佛手套种模式的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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通过对云南省西双版纳、普洱、临沧、保山、德宏等5个具有地域代表性的澳洲坚果种植区中的土壤和叶片养分分析,发现澳洲坚果种植区土壤与叶片养分具有较大的地域差异。47个澳洲坚果园的土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌平均含量分别为：4.94、29.17g/kg和109.23、36.64、200.05、352.78、85.65、0.60、2.03、2.14 mg/kg;叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硼、铜、锌平均含量分别为：16.36、0.73、8.39、6.05、0.80 g/kg和17.74、3.46、9.86 mg/kg。土壤pH值低于5.0的样品比例占60%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量达到丰富程度的样品比例依次分别占40%、31%、47%、56%、38%和18%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硼达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为71%、67%和84%。叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和锌养分达到适宜和丰富的样品比例为97%、67%、100%、49%、51%和100%,磷、钙、镁、硼和铜养分达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为33%、51%、49%、87%和88%。因此,云南澳洲坚果园土壤肥力调控的重点是增施有机肥,减施磷钾肥,补施钙镁中量元素及铜硼等微量元素。 相似文献
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武平县山地茶园土壤肥力状况与培肥对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对武平县山地茶园的土壤肥力状况进行调查分析,结果表明：武平县山地茶园土壤酸化严重;有机质含量和有效磷含量较缺乏;全氮和碱解氮含量较丰富;速效钾含量极缺乏：交换性钙充足但交换性镁缺乏严重;微量元素铜、锌含量丰富,有效硼普遍缺乏。针对本县山地茶园土壤肥力状况提出综合培肥措施：增施有机肥、推广幼龄茶园套种经济绿肥、测土配方施肥等。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献