共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
为进一步明确外源基因在转基因柑橘无性繁殖后代中的遗传稳定性及目标性状表现,本研究以转双价抗菌肽基因(ShivaA-cecropinB)纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus Sinensis Osbeck)无性繁殖后代植株为材料,通过PCR扩增,Southern杂交和实时定量PCR检测,以及温室抗病性评价分析等,对抗菌肽ShivaA基因在转基因柑橘后代株系中的遗传稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,外源抗菌肽Shiva A基因在转基因及其无性后代中能够稳定整合与表达.Southern杂交分析表明,ShivaA基因在无性繁殖后代基因组中为1个拷贝,而在T0代中为2个拷贝,由此推测T0代植株为混合嵌合体.定量PCR分析表明,ShivaA基因在To代中的表达水平低于其无性繁殖后代.本研究中外源基因的表达与拷贝数的多少成负相关.研究结果为开展转基因柑橘安全性评价提供了有用的实验材料,积累了有效的实验数据. 相似文献
2.
转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数是影响其遗传稳定性及自身表达水平的重要因素。本研究旨在对转外源种子脂氧合酶基因的RNAi序列(RNAi sequence of lipoxygenase gene,Loxi)的小麦(Triticum aestivum)转基因株系中外源基因拷贝数及其种子脂氧合酶活性进行测定分析,以期获得种子脂氧合酶活性显著降低而且外源Loxi能稳定遗传的转基因小麦新种质。采用TaqMan实时定量PCR技术,以小麦内源控制籽粒硬度的主效单拷贝基因Pinb(puroindoline b)为内参基因,对6个转基因小麦TF5代株系外源Loxi拷贝数进行检测;同时以亚油酸为底物对这6个转基因株系种子脂氧合酶活性进行测定。结果显示,内参基因和外源基因扩增的标准曲线相关系数都接近于1,而且都具有合适的扩增效率,其中内参基因Pinb的扩增效率为107.7%;外源Loxi基因的扩增效率为104.5%;6个不同转基因株系中外源Loxi拷贝数不同,最小的为1,最大的为8;亲本品种陕优225和西农889种子脂氧合酶活性分别为(860±28.20)和(1 132±59.80)U;与其亲本材料相比,不同转基因株系种子脂氧合酶活性降低程度也不同(约为其亲本的21%~95%),有5个转基因株系与其亲本相比,酶活显著降低;其中亲本为西农889的3个转基因株系,外源Loxi拷贝数分别为2、6和8,与其对应的种子脂氧合酶活性与其亲本种子酶活性之比分别为32.76%、26.39%和21.05%;亲本为陕优225的3个转基因株系,外源Loxi拷贝数分别为1、3和6,其对应的种子脂氧合酶活性与其亲本种子酶活性之比分别为95.47%、51.06%和37.73%;外源Loxi拷贝数与种子LOX活性呈负相关。说明转基因株系中脂氧合酶基因的RNAi可有效抑制其种子LOX活性。本研究成功获得种子低脂氧合酶活性的转基因小麦材料,并对其外源Loxi拷贝数进行了准确测定;鉴定得到的种子脂氧合酶LOX活性显著降低的转基因小麦株系可为小麦育种提供新的亲本或种质材料。 相似文献
3.
不同转化方法获得的转基因棉花外源基因拷贝数分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数是影响其自身表达水平与遗传稳定性的重要因素.本研究旨在比较农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击法和花粉管通道法等3种常用方法转化同一植物表达载体的转基因棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)中外源基因拷贝数的差异.本文主要采用实时定量PCR技术及相应的PfaffI分析法检测转基因棉花单株拷贝数,并与Southern杂交做了相互验证.实时定量PCR研究结果显示,农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击和花粉管通道注射法获得的T0代转化体中,外源基因拷贝数为1～2的单株占群体总数的百分比分别为26.2%、60%和42.8%.外源基因拷贝数为3～5的单株比例分别为47.5%、40%和57.1%.另外,农杆菌介导获得的转基因群体中有高达27.3%的单株整合有5拷贝以上的外源基因,而基因枪轰击和花粉管通道注射法获得的转基因群体中没有发现5拷贝以上的转基因单株.研究结果表明,基因枪轰击和花粉管通道注射法均能获得较高比例低拷贝(1～3拷贝)的转化体.本研究结果对棉花转基因育种中转化方法的选择有一定的理论指导意义. 相似文献
4.
