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1.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):742-747
Ducks are a small but important portion of the US poultry industry, and are a much larger proportion of the poultry markets in other countries. More duck meat fillet products enter the further processing market, yet few studies have been conducted on meat quality characteristics. Therefore, this project was conducted to determine the effects of sex, bird size, and marination treatment on breast (pectoralis major) fillet weight, cook yield, and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear values. Razor shear was also used to isolate connective tissue in the breast meat that is typically responsible for consumer complaints regarding toughness. Ducks were identified at 1 d of age for sex, processed at 35 d of age in a commercial facility, and carcasses were categorized as small (1.6 kg), medium (2.0 kg), or large (2.5 kg). Breast fillets (120, 20 each from 2 sexes and 3 sizes) were divided and 60 were marinated using vacuum tumbling whereas 60 were left unmarinated. All of the fillets were then weighed, cooked, and reweighed to determine cook yield. Razor shear was conducted on 2 areas within each fillet and another 2 razor shear measurements were taken on each fillet directly through the connective tissue near the wing insertion. A section of each fillet was then removed for a 2-slice WB shear. Carcass size from small to large corresponded to an increase in raw fillet weight. Fillets from males required more razor shear force than fillets from females. Marination improved cook yield and reduced both the WB shear values and the razor shear values for the meat and the tendon. The razor shear method was effective at measuring both duck meat texture and tendon toughness. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(3):438-447
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of chilling method on broiler carcass skin color, moisture retention, breast fillet quality, and functionality. One hundred fifty eviscerated broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line before chilling, transported to the laboratory, weighed, and chilled by dry air or immersion in ice water. Postchill carcasses were weighed for moisture uptake or loss and held on ice at 4°C for 24 h. Carcass skin color was measured immediately after chilling and after storage. After storage, fillets were deboned, marinated, and cooked. Fillet color was measured on the medial surface before marination and after cooking. Cooked fillet shear values were determined using an Allo-Kramer multiple blade. After 150 min of air chilling, carcasses lost 2.5% of prechill weight, and weight loss ranged from 2.2 to 3.5%. Moisture uptake during immersion averaged 9.3% of the prechill weight but varied widely with a range of 3.4 to 14.7%. Immediately after chilling, breast skin for immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lighter (higher L*), less red (lower a*), and less yellow (lower b*) than the breast skin color for air-chilled carcasses. Storage time improved appearance (lighter skin color) of air-chilled carcasses. Raw and cooked fillet color, fillet marination pickup, and cooked fillet tenderness were not affected by chilling method. Cook yield for fillets deboned from immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lower than fillets from air-chilled carcasses. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):537-545
A study was conducted to determine the effects of chilling method and postmortem aging time on broiler breast fillet quality. One hundred fifty eviscerated broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line before chilling and transported to the laboratory. Half of the carcasses were chilled by dry air, whereas the other half were chilled by water immersion. Immersion-chilled (IC) carcasses were divided into 3 groups (0, 1.67, and 24 h) based on postchill fillet aging time on the carcass. Air-chilled (AC) carcasses were divided into 2 groups based on fillet aging time (0 and 24 h postchill). Because AC requires more time to reach the same temperature, fillets removed immediately after chilling (0 h) were the same postmortem age as the 1.67 h IC fillets. Average pH values of IC and AC fillets were similar when fillets were aged for the same length of time postmortem. Method of chilling had no effect on raw