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为了从混合的饱满红枣和干瘪红枣中识别出干瘪红枣,首先分析了颜色空间模型的特性,选择灰度图、RGB颜色空间模型的R分量、L*a*b*颜色空间模型的a*分量,并使用不同的梯度算子作为对比;然后通过形态学运算、逻辑运算去除异常梯度,进行梯度归一化变换;最后采用归一化的梯度直方图作为红枣表面的纹理特征表示方法,并计算其梯度分布不均匀性作为判别准则。利用12通道红枣分选机采集240幅饱满与202幅干瘪红枣图像作为样本图像。实验结果表明,采用简单梯度算子对L*a*b*模型的a*分量提取纹理信息效果最好,误判率为0.83%,正确识别率高达99.01%。 相似文献
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基于机器视觉的蔬菜生长状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农机化学报》2016,(10)
蔬菜植株面积大小是评估其生长状况的重要依据。本文采用基于机器视觉的图像处理技术,获取并分析蔬菜的生长状况,其关键在于如何准确地分割图像并计算叶面积大小。为此,通过对采用传统的阈值分割算法、传统的K-means分割算法和L*a*b*空间下的K-means分割算法所输出结果的对比分析,结果表明在L*a*b*空间下进行的K-means分割,在保留蔬菜叶片表面信息的同时不仅有效地分割图像,而且能以彩色图像的形式输出。本文选取了30株绿色蔬菜,计算其在第15天、30天、45天的叶面积大小,通过对比同一蔬菜在不同时间与同一时间及同期内不同蔬菜的叶面积,评估得到这30株蔬菜的生长状况。 相似文献
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复杂环境中蛋鸡识别及粘连分离方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出基于Lab颜色模型的蛋鸡与背景自动分割方法和基于极限腐蚀和凹点搜寻的粘连蛋鸡分离与计数算法.实验前期将通过计算机视觉系统获取的RGB图像转换成Lab图像,每张图像中均选取蛋鸡及最接近蛋鸡颜色的背景2个小样本区域,分别计算这两类区域在a、b分量的数学期望作为分割阈值.随后将采集的图像像素聚类于与a、b分割阈值的欧氏距离最小的区域,从而实现蛋鸡与背景区域的自动分割.针对经常出现的蛋鸡群聚造成蛋鸡个体之间相互粘连的情况,研究利用改进的极限腐蚀及凹点搜寻处理算法分离出独立的蛋鸡并正确计数.108幅蛋鸡图像识别结果表明,该算法能将蛋鸡个体从复杂背景中有效提取、计数和粘连分离,蛋鸡计数正确率为93.5％,综合分离正确率为89.8％. 相似文献
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硬度是确定猕猴桃成熟度的重要指标之一,对其贮藏周期与销售节点均具有重要指导意义。针对现阶段缺乏使用简易、成本低且精度高的猕猴桃无损硬度检测方法的问题,提出了一种基于视触觉与深度学习的猕猴桃硬度检测方法,通过分析柔性触觉传感层与猕猴桃接触时的形变,获取猕猴桃的动态触觉信息,并据此推断其硬度。以树莓派开发板为机电控制平台,制作了猕猴桃视触觉序列图像采集装置,并对装置按压猕猴桃间隔3h后接触面果肉与非接触面果肉的CIELAB颜色分量平均数进行差异显著性检验,随后采集了猕猴桃视触觉序列图像数据集600组,分别搭建了CNN网络、CNN-LSTM迁移学习网络、CNN-LSTM联合学习网络对视触觉序列图像进行分析及硬度预测。研究结果表明,接触面果肉与非接触面果肉颜色L*、a*、b*三通道分量下平均值无显著差异;深度学习模型LSTM引入长时和短时信息可以动态关联CNN提取的单帧图像特征,从而有效推断猕猴桃硬度,其中CNN-LSTM联合学习模型预测效果最优,其均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、决定系数R2分别为 1.611N、1.360N、0.856,优于现阶段光谱技术检测猕猴桃硬度的结果,随后将模型嵌入树莓派中制作了猕猴桃硬度自动检测装置,可实现短时间内猕猴桃硬度的较为准确检测。因此,结合视触觉传感方法与联合学习模型可以实现对单个猕猴桃硬度的准确无损测量。 相似文献
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为探索获取土壤水分特征曲线模型参数新途径,以山西省黄土高原区农耕土壤为试验材料,进行了系列土壤水分特征曲线试验,拟合得到了Gardner模型参数a和b,同时测定了土壤基本理化参数,建立了由Gardner模型参数a、b和土壤基本理化参数组成的数据样本。采用灰色关联理论,分析了土壤各基本理化参数与Gardner模型参数之间的关联度,基于支持向量机理论建立了以关联度较大的土壤容重、黏粒含量、粉粒含量、有机质含量、全盐量为输入因子,以Gardner模型参数a和b为输出因子的预报模型。研究表明:以土壤容重、黏粒含量、粉粒含量、有机质含量、全盐量为输入因子,对Gardner模型参数a与b进行预报是可行的,参数a、b的实测值与预测值之间相对误差的平均值分别为3.96%、4.68%,吻合度高,预测效果好。该研究结果可为获取土壤水分特征曲线模型参数提供技术手段,同时可促进土壤传输函数理论的发展。 相似文献
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利用2CCD多光谱相机设计了近地遥感图像采集平台,同步获取小范围区域作物的可见光和NIR图像,通过图像处理技术从作物图像获得反射光谱信息.采集平台包括一个2CCD多光谱相机,两个采集盒,一台具有两个千兆网口的田间计算机.图像处理部分通过2GRB灰度化、中值滤波和Otsu二值化,从背景中分割出作物图像,结合作物原始R分量灰度图像,提取出作物红光图像平均灰度值,利用建立的灰度值与反射率的线性模型,计算得到作物红光波段的反射率.试验结果表明,图像采集平台工作稳定,利用图像处理方法提取的反射率与ASD光谱仪测量结果有较好相关性,为从作物冠层图像探测生长状况提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献