利用微滴数字PCR分析转基因生物外源基因拷贝数 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)是一种基于泊松分布原理的核酸分子绝对定量技术,在核酸分子的绝对计数/定量领域具有极大的应用潜力。本研究基于ddPCR平台,以转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)T1c-19和转人乳铁蛋白基因基因山羊(Capra hircus)134为例,建立了转基因生物(genetically modified organisms,GMOs)外源基因拷贝数分析方法,并比较了其与传统的实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和Southern blot方法的准确性。实验数据表明,T1c-19的杀虫晶体蛋白基因(insecticidal crystal protein,Cry1C*)在qRT-PCR和ddPCR测定结果比较一致,约为2拷贝,但已报道的Southern blot分析结果为1拷贝;ddPCR对bar基因的分析结果高于qRT-PCR,分别为2.09拷贝和1.51拷贝。转人乳铁蛋白基因(human lactoferrin,HLF)山羊134在qRT-PCR和ddPCR的分析结果基本一致,均测得含有1拷贝的HLF基因。研究结果表明,微滴数字PCR方法是一种经济、快速和准确的外源基因拷贝数分析新方法,灵敏度和准确性高,将会在拷贝数分析中广泛应用。 相似文献
5.
内标准基因(endogenous reference gene)是指具有物种专一性、不显示等位基因变化、拷贝数恒定的保守DNA序列,对基因定量分析时具有重要意义.本研究选取了5个水稻内标准基因:根部表达的水稻基因(rice root-specific,GOS9)、磷脂酶D基因(phospholipase D,PLD)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因(sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS)、水稻淀粉分支酶基因(rice starch branching enzyme,RBE4)、泛素蛋白基因(ubiquitin 5,UBQ5)和2个外源基因:苏云金芽孢杆菌CrylAb杀虫晶体蛋白基因CrylAb和cryl Ab/cryl Ac融合杀虫晶体蛋白基因(CrylA c/CrylAb),分别以转基因水稻(Oryza sativa L.)克螟稻2号和TT51-1为模板,比较各自的外源基因(CrylAb =KMD2和CrylA c/CrylA b=TT51-1)与5个内源基因的PCR产物量,筛选出和外源基因PCR产物量最接近的内标准基因为RBE4.在此基础上,数字PCR不依赖于已知浓度的标准曲线来定值,可以避免标准样品的标准曲线和样品目的基因的扩增曲线在扩增效率上的不一致等因素所带来的误差,定值结果更加准确、可靠,采用数字PCR分析外源基因拷贝数与内标准基因RBE4拷贝数的比值,荧光定量PCR方法分析内标准基因RBE4和外源基因的定量检测稳定性、灵敏度等.结果表明,外源基因拷贝数与内标准基因RBE4拷贝数的比值在转基因水稻克螟稻2号和TT51-1上都较接近于1∶1,分别为115.9％和105.3％.RBE4的荧光定量PCR体系重复性、定量检测稳定性和灵敏度好,符合作为转基因水稻基体标准物质定量分析的内标准基因的要求,RBE4定量体系在TT51-1和克螟稻2号的最小检出限(LOD)分别为5～11 copies/μL和3～12 copies/μL,最小定量限(LOQ)分别为11～22和12～24 copies/μL.RBE4是转基因水稻标准物质研制和产品定量检测的适宜内标准基因.研究结果为转基因作物标准物质研制和定量检测的内标准基因选取提供一定的参考. 相似文献
6.
实时定量PCR检测转基因水稻科丰6号插入拷贝数和转基因含量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立转基因成分灵敏、准确的定量标识是实施转基因安全阈值管理的一个基本步骤,其中实时定量PCR技术是检测产品中转基因含量的主要技术方法。本研究利用该技术确定了双价(cry1Ac+CpTi)转基因抗虫水稻(Oryzasativa)科丰6号中有3个拷贝的外源基因插入。通过对外源基因Bt和转化事件特异的边界特异序列为对象的绝对定量和相对定量检测方法的研究,发现以边界特异序列为对象的事件特异性检测和以目的基因Bt为对象的检测都能够满足相对定量检测的要求。在100ng基因组DNA中,Bt基因和特异性检测的相对定量检测限分别为0.1%和0.5%,在绝对定量检测中,特异性检测的检测限为5个拷贝。不同检测方法对4个已知转基因含量的样品检测结果与预期均一致。结果表明,以转基因产品占总产品比例为定义的转基因含量的测定中,多拷贝或单拷贝基因为对象的不同定量方法的检测对转基因产品的相对定量结果没有影响,本研究对转基因产品的定量阈值设定具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
转基因棉花GHB119品系特异性定量PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了保障和促进我国口岸进口转基因产品安全相关法律法规的顺利实施,针对我国农业部未颁发农业转基因生物安全证书的棉花品系GHB119,本研究利用TaqMan实时荧光PCR(Real-time PCR)技术,根据转基因棉花(Gossypium sp.)GHB119 3'端外源插入片段与棉花基因组DNA之间的邻接区序列设计引物和探针,并对引物、探针以及扩增体系进行了筛选和优化,建立了转基因棉花GHB119品系特异性实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,建立的检测方法特异于转基因棉花GHB119成分检测,检测下限(limit of detection,LOD)为10拷贝的基因组DNA,定量下限(limit of quantification,LOQ)为25拷贝GHB119基因组DNA,对盲样的定量结果显示,测定值与设定值间的偏差(bias)、标准偏差(standard deviation,SD)、相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)等均在可接受范围内。本研究建立的GHB119品系特异性实时荧光定量PCR检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高,能够快速、准确地对混合样品中转基因棉花GHB119成分进行定量检测分析。 相似文献
8.