breast fillet color; however, postmortem aging time had a slight but significant effect on fillet lightness. Shear values of IC fillets removed 0 and 1.67 h after chilling were similar and corresponded to sensory panel categories of slightly tough to tough (>8 kg/g). Shear values of AC fillets deboned at 0 h (8.4 kg/g) were slightly lower but not significantly different than the shear values for IC fillets (10.3 kg/g) aged for the same length of time (1.67 h). After 24 h of aging, shear values for IC and AC fillets were <8 kg/g and corresponded to sensory panel categories of tender to very tender. Cook yield (%) of AC fillets was significantly higher than cook yield (%) of IC fillets for all deboning times. Results show that air chilling has an accelerating effect on rigor mortis onset, but postchill aging time is required to maximize the proportion of tender meat. 相似文献
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四个肉鸭品种的生产性能比较试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择北京鸭、英国樱桃谷鸭，美国枫叶鸭，法国番鸭各100羽（公、母各半）在同一条件下进行对比试验，结果表明，美国枫叶鸭的肉用性能明显优于其它3个品种，饲养47d可齐毛上市，平均体重为3132g，而樱桃谷鸭为2815g，北京鸭为2780g，法国番鸭为1753g，经屠宰测定，枫叶鸭全净膛率达76．40%，均高于樱桃谷鸭（74．18％），北京鸭（74．41％），法国番鸭（72．21％），另外，对供试肉鸭品种的耗料量与体重进行了回归分析。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(4):581-590
The effect of provitamin A biofortified maize (PABM) diet inclusion on meat quality in male and female Ovambo chickens at 18 and 21 wk of age was evaluated. A total of 96 13-week-old Ovambo chickens were randomly distributed into 2 treatment groups and fed on white maize (WM) diet, the control, and PABM diet, a high provitamin A carotenoid maize. There was no significant effect of PABM, sex, and age on meat pH, drip loss (%), cooking loss (%) and shear force. The PABM fed chickens had higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and lower lightness (L*) in the meat and skin color. Female birds had higher (P < 0.05) L* values than males on the skin. The a* value of the PABM fed male birds increased with age (P < 0.05). The PABM diet improved the skin and muscle color of the Ovambo chicken. 相似文献
8.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):613-622
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of different feed withdrawal (FW) periods (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 h) on live broiler weight loss, dressed and chilled carcass yields, and chilled breast meat quality attributes of chickens reared in an alternative system, without the use of any antibiotics, growth promoters, coccidiostats, or ingredients from animal sources. Live weight loss and dressed and chilled carcass yields after FW were determined, and also fillet color, water-holding capacity (WHC), pH, shear value, cooking loss, and proximate composition, and a sensory analysis was conducted. Longer FW periods resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in live broiler weight losses, from 1.3 to 5.3% in the 18-h period. The drops in dressed and chilled carcass yields became statistically significant at 12 h of FW, with dressed carcass yields of 65.2% after 3 h of FW and 63.8% after 12 h. Chilled carcass yields dropped from 68.8% after 3 h of FW to 67.0% after 12 h. Fillet color, as indicated by the L* values, became darker with longer FW periods, as shown by regression analysis. No statistical differences were observed for the a* values, b* values, WHC, cooking losses, and proximate composition of the fillets for the different FW periods. The Pearson correlation values showed a significant but low negative correlation between fillet pH and shear force, which varied with FW period. The highest carcass yields were obtained for broilers submitted to FW periods of between 3 and 9 h. 相似文献
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金定鸭在小群保种方式下不同世代生长及生产性能的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验以国家水禽种质资源基因库引进的金定鸭为素材,在小群保种条件下,对3个世代保种群生长、生产性能进行比较,通过分析世代间的差异来检测保种效果。结果表明:3个世代保种群公鸭体重分别在育雏期末、育成期末存在显著差异。公鸭皮脂重、腿肌率在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭胸肌熟肉率分别在不同世代间存在显著差异,母鸭胸肌pH在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭腿肌干物质、熟肉率和pH分别在不同世代间存在显著差异,公鸭腿肌肉色在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭其他指标分别在不同世代间均无显著差异。上述结果表明金定鸭采用小群保种方法是可行的。 相似文献
