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1.
根据农业部《兽药试验技术规范汇编》观察了仔猪痢清口服液对小白鼠的亚慢性毒性,试验组分设高、中、低3个剂量组,另设空白对照组,连续给药28d后剖杀各组小鼠。统计学分析结果表明,各组间的体重变化和脏器系数比较无显著差异;各试验组的血常规检测指标、血液生化学检测指标的测定结果与空白对照组测定结果相比差异均不显著;组织病理学检查显示小鼠的主要内脏器官未见明显异常变化。试验结果表明仔猪痢清口服液按临床剂量使用无毒性反应,应用安全可靠。 相似文献
2.
羊骨酶解物的免疫调节活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以羊骨粉为底物,用木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶制备复合酶解物,用不同的剂量给小鼠灌胃(ig.),通过碳粒廓清试验、噻唑蓝法以及定量溶血法检测不同剂量酶解物对小鼠非特异性免疫、细胞免疫以及体液免疫功能的影响。结果表明:低剂量(0.5g/kg.d,ig,14d)可显著提高小鼠吞噬细胞清除碳颗粒的能力(P0.05),中剂量(1g/kg.d,ig,14d)和高剂量(3g/kg.d,ig,14d)组的吞噬能力与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。但这2个剂量却使小鼠脾脏B淋巴细胞合成的抗体量显著高于对照组(P0.05),且中剂量组显著高于高剂量组(P0.05)。0.01mg/ml复合酶解物显著促进了T淋巴细胞对ConA的反应性(P0.05)。因此适当剂量的羊骨酶解物,能提高小鼠的非特异性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫能力。 相似文献
3.
4.
玉米花粉多糖对猪瘟免疫效果的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究采用醇沉淀法从 350 g玉米花粉提取得粗提复合物 38.3 g。经用蒽酮反应、α萘酚反应、间苯二酚反应、碘化反应及高效液相色谱法鉴定 ,证实为多糖。用上述多糖作为免疫增强剂按剂量 50、 1 0 0、2 0 0 mg分别与猪瘟弱毒细胞冻干苗共同免疫猪 ,测定其免疫效果。结果表明 ,各剂量组的 IHA抗体效价均高于对照组 ;T细胞活性 E花环试验测得各剂量的活性 E花环百分率分别为 2 1 .84 %、2 5.4 6%、2 1 .92 % ,均高于对照组 1 5.91 % ;T淋巴细胞转化试验显示 ,各试验组的 T淋巴细胞转化率分别为 55.32 %、 56.39%、54.2 7% ,均高于对照组 4 7% ,上述三种方法测定的结果均显示显著差异。对 T淋巴细胞亚群的测定结果为 ,各试验组的 CD3、CD4、CD8T淋巴细胞的测定平均值均明显高于对照组 ,但 NK细胞的变化不显著。根据试验结果选取 1 0 0 mg剂量组在两个猪场进行田间扩大试验 ,测得的 IHA抗体效价亦高于对照组。研究结果表明 ,玉米花粉多糖既可增强体液免疫 ,又能增强细胞免疫。 相似文献
5.
转基因抗虫棉对赤子爱胜蚓生长、生殖及SOD活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
转基因抗虫棉给人类带来经济效益的同时,也存在生物安全性问题。蚯蚓通过影响土壤的物理和生物性质使土壤肥力发生变化。目前国内外针对转基因抗虫棉对蚯蚓的影响研究十分有限,本研究通过室内喂养试验研究了转基因抗虫棉对赤子爱胜蚓生长、生殖及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。试验设置5个处理:100 g牛粪+500 g土壤(CK)、50 g转基因抗虫棉叶+550 g土壤(50T)、100 g转基因抗虫棉叶+500 g土壤(100T)、50 g非转基因抗虫棉叶+550 g土壤(50NT)、100 g非转基因抗虫棉叶+500 g土壤(100NT)。结果表明,喂养同等剂量转基因抗虫棉叶与非转基因抗虫棉叶的蚯蚓体重变化趋势基本一致,总体来说喂养100 g棉叶(100T和100NT处理)的蚯蚓体重高于喂养50 g棉叶(50T和50NT处理)和喂养牛粪(CK)的蚯蚓。在培养试验结束时,喂养100 g转基因抗虫棉叶(100T处理)蚯蚓体重下降为前一次测定时的23.8%。喂养同等剂量的转基因抗虫棉叶和非转基因抗虫棉叶的蚯蚓茧数和新产生的小蚓数无显著差异(在0 27和0 57之间变化),但喂养100 g转基因抗虫棉叶(100T处理)的小蚓数低于其他处理。在大多数培养时间内,同等剂量转基因抗虫棉叶处理对蚯蚓体内SOD活性的影响与非转基因抗虫棉叶处理差异不显著,但是在试验结束时(201 d),喂养50 g棉叶(50T和50NT处理)的蚯蚓体内SOD活性显著高于喂养100 g棉叶(100T和100NT处理)的蚯蚓。 相似文献
6.