随着越来越多的转基因作物及其产品进入人类生活的各个领域,准确、快速、高效的检测转基因作物及其产品成为转基因研究和安全管理的基本要求。为了建立抗两种除草剂转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)EB7001S的事件特异性检测方法,本研究利用高效热不对称PCR(high efficient thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,hiTAIL-PCR)和长距离PCR法(long-distance PCR,LD-PCR)扩增获得了转基因水稻EB7001S中外源基因插入位点的旁侧序列,其中:右旁侧序列1 515 bp,左旁侧序列1 460 bp,外源基因插入水稻基因组第7号染色体第1 470 725位。以左右旁侧序列为基础,建立了转基因水稻EB7001S的事件特异性定性PCR检测方法,采用该方法可从转基因水稻EB7001S中扩增到458和629 bp的2条特异性目的片段。该方法特异性强、稳定性好、灵敏度高,在模板中掺入EB7001S基因组DNA的量为0.1%时仍能通过普通PCR方法检测出来。以旁侧序列为基础,还建立了能快速、准确鉴定外源基因纯合株系的三引物PCR检测法。这些检测方法的建立,将为转基因水稻EB7001S的利用和检测提供关键技术基础。 相似文献
9.
转基因动物的外源基因通过使用体细胞克隆与胚胎移植的方法将表达载体转入细胞后获得,大多以随机整合的形式存在于受体动物的基因组中,而转基因动物中外源基因的整合拷贝数是影响外源基因表达水平及遗传稳定性的重要因素之一,作为转基因动物遗传稳定性的鉴定指标,获得存活的转基因动物后便有必要对其外源基因拷贝数进行检测.为了研究转基因阿尔巴斯白绒山羊(Capra hircus)基因组内外源海葵红色荧光蛋白(red fluorescence protein from Discosoma sp.,DsRed)基因的拷贝数与其表达量之间是否存在一定的联系,本研究采用较鉴定外源基因拷贝数的传统方法DNA印迹杂交(Southern blot)更为高效率、高灵敏度、高准确性的绝对定量qRT-PCR法检测了6只转基因白绒山羊外源DsRed基因表达框中3个不同片段的拷贝数.结果表明,外源基因3个片段的拷贝数分别为巨细胞病毒(Cytomealovirus,CMV)启动子:2.80±0.38～13.68±0.16;DsRed基因:1.34±0.04～11.84±0.02;CMV启动子与DsRed连接处:1.58±0.04～19.22±0.38.通过qRT-PCR中相对定量的方法检测了6只转基因白绒山羊外源DsRed基因mRNA表达量,将其与外源基因中3个不同片段的拷贝数数据分别使用SPSS软件进行相关性分析后,相关性系数P值的结果为:CMV启动子为P=0.763;DsRed基因为P=0.665;CMV启动子与DsRed连接处为P=0.803,3组P值均大于0.05,无显著性相关.上述结果表明,在所检测的6只转基因阿尔巴斯白绒山羊中外源CMV启动子启动的DsRed基因的表达量与其在转基因白绒山羊基因组内的拷贝数在0.05的水平没有显著相关性.另外验证了绝对定量qRT-PCR法在大型转基因家畜的外源基因拷贝数的研究中的可靠性:其重复性良好,误差可控,可以成为检测转基因动物外源基因拷贝数的首选方法. 相似文献
10.
转基因水稻Bt汕优63的整合结构和品系特异性定量PCR方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为更好地监测转基因抗虫水稻(Oryza sativa L.)Bt汕优63品系的存在,满足转基因标识管理的要求,同时也为了解决阳性植物基因组DNA不容易获得的问题,本研究采用热不对称交互PCR(TAIL-PCR)、Genome Walking和长链PCR(LD-PCR)方法测定了基因枪转化的转cry1Ab/cry1Ac融合基因水稻品系Bt汕优63的外源插入DNA全序列,构建了含有Bt汕优63 3′旁侧和水稻内标基因gos9序列的标准质粒分子pMDBt63作为标准物质,建立了Bt汕优63实时荧光定量PCR方法.外源插入DNA全长9 818bp,位于水稻基因组10号染色体(AP008214)第5348630位,由8个来源于两个转化质粒的DNA片段组成,其中两个cry1Ab/cry1Ac表达框以正向串连的方式插入.gos9和3′旁侧两个定量标准曲线的相关系数(R2)分别为0.9997和0.9992,扩增效率(E)分别为98.05%和99.46%.每反应100 ng模板DNA的检测限(LOD)为10拷贝,定量限(LOQ)为100拷贝.此外,对已知5%和1%转基因含量的混合样品DNA进行定量检测,结果的平均值分别为4.98%和1.07%.结果表明标准质粒pMDBt63作为标准物质建立的定量方法可用于Bt汕优63的定量检测. 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献