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This study investigated the effects of supplementary β-glucosidase on the carcass composition, meat quality, weight of digestive organ and apparent digestibility in male broilers. Two hundred and forty male, 1-day avine broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups and fed with corn-soya bean meal supplemented with 0 (control), 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 U/g of β-glucosidase respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among groups in carcass composition (percentages of eviscerated yield, half-eviscerated yield, muscle yield of breast and leg). However, adding 0.6 U/g β-glucosidase to the diet not only altered the meat quality by decreasing the drip loss ratio (p < 0.05) and relative lightness (L*) value (p < 0.01), increasing relative redness (a*) value (p < 0.01), but also significantly decreased the pancreas to body weight ratio (p < 0.05), however, with little effect on liver, proventriculus and gizzard to body weight ratio (p > 0.05). The length and width of duodenum villus were not affected by the addition of β-glucosidase, but the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of protein and fat increased by 9.02% (p < 0.05) and 7.40% (p < 0.01) respectively; the parameters of ash were not affected by β-glucosidase addition (p < 0.05). This study provided valuable information for evaluation of the effect of supplementary β-glucosidase on the meat quality and digestibility of broilers. 相似文献
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试验选用14周龄云南屏边大围山微型鸡公母各10只,对其肉品质物理特性指标进行测定分析。结果显示,公鸡、母鸡腿肌的系水率、嫩度、多汁性、红度（a值）、pH及肌纤维密度均显著高于胸肌,而公鸡、母鸡腿肌的剪切力、蒸煮损失和贮藏损失、亮度（L值）、肌纤维直径与胸肌相比显著降低;相同部位不同性别间比较结果显示,公鸡胸肌与腿肌的剪切力、肌纤维直径、胸肌贮藏损失显著高于母鸡,而母鸡胸肌与腿肌的嫩度和肌纤维密度均比公鸡的高。综合对剪切力、蒸煮损失、贮藏损失、系水率、嫩度、多汁性、风味和总体口感等指标分析,公鸡、母鸡腿肌的肉质高于胸肌,母鸡肉质高于公鸡。 相似文献
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近年来，快大型白羽肉鸡木质肉（woody/wooden breast，WB）和白条纹肉（white striping， WS）等异质肉发生率不断提高，严重影响了鸡肉品质和肉鸡生产效率，受到业界的广泛关注。WS是指肌肉表面出现平行于肌纤维的白色脂肪沉积条纹，WB主要表现为胸肉明显硬化，WS和WB组织病理学特征类似，常常共同出现。这两种肌肉缺陷严重影响了鸡胸肉的外观、营养价值以及加工特性，降低了消费者的购买意愿，造成了巨大的经济损失。目前，国外学者对WS和WB研究较多，国内报道很少。本文综述了WS和WB的病理学特征、对肉品质的影响、发生的影响因素和可能的形成机理，为未来进一步解析WS和WB形成机制，探究综合解决方案提供科学参考。 相似文献
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Recently, wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS), the newly reported myopathies attracted wide attention of global poultry industry for their increasing incidences and negative effects on meat quality and broiler performance.WS is characterized by the occurrence of white fat striations parallel to muscle fibers, while WB is mainly featured with obvious hardening of breast meat fillets. These two myopathies share similar histological lesions and often appear together. They can adversely affect breast fillet’s appearance, nutrition value, ability for further processes and consumption intention, which result in huge economic loss to the industry. In recent years,most of the studies on WS and WB were reported by international research groups, few by Chinese research teams.In this review,we summarized the research progress of WS and WB from the aspect of pathological features,impacts on meat quality and nutrition value, the underlying causes and possible detailed mechanism in order to provide reference and theoretical basis for future studies. 相似文献
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1. Estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of performance and meat quality traits were obtained in a population of Japanese quail using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. 2. The heritability estimates for body weight (BW) traits ranged from 0·15 at hatch to 0·42 at six weeks. For carcase composition traits, heritability estimates ranged from 0·12 for carcase yield to 0·26 for abdominal fat yield and for meat quality traits they ranged from 0·18 for drip loss to 0·54 for yellowness of the meat. 3. Negative genetic correlations were found between BW and carcase traits with ultimate pH and drip loss ranging from ?0·01 (BW at hatch) to ?0·40 (skin yield). Redness and yellowness showed negative genetic correlations with BW and carcase traits, whereas the genetic correlations with lightness were positive (from 0·04 to 0·43). 4. Shear force and cooking loss showed positive genetic correlations with carcase, breast, abdominal and skin yield. 5. In conclusion, meat quality traits have the potential to be improved through genetic selection but selection for higher BW and carcase composition may reduce the meat quality of Japanese quail through reducing redness, ultimate pH and intramuscular fat and increasing lightness, shear force and cooking loss of the meat. 相似文献
