共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
2.
对贮藏后期新鲜大蒜病原菌进行了分离、鉴定及控制研究,从发病的鲜蒜中分离出3种病原真菌,回接至健康鲜蒜,从接种后的发病鲜蒜上又分别重新分离得到相应病原真菌,并对纯化后的菌株进行不同臭氧浓度和不同臭氧处理时间条件的抑菌试验.结果表明:提取的菌株经分离鉴定确认为交链孢属(Alternaria)、产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、斜链拟青霉(Paecilomyces cateniobliquus Liang),根据发病情况确定交链孢属为主要致病菌,且病症与自然发病症状一致;0℃条件下,采用21.44 mg/m3臭氧处理大蒜12 h对交链孢霉感染发病起到较好的抑制效果. 相似文献
3.
为明确引起黄晶果采后腐烂的主要致病菌,采用传统组织分离法从采后贮藏期自然发病的黄晶果果实上分离病原菌,利用柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定;结合形态学特征和联合基因(ITS和TUB2)系统进化树分析进行病原菌鉴定.结果表明:从黄晶果果实上分离得到的5株疑似病原菌,回接发病症状与自然贮藏发病症状一致,确定其为黄晶果的病原菌;5株病原菌分别为:可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)、蔷薇拟盘多毛孢(Neopestalotiopsis rosae)、间座壳真菌(Diaporthe pseudo-mangiferae)、层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)和棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatinus).该研究通过对黄晶果采后贮藏期间病原菌的分离鉴定,为黄晶果采后病害的有效防控及延长其采后贮藏时间提供科学依据. 相似文献
4.
以晚熟桃"映霜红"为试材,通过对桃果面、果蒂处带菌量分析,并进一步对病原真菌分离纯化,明确晚熟桃采后0℃贮藏过程中锈斑处的主要致病菌及其致病性。结果表明,晚熟桃锈斑病一般在采前出现浅褐色锈斑;新采收的晚熟桃果蒂锈斑处微生物总量为(4.50±0.05)lg(CFU·g~(-1)),显著高于果面处(3.51±0.03)lg(CFU·g~(-1))(P0.05);在果面和果蒂处共分离出8种真菌,其中病原真菌A-1的分离率最高,达43.8%,该菌有伤接种致病率达100%。结合病原菌的生长特性、显微镜下的形态特征和病原菌rDNA-ITS检测结果,病原菌A-1鉴定为半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)链孢霉目(Moniliales)黑霉科(Dematiaceae)链格孢属(Alternaria)链格孢(Alternaria alternata),该病原菌加剧了贮藏后期晚熟桃果蒂处褐腐病的发生。 相似文献
5.
以接种粉红单端孢霉（Trichothecium roseum）的红富士苹果为试材，通过测定果实中毒素种类及含量、粉红单端孢霉生长情况及相关生理指标的变化，研究不同气调贮藏条件对接种苹果产生毒素水平及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明：在气调Ⅰ（3%~4% O2+1%~2% CO2）、气调Ⅱ（3%~4% O2+3%~4%CO2）、气调Ⅲ（3%~4% O2+5%~6% CO2）3种气体环境中，粉红单端孢霉均能生长，在贮藏的中后期，气调Ⅱ环境中苹果的腐烂直径显著高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ（P＜0.05）。气调Ⅱ环境中接种苹果的毒素含量始终高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ。在3种气调环境下贮藏25 d时，气调Ⅲ苹果的可溶性固形物含量最低，气调Ⅱ环境下的苹果中可滴定酸含量高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ，高体积分数的二氧化碳可以推迟果实呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰的出现。综上所述，适当提高CO2体积分数可以影响接种苹果中毒素含量及相关生理指标，进而延长果实贮藏期。 相似文献
6.
以日本富有甜柿为试材,模拟甜柿采摘、运输、贮藏等不同贮藏环境条件下霉菌浸染过程,采用自然种植与洗涤稀释法,并结合菌种在试样中的回接鉴定,分析不同贮藏条件下富有甜柿的霉菌污染状况。试验结果表明,采摘后贮藏前七、八成熟甜柿的真菌侵染率分别为36.5%、43% 常温条件下七、八成熟甜柿的真菌侵染率分别为27%和61.5% 低温条件下七、八成熟甜柿的真菌侵染率分别为39%和49.5% 模拟运输条件下七、八成熟甜柿的真菌侵染率分别为40.5%和54% 通过回接证明了3种优势致病菌,由镜检结果确定分别为白腐霉、交链孢霉、黑曲霉,它们的分离频率分别为30%、28%、31%,回接发病率分别为98%、97%、98%。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古中部地区苜蓿根腐病病原研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明内蒙古中部地区苜蓿根腐病的主要致病菌,按照柯赫氏法则对呼和浩特地区感染苜蓿根腐病的317个样品进行病原物分离鉴定。结果表明：呼和浩特地区的苜蓿根腐病是由多种病原菌混合侵染所致,从发病部位分离到的菌株以镰孢霉（Fusarium spp．）为优势病原,经致病性测定和接种试验证明,茄病镰刀菌（F．solani）致病性最强,接种后发病率达90．0％,其次是尖孢镰刀菌（F．oxysporum）和黄色镰刀菌（F．culmorum）,发病率分别为61．7％和81．7％。茄病镰刀菌是苜蓿根腐病的主要病原菌,与黄色镰刀菌或尖孢镰刀菌复合侵染后,发病率高于黄色镰刀菌或尖孢镰刀菌单独接种的发病率。 相似文献
8.