为研究中草药提取液的抗小鼠腹泻效果及其对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,本实验选用50只体重为18～22 g的清洁级ICR(Institute of Cancer Researceh,USA)小鼠(Mus musculus),随机分为5个处理组:空白对照组、复方提取液组、黄柏提取液组、白头翁提取液组和白头翁:黄柏(1:1)提取液组.每天按照4 g生药/kg体重剂量定时灌胃,空白对照组给予等剂量的蒸馏水.第10天每只小鼠按0.02 mL/g体重剂量腹腔注射108 cfu/mL大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌液,建立小鼠细菌性致腹泻病理模型,观察各提取液对小鼠的腹泻的影响,第13天收集粪样,变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)研究肠道微生物区系的变化.结果显示,造模当天对照组的体重变化最为明显,腹泻最为严重,与其他各给药组相比均差异显著(P＜0.05);4个中草药提取液添加组小鼠的腹泻次数比对照组分别降低了51％、26％、33％和35％,其中复方组抑制小鼠的腹泻效果最为显著(P＜0.05);小鼠粪便微生物DGGE图谱分析显示,复方组的条带数和多样性指数均显著高于其他处理组(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,中草药添加剂能够显著地抑制小鼠腹泻,有效地改善肠道微生物菌群结构,其中复方组的效果最优. 相似文献
7.
为弄清橙汁加工过程中农药炔螨特残留的动态,通过田间喷施浓度为5倍于最高推荐剂量的农药溶液以强化炔螨特在甜橙上的残留,然后按照橙汁商业化加工过程进行加工,采用QuEChERS前处理技术结合气相色谱-串联质谱法检测炔螨特的含量,来考察橙汁商业化加工过程对炔螨特残留的影响。结果表明:炔螨特残留主要分布于甜橙果皮中,果肉中炔螨特的残留量不足全果的5%。清洗能除去全果中32.5%的炔螨特残留。初榨果汁、精滤果汁、非浓缩橙汁(NFC橙汁)和浓缩橙汁中的残留量分别为原料果的1.98%、1.95%、1.73%、1.37%,其中NFC橙汁和浓缩橙汁的加工因子分别为0.0173和0.0137,但炔螨特在果渣和精油中发生富集,加工因子分别为1.2822和18.4947。研究结果为橙汁加工工艺的优化和炔螨特残留的膳食暴露评估提供参考。 相似文献
8.
为探究葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对营养肥胖模型大鼠肠粘膜通透性的影响,本试验设置了正常、模型、低剂量、中剂量及高剂量5个处理组,其中正常组投喂普通饲料,灌胃3 mL蒸馏水;模型组和低、中、高剂量组选用32只高脂饲料诱导的肥胖大鼠,模型组灌胃蒸馏水,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃75、162.5、250 mg·kg-1BW·d-1GSP,灌胃处理6周再禁食12 h后处死,经解剖后测定各处理组大鼠的生理生化相关指标。结果表明,高脂饲料造模成功率48.75%;与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量组大鼠D-乳酸、乳果糖/甘露醇排出率显著降低,回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度、紧密连接蛋白Occludin和 ZO-1 表达量显著升高;高剂量组大鼠的回肠杯状细胞数显著升高。综上,葡萄籽原花青素可以改善肥胖应激导致的大鼠肠道粘膜屏障损伤,这在一定程度上揭示了葡萄籽原花青素减肥降脂的作用机理。 相似文献
9.
生物质炭改善果园土壤理化性状并促进苹果植株氮素吸收 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
10.
毛樱桃汁碳酸饮料生产工艺研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分析了毛樱桃的营养成分，研究了果胶酶ROHAPECT D5S对毛樱桃的出汁率、粘度、澄清度的影响。结果表明，毛樱桃营养丰富，矿物质和维生素等含量较高；复合果胶酶处理对出汁率的影响显著，酶的浓度为6%、处理温度为45℃、处理时间为60 min时出汁率最高，达到72.8%，提高了11.6%；并且酶的浓度能极大地降低果汁的粘度，使果汁澄清度加大，差异显著；同时优选出毛樱桃汁碳酸饮料的最佳配方。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献