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1.
van Dijk AJ Niewold TA Margry RJ van den Hoven SG Nabuurs MJ Stockhofe-Zurwieden N Beynen AC 《Research in veterinary science》2001,71(1):17-22
The hypothesis tested in this study was that the reported beneficial effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on piglet post-weaning performance and health are associated with a trophic effect on small intestinal mucosa. At 24 days of age, the piglets of seven sows were assigned to one of three treatment groups. One group continued to be suckled. The other two groups were weaned and offered a diet containing either 15 per cent SDPP or casein. From each treatment group, one piglet was anaesthetised and samples were taken from the small intestinal wall at 26, 28 and 31 days of age. There were no significant effects of SDPP versus casein on villus length. On average, there was less mitotic activity in the SDPP -fed piglets than in those fed casein on days 4 and 7 after weaning. As less mitotic activity leads to less immature enterocytes, this may provide a mechanism for the reported beneficial effects of SDPP on performance and health. 相似文献
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3.
Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28
D J Hampson 《Research in veterinary science》1986,40(1):32-40
The small intestinal mucosa of 112 piglets aged between 21 and 32 days was examined to identify the effects on its structure of weaning and of consumption of creep food. In unweaned control pigs a gradual increase in crypt depth occurred with age, while villus height altered little. In contrast, weaned pigs showed a highly significant increase in crypt depth and an increase in the complexity of villus morphology with a dramatic reduction in villus height. Crypts elongated most in the distal small intestine, while the loss of villus height was greatest proximally. No inflammatory reaction was seen and the alterations were not influenced by consumption of creep food before weaning. This failed to support the hypothesis that hypersensitivity to dietary antigens is involved in the aetiology of such intestinal changes. The reduction in small intestinal absorptive area and the appearance of a less mature enterocyte population help to explain the increased susceptibility of the pig to diarrhoea and growth checks in the post-weaning period. 相似文献
4.
Small intestinal morphology and activity of intestinal peptidases in piglets around weaning 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Hedemann MS Højsgaard S Jensen BB 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2003,87(1-2):32-41
The effect of weaning on small intestinal morphology and the activities of three intestinal peptidases was investigated from 3 days prior to weaning to 9 days post-weaning in 64 piglets. Villous height, crypt depth and mitotic counts were determined at three positions along the small intestine. The activities of aminopeptidase N, dipeptidylpeptidase IV and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were measured at five positions along the small intestine. The villous height was maximal on the day of weaning. Post-weaning, the villi shortened at the proximal positions of the small intestine and the minimal length was observed on day 3 after weaning. Villous height did not decrease distally in the small intestine. Increased crypt depth was observed from 3-7 days post-weaning at all positions examined. Mitotic counts showed increased proliferative activity in the crypts from the third day post-weaning. Weaning influenced the activity of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV. The activities declined until day 3 post-weaning. After that, the activities increased and they had reached pre-weaning values by day 9 post-weaning. Weaning had only minor effect on the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. In summary, weaning induced changes in small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The changes were maximal on day 3 post-weaning and during the following days, a gradual recovery of the small intestine was observed. 相似文献
5.
