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近年来，随着国家各项支农惠农政策措施特别是购机补贴政策的实施，农民购买和使用农机的积极性空前高涨，农机具保有量大幅增加，农机从业人员日益增多。与农机具的快速增长相比，农民机手的培训工作则稍显滞后，相当多的新购机农民缺乏系统的技能培训，基本的操作使用和维修保养知识匮乏 相似文献
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近年来,达川区各类新型农机具推广使用发展迅速,农户购机、使用农机具热情高涨,但各种新机具、新技术不断涌现,给购机户操作农机带来了一定困难。如何激发农民参与培训,有效提升农民在农机驾驶、农机具操作和维修等方面的能力和水平,已迫在眉睫。笔者结合农机培训工作实践,对基层农机培训工作中存在的问题进行分析,提出建议,以为全区农机培训工作更好开展提供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,随着国家购机补贴政策的实施,农民购买和使用农业机械的积极性日益高涨,购机农民越来越多,机具数量大幅增加。与农机具的快速增长相比,农民机手培训工作相对滞后,相当多的新购机农民缺乏系统的技能培训,基本的操作使用和维修保养知识不足,难以发挥机具的作用和获得良好的经济效益。为此,近几年来,兴化市农机局以转移就业、增收为目标,抓质量、带队伍、强实效,不断推进农机教育培训工作,努力提高农机操作手综合素质,先后举办各类培训班28期,培训农民1500人次,转移就业 相似文献
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农机培训工作作为农机推广工作的一个重要组成部分,是在本质上解决我国农村劳动力购机困难和思想守旧的工作方式,农机培训工作不仅有利于解决农民关于农机使用和购买的一些问题,还能在培训中提升农民的知识水平和科技水平,因此,探索一种高效的农机培训工作模式尤为重要。 相似文献
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今年以来，山东各地按照全国农业机械化教育培训大行动和农业部抗旱保苗春季大培训活动要求，认真组织开展春季农机化技术培训工作。截至3月底，全省共举办各类培训班500多次，召开培训现场会140多次，组织送教下乡1260多人次；共培训农机人员18．17万余人次，其中培训春耕抗旱农机服务人员4．74万人次，培训新购机农民2．85万人次 相似文献
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2011年，湖北省农机化教育培训工作紧紧围绕农机化科学发展的思路，探索农机化教育培训新形式和新方法。全省农机化教育工作取得了明显成效，全年共培训各类农机从业人员29．5万人。（其中新购机农民7．5万人）。主要做法如下。 相似文献
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正近年来,国家的农机购置补贴政策调动了农民购机的积极性,各种农业机械发展迅猛。但由于新机手大部分缺乏农机技术知识,技术水平低,农机故障和农机事故常有发生。怎样将农机化技术知识及时快捷地传教给这些农民机手,提升他们的技术水平?笔者多年来从事农机技术培训工作,认为农机技术培训,关键要提高培训质量,农机管理部门要认真抓好农机技术培训,农机工作者要增强责任心,农民要自觉参加培训。同时,农机部门要创新 相似文献
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<正>近年来,由于体制和政策等诸多因素的影响,农机培训工作出现了一些问题:农机学校硬件投入资金短缺,培训生源减少,培训工作开展困难。与此同时,新机具不断推广,政府加大农机具的购机补贴,农民购买农机具的热情空前高涨,对农机校来说既是机遇又是挑战。特别是在社会主义新农村建设过程中,如何开展农机培训、谋求农机培训更大的发展空间,是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献