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用北京鸭主要体尺体重指标制定胸肉重、胸肉率的综合选择指数初探 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
试验测定了三项北京鸭7周龄体尺指标、胸肉重、胸肉率和两项体重指标，估计了其遗传力和它们之间的表型和遗传相关。结果表明，胸肉重、胸肉率、体重、龙骨长、胸宽和胸肉厚的遗传力分别为0．61、0．43、0．43、0．45、0、42和0．36。体重、龙骨长、胸宽和胸肉厚四项指标与胸肉重的遗传相关分别为0．78、0．76、0．76和0．76；龙骨长、胸宽、胸肉厚三项指标与胸肉率的遗传相关分别为0．66、0．71、0．71。用体重(P1)、龙骨长(P2)、胸宽(P3)和胸肉厚(P4)制定出的胸肉重间接选种的综合选择指数为：I1=2．96P1 P2 1．56P3 1．2P4；用龙骨长(P1)、胸宽(P2)和胸肉厚(P3)制定出的胸肉率间接选种的综合选择指数为：I2=1．79P1 5．18P2 P3。 相似文献
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Heydar Zarghi Abolghasem Golian Mahdie Nikbakhtzade 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):156-165
This study was done to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible lysine (dig Lys) levels on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass and breast yield, and breast meat quality of broilers 23–38 days of age. Three hundred 23-day-old Cobb-500 male broiler chickens were allocated to a completely randomized design with five treatments (finisher diet containing 0.88%, 0.94%, 1.00%, 1.06% and 1.12% dig Lys) and six replicates of 10 birds each. Feed intake (FI) was not affected by different dietary dig Lys levels. Weight gain (WG) linearly increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly decreased with an increasing dietary dig Lys levels. With increasing dietary dig Lys levels, carcass and breast yield and breast meat hue angle (h*) linearly increased, but abdominal fat decreased quadratically, whereas breast meat lightness (L*) and ether extract composition linearly decreased. Dietary dig Lys levels did not show any significant effect on serum metabolites, breast meat cooking loss and water holding capacity. Based on the linear broken-line regression models, the weight gain, feed conversion ratio and breast yield were optimized when dietary dig Lys levels were 0.95%, 1.01% and 1.02% respectively. It is concluded that Lys requirements vary according to what productive parameter is taken for optimization. A minimum of 1.02% dig Lys concentration in the finisher diet is suggested to optimize breast yield, feed efficiency and performance in broiler chickens. 相似文献
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The effect of high pre‐slaughter environmental temperature on meat quality traits of Italian autochthonous pig Suino Nero Lucano 
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下载免费PDF全文 Amalia Simonetti Annamaria Perna Roberto Giudice Angelo Cappuccio Emilio Gambacorta 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1020-1026
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of high pre‐slaughter environmental temperature on meat (Longissimus lumborum muscle) quality traits of Italian autochthonous pigs Suino Nero Lucano (SNL). High pre‐slaughter environmental temperature influenced the meat quality of autochthonous pigs. In particular, the meat from SNL pigs exposed to heat stress (H) showed significantly lower pH values at 24 and 48 hr post mortem, haem iron content and redness (a*) value, and a significantly higher shear force, drip loss and lightness (L*) values, compared to meat from SNL pigs reared under comfortable environmental temperature (C). Moreover, H meat showed a significant reduction of vitamin A, vitamin E, creatine and carnosine content, compared to C meat. Despite this, no pale‐soft‐exudative pork was found in our study, and no significant difference was detected between two studied groups for intramuscular fat and protein content of meat. In addition, despite the meat from SNL pigs exposed to heat stress has suffered a qualitative decrease, it showed a good endogenous antioxidants content. 相似文献
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波杂肉羊屠宰性能及肉品质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取同等饲养条件下的6月龄、周岁及成年波杂肉羊各8只(公母各半),对其屠宰性能及肉品质进行系统的研究。结果表明:年龄和性别对波杂肉羊的宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重和眼肌面积均有显著或极显著的影响;周岁羊和成年羊胴体产肉率、肉骨比相当,显著高于6月龄羊(P<0.05),屠宰率在3个年龄组间差异不显著(P>0.05);性别对屠宰率、胴体产肉率和肉骨比均无明显影响(P>0.05)。肉质方面,成年羊的肉色、嫩度极显著高于6月龄羔羊(P<0.01),但周岁内无显著性变化(P>0.05);失水率在周岁内变化很大,随年龄的增加显著减少,但周岁羊与成年羊间无显著性差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪含量随年龄的增长,呈明显的增加趋势(P<0.01);其它理化指标在3个年龄组中差异均不显著(P>0.05);除母羊肌肉脂肪含量显著高于公羊、周岁内公羊熟肉率显著高于母羊外,其它指标在性别间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献