Pre-weaning eating activity and morphological parameters in the small and large intestine of piglets
The effect of pre-weaning eating activity on the intestinal morphology in piglets was investigated on the day of weaning and 5 days post-weaning. The eating activity of each piglet was recorded by means of direct observations. On day 5 post-weaning the villous heights were reduced and the crypt depths were increased irrespective of the pre-weaning eating activity. In the caecum and colon the crypt depth was increased post-weaning and no effect of pre-weaning eating activity was observed. The muscle thickness in the small intestine did not change during the immediate post-weaning period whereas the muscle thickness in the large intestine was doubled in the same period. In conclusion, pre-weaning eating activity did not affect the structural alterations of the small and large intestine. However, the actual number of piglets consuming creep feed prior to weaning was low and the eating activity was highly variable. Therefore, more or later weaned piglets may be needed to show effects of pre-weaning eating activity. 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究酪酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道组织形态及肠道通透性的影响。试验选用21日龄断奶、体重(5.35±1.33)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪18头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg酪酸梭菌(酪酸梭菌组)、基础饲粮+3 000 mg/kg氧化锌(氧化锌组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期14 d。结果表明:1)各组断奶仔猪平均日增重与料重比无显著差异(P0.05);酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组仔猪腹泻率与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P0.05),绒腺比极显著升高(P0.01)。3)酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪第14天血清内毒素与D-乳酸浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05),酪酸梭菌组与氧化锌组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪回肠和结肠咬合蛋白(Occludin)mRNA表达量显著升高(P0.05);与氧化锌组相比,酪酸梭菌组断奶仔猪回肠和结肠闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO-1)、Occludin mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上结果,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加酪酸梭菌可以显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,改善肠黏膜形态,降低肠黏膜通透性,上调紧密连接蛋白的表达量,可达到与添加氧化锌相同的效果。 相似文献
7.
Enteral exposure to crude red kidney bean lectin induces maturation of the gut in suckling pigs. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
K R?dberg M Biernat A Linderoth R Zabielski S G Pierzynowski B R Westr?m 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(10):2669-2678
The present investigation characterized the effect of red kidney bean lectin exposure on gut maturation and function in young piglets. Eleven suckling pigs were given by stomach tube a crude red kidney bean lectin preparation (containing about 25% lectin, 400 mg/kg BW) (lectin-treated pigs) at 10, 11, and 12 d of life, and an additional 16 pigs (control pigs) were given saline instead. On the next day, the intestinal absorptive capacity was determined in vivo, and on the 14th d of life the piglets were killed and organs and small intestine samples were collected for analyses and in vitro permeability experiments. The lectin-treated pigs showed an increase in stomach weights and mucosa thickness, whereas no weight effect was found for the small intestine, spleen, liver, or adrenals. Morphometric analyses of the small intestine in lectin-treated pigs showed a decrease in villus heights, an increase in crypt depths and crypt cell mitotic indices, and fewer vacuolated enterocytes per villus and reduced vacuole size. Lectin treatment also resulted in a decrease in the absorption of different-sized marker molecules after gavage feeding, a decrease in intestinal marker permeability, and a change in small intestinal disaccharidase activities, with increased maltase and sucrase activities. The size of the pancreatic acini was also greater in the lectin-treated pigs, but no increases in enzyme content or pancreatic weight could be determined. In addition, the blood plasma levels of cholecystokinin were higher in the lectin-treated than in the control pigs. The results indicate that exposure to crude red kidney bean lectin induces structural and functional maturation of the gut and pancreatic growth in young suckling piglets. This possibility of inducing gut maturation may lead to an improvement in the piglets' ability to adapt to weaning and to an increase in the growth and health of these animals. 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在研究豆粕中大分子蛋白质和肽含量对仔猪小肠绒毛结构的影响。采用凝胶过滤色谱技术分析豆粕中大分子蛋白质和肽含量。选取40头断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理:去皮豆粕处理、发酵豆粕C处理、发酵豆粕E处理和动物蛋白处理。试验期5周。结果表明:去皮豆粕中大分子蛋白质含量约占80%,发酵豆粕中约占50%,甚至降至24%;发酵豆粕中肽含量约占19%,去皮豆粕中仅有2.7%。与去皮豆粕处理相比,发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P0.05),发酵豆粕E、发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠、空肠隐窝深度显著下降(P0.05),发酵豆粕E、发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度均显著升高(P0.05)。由此可见,豆粕中大分子蛋白质含量与小肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度呈负相关;发酵豆粕能够在断奶仔猪饲料中使用,并且有效改善断奶仔猪小肠绒毛结构。 相似文献
9.
Effects of age and diet on small intestinal structure and function in gnotobiotic piglets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effects of age and dietary change on the structure and function of piglet small intestine were investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. The small intestinal mucosa was damaged when gnotobiotic pigs were weaned on to a pelleted meal diet; villus height, crypt cell production rate, and activities of brush border enzymes were reduced. Small intestinal damage was associated with reduced weight gain over a three week period; diarrhoea was not observed. The continuous consumption of meal appeared to perpetuate the intestinal damage for three weeks, although evidence of intestinal repair, as indicated by an increased crypt cell production rate, was present three weeks after weaning. Antibodies to soya antigen were detected in serum after weaning and the intestinal damage could have been caused by antibody-mediated immune reactions to soya proteins. Villi of milk fed gnotobiotic pigs shortened significantly with age. 相似文献
10.
Fifty-four piglets were selected from 12 litters weaned at 17 (Treatment 1), 21 (Treatment 2), 28 (Treatment 3) and 35 (Treatment 4) days old, respectively, to determine the effect of weaning age on small intestinal villus morphology, immunology and histochemistry. From proximal duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and middle ileum, intestinal samples with three replicates (piglets) in each treatment were taken at 18, 22, 28 and 36; 22, 28, 36 and 43; 28, 36, 43, and 50; and 18, 22, 28, 36, 43 and 50 d of age in Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This was equivalent to 12 h, 3 d, 1 week, 2 week postweaning in Treatment 1; 12 h, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week postweaning in Treatment 2 and 3, and all the same age in Treatment 4 as in Treatment 1, 2, 3, respectively. The results showed that villous height of duodenum and proximal jejunum decreased significantly in Treatment 1 and 3. Crypt depth in the duodenum, proximal jejunum and ileum also decreased significantly in Treatment 1. Date had significant effect on villous height of the duodenum, distal jejunum and ileum with the shortest on day 29 and crypt depth of all positions increased with piglet age except the crypt depth in proximal jejunum decreased on day 50. Weaning age and day of age had significant effects on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) number and goblet cell (GC) number at all positions of small intestinal mucosa in piglets. The number of IEL at all segments of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 3 increased significantly compared to those in other treatments, but IEL number at all locations of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 2 decreased significantly compared to those in other treatments. The number of GC in small intestinal mucosa increased significantly in early-weaned (< day 21) piglets. It appears that providing fluid milk replacer for a few days postweaning could dramatically reduce the negative impact of weaning on villous morphology and digestive and absorptive function, especially in pigs weaned prior to 3 week of age. Finally, as weaning age was reduced, GC had a greater role in intestinal duct protection. 相似文献
11.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加卵黄抗体对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态及肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验选取160头(25±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组分别饲喂以下4种饲粮:基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.4 kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)、基础饲粮+1.0 kg/t卵黄抗体(卵黄抗体组)、基础饲粮+0.2 kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素+0.5 kg/t卵黄抗体(联用组)。试验期共计28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了断奶仔猪料重比和腹泻率(P0.05),断奶仔猪平均日采食量无显著差异(P0.05)。与抗生素组相比,卵黄抗体组断奶仔猪生长性能无显著差异(P0.05),两者表现出相近的使用效果。2)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中总蛋白、白蛋白的含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著增加了断奶仔猪回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P0.05),断奶仔猪十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒隐比无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著降低了断奶仔猪回肠、盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P0.05),显著增加了断奶仔猪回肠、盲肠中的乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加卵黄抗体能显著改善断奶仔猪生长性能,增强仔猪免疫力,提高肠道健康水平,促进有益菌生长,与抗生素有相近的使用效果,是很有发展潜力的抗生素替代品之一。 相似文献
12.
谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道形态发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选21日龄断奶的杜大长仔猪72头,按试验要求分为2组,每组3个重复,每重复12头。分别饲喂基础日粮和含1%谷氨酰胺(Gln)日粮,试验期21 d,在断奶后0 d、7 d和14 d分别屠宰取小肠测重,并取十二指肠、空肠、回肠测定绒毛高度和隐窝深度。试验结果表明:断奶后7 d,日粮中添加Gln可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重和小肠相对重量,提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛的高度,降低十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度;断奶后14 d,日粮中添加Gln对断奶仔猪的生长和肠道形态发育影响与基础日粮组相比差异不显著。 相似文献
13.
为研究复合植物精油(OCT)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肠道结构和抗氧化能力的影响,本试验选取28日龄左右健康的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪24头,按照体重相近原则随机分为3个处理组:对照组、LPS组和OCT组。对照组和LPS组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,OCT组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg OCT。试验期21 d。于试验第21天,LPS组和OCT组仔猪注射LPS(100μg/(kg·BW)),对照组仔猪注射等量生理盐水。LPS或生理盐水注射后3 h采血;6 h后,屠宰全部仔猪取肠道样品测定有关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,LPS组仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有降低趋势(P>0.05),回肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05);血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、血浆和空肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),空肠诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性、血浆和回肠H_2O_2含量显著上升(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,OCT组仔猪空肠绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度和回肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有提高趋势(P>0.05);血浆CAT、空肠SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),血浆和回肠H_2O_2含量显著下降(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中添加50 mg/kg OCT可以在一定程度上缓解由LPS刺激引起的仔猪氧化应激,改善仔猪肠道结构。 相似文献
14.
芪楂口服液药渣对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨中药渣作为饲料原料或饲料添加剂的可行性,本试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪120头,随机分为对照组、芪楂口服液药渣组、发酵芪楂口服液药渣组和氧化锌组,比较研究发酵前和发酵后芪楂口服液药渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率、肠黏膜形态结构和紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量。每组5个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)试验全期(第1~28天),发酵芪楂口服液药渣组仔猪的料重比低于对照组和芪楂口服液药渣组(P0.05),氧化锌组仔猪腹泻率显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。2)试验第28天,发酵芪楂口服液药渣组仔猪的干物质、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质消化率显著低于对照组(P0.05),粗脂肪消化率显著低于芪楂口服液药渣组(P0.05),粗蛋白质消化率显著低于氧化锌组(P0.05)。3)发酵芪楂口服液药渣组仔猪空肠、回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值大于芪楂口服液药渣组(P0.05),绒毛宽度和隐窝深度小于芪楂口服液药渣组(P0.05)。4)各组空肠、回肠和结肠闭锁蛋白和紧密连接相关蛋白-1的mRNA相对表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,与芪楂口服液药渣相比,发酵芪楂口服液药渣可在一定程度上改善断奶仔猪肠道形态结构,二者对紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量没有显著影响。 相似文献
15.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和小肠黏膜形态结构的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计方法,选取180头遗传背景一致、健康状况良好、胎次和体重接近的21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4个组分别饲喂对照饲粮、0.15%酵母壁多糖饲粮、0.30%酵母壁多糖饲粮和0.45%酵母壁多糖饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05);酵母壁多糖有降低断奶仔猪腹泻率和料重比的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P0.05),添加0.45%酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度和十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,并改善小肠黏膜形态结构;综合生长性能、小肠黏膜形态及经济成本等指标,其在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加量为0.30%。 相似文献
16.
缓释复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪消化道酸度及肠道功能的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本试验选用28 R龄断奶、平均体质量(7.00±0.10)kg的长白猪(♂)×大白猪(♂)二元杂交仔猪64头,按单因索试验设计原则,研究在玉米一豆粕一膨化大豆型基础日粮中添加不同类型(包被未包被)复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪胃肠道酸度、生产性能、肠组织形态、消化酶活性、肠道微生物菌群及肠黏膜抗体SIgA的影响.试验设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),饲养试验时间为35 d.结果表明,微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂可以极显著降低断奶仔猪胃和小肠pH(P＜0.01);极显著提高空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P＜0.01);断奶前期,显著提高小肠蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性(P＜0.05);断奶后期,极显著提高仔猪盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.01);微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂还有增加仔猪肠黏膜抗体SIgA分泌量的趋势(P＞0.05).结果提示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂,可以通过降低肠道pH,优化肠道微生物区系,改善肠组织形态和功能,从而提高断奶仔猪肠道的消化力和适应性,并促进仔猪生长. 相似文献
17.
Zhao J Harper AF Estienne MJ Webb KE McElroy AP Denbow DM 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(5):1302-1310
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of addition of spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) and Cu to nonmedicated diets on growth performance and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs reared in sanitary or nonsanitary environments. Weanling pigs (n = 192, 18 +/- 2 d of age, 6.0 +/- 0.2 kg of BW) were assigned to 8 treatments arranged factorially, including 2 dietary levels of SDPP (0 or 6% for the initial 10 d), 2 levels of added dietary Cu (0 or 200 ppm for the entire 35-d experiment), and 2 pen sanitation conditions (sanitized or nonsanitized before pig placement). The nonsanitary pen condition was created by 3 applications of swine manure slurry to all pen surfaces in 1 room and not washing or disinfecting. In an identical adjacent room, sanitary pens were washed and disinfected before weaning. There were 4 pigs per pen, and feed and water were available ad libitum. Growth performance was determined at the end of each diet formulation phase (d 10, 20, and 35 after weaning). On d 10, 1 pig per pen was euthanized, and cross sections of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for microscopic assessment of mucosal morphology. During the initial postweaning period, SDPP, and Cu supplementation improved ADG and ADFI (P < 0.001). A trend for an interaction of sanitation x dietary SDPP (P = 0.07) was observed for G:F, with a positive response to the supplement in nonsanitary pens but no response in sanitary pens. There were no interactions of SDPP and Cu for any performance variables (P > 0.30). By d 35, there were no main or interaction effects of treatment on ADG or G:F (P > 0.17). Pen sanitation condition produced morphological effects, with shorter villous length and less crypt depth observed in each intestinal segment for pigs reared in the nonsanitary pens (P < 0.05), but these effects must be considered conditional based on the potential confounding influence of separate nursery rooms. In the duodenum, reduced crypt depth with Cu supplementation (P = 0.01) and a tendency for greater villous length with SDPP supplementation (P = 0.09) were observed. In this study, SDPP and Cu supplementation improved pig growth performance during the initial 10-d postweaning. These modifications to nonmedicated diets acted independently with regard to their impacts on postweaning performance and, therefore, could have additive effects. 相似文献
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In recent years,many studies have indicated that appropriate reduction of dietary crude protein (CP) level is an effective way to maintain intestinal health and integrity of weaned piglets,and it is very important to protect the intestinal tract of piglets after weaning.In this paper,the effect of dietary CP level on the intestinal barrier,the permeability of intestinal mucosa,micro ecological and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection of weaned piglets were summarized to provide theoretical references for further study of the reasonable application of the dietary CP level on weaned piglets. 相似文献
20.
不同n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值对LPS诱导的断奶仔猪肠道形态的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值为10或20对断奶仔猪生长性能及LPS诱导的肠道形态的影响,试验选用24头28 d断奶、平均体重(6.8±0.55)kg的荣昌小公猪,采用2×2因子试验设计,日粮类型(n-6/n-3PUFA比值为10和20)和免疫应激(注射LPS和生理盐水),试验期21 d。第21天,每日粮处理组一半的仔猪腹膜注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)或生理盐水,3 h后屠宰仔猪采集肠道样品。结果表明:在试验的0~7 d和0~21 d,采食n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为10日粮的仔猪饲料转化效率显著高于采食n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为20日粮的仔猪(P<0.05);注射LPS显著降低了断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比率(P=0.01),但两种n-6/n-3 PUFA比值的日粮对LPS诱导的仔猪肠道形态损害没有缓解作用。 相似文献