双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）采后贮藏期间极易发生表皮褐变,其中涉及的分子机制尚不明确。为探索双孢蘑菇采后褐变涉及的分子机制,基于全基因组数据对双孢蘑菇HMG转录因子进行鉴定,并对AbHMG蛋白特性,以及AbHMG基因在双孢蘑菇采后贮藏期间的表达模式进行了分析。结果表明：基于PFAM注释结果在双孢蘑菇中鉴定到13个AbHMG转录因子,编码序列长度425～1 881 bp,编码141～626个氨基酸,相对分子质量15 996～69 651,等电点5.12～11.13,α螺旋和无规则卷曲为AbHMG蛋白的主要结构元件,所有AbHMG蛋白均为定位于细胞核的不稳定蛋白。双孢蘑菇贮藏期间表皮L*值呈逐渐下降趋势,表现为表皮褐变程度加深,同时双孢蘑菇子实体相对电导率和呼吸强度呈现逐渐上升趋势;荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,AbHMG7、AbHMG9和AbHMG13基因在双孢蘑菇贮藏后期的表皮样品中显著上调表达。双孢蘑菇中共鉴定到13个HMG转录因子,其中AbHMG7、AbHMG9和AbHMG13转录因子可能参与了双孢蘑菇采后褐变相关的转录调控进程。 相似文献
9.
10.
甜樱桃果实采后致病菌的分离及定性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为深入研究危害采后甜樱桃果实的主要病原菌,以3个产地的甜樱桃果实为试材,对采后低温贮藏过程中甜樱桃的致病菌进行分离和鉴定,并对其在贮藏过程中的发展状况进行初步研究。结果表明：侵染甜樱桃果实的4个病原菌主要为子囊菌亚门子囊菌纲柔膜菌目链核盘菌属(Monilinia Honey)、炭疽病菌半知菌亚门黑盘孢目桃炭疽盘长孢菌(Gloeosporium laeticalor Berk.)、半知菌亚门丝孢纲丝孢目链格孢属(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissl.)、半知菌亚门丛梗孢目葡萄孢属(Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.)。 相似文献
11.
以新疆库车小白杏为试验材料,研究在(0±0.5)℃温度、95%相对湿度条件下贮藏36 d的小白杏果实游离脯氨酸含量、细胞膜渗透率、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、脂氧合酶(LOX)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化,探讨冷藏处理对小白杏抗逆性的影响,以期为采后小白杏的贮藏保鲜提供一定的理论依据。研究结果表明,在冷藏期间,随着绿熟小白杏的后熟,果实细胞膜渗透率逐渐增加,游离脯氨酸含量总体呈上升趋势,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、LOX和PAL活性也呈上升趋势,冷藏18~27 d时的果实成熟度转为完熟期,品质最佳;之后进入衰老期,其相关抗性指标迅速下降并有起伏的动态趋势,其机理有待进一步研究。 相似文献
12.
植物精油对杏果实防腐保鲜的研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了34种植物精油在不同浓度条件下（10μL/L、15μL/L、20μL/L和25μL/L）对采后杏果实防腐保鲜的影响。试验结果表明,精油浓度为10μL/L时,防腐作用不明显;精油浓度为20～25μL/L时,出现药害,其中香根油表现最为突出,药害比率为13.0%。适宜杏果实保鲜的精油处理浓度应小于20μL/L。桂叶油、大蒜精油、肉桂油、丁蕾油和丁香叶油等5种精油在使用浓度为20μL/L时,对采后杏果实腐烂均有明显的抑制作用,好果率比对照提高60%。 相似文献
13.
Carmen Leida Gabino Ríos José Miguel SorianoBernardita Pérez Gerardo LlácerCarlos H. Crisosto María Luisa Badenes 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(1):26-34
During fruit ripening a loss of firmness occurs, which is a key factor limiting postharvest life. In apricot, Prunus armeniaca L., a wide range of fruit firmness at commercial maturity has been observed in different cultivars. Endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) activity has been reported to be associated with differences in firmness in many fruit species, but never in apricot. In this paper, we reported the identification of an apricot cDNA (PaPG) coding for an endoPG-like protein with 393 amino acids. Protein sequence comparison with known polygalacturonases (PGs) revealed that multiple features as conserved domains and functional residues and a predicted signal peptide were present in PaPG. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis of this and other plant PGs placed PaPG into a clade containing endoPGs expressed in fruit, abscission and dehiscence zones without a propeptide sequence, very close to PRF5 from peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). PaPG gene expression increased during postharvest storage of the fruit, correlating with fruit softening and ethylene release, and it responded to exogenous ethylene treatments. We localized the PaPG gene in apricot linkage group 4 after genetic mapping based on SNP analysis, in a position apparently syntenic to the PRF5 locus from peach. Results obtained offer genetic evidence supporting the hypothesis that PaPG and PRF5 are orthologous genes, and consequently position PaPG as a gene of interest for studies on fruit softening in apricot, and contribute to the development of molecular tools for breeding apricots with longer shelf life. 相似文献
14.
果实采后易发生品质劣变,造成经济损失.而病原菌是导致果实采摘后品质劣变的主要原因之一.目前针对果实采后病害损失的研究主要集中于病原菌的致病机理,对于病原菌侵染后果实自身产生的抗性响应鲜有报道.本文综述了果实采后响应病原菌侵染的生理生化及其分子机制,包括病原菌侵染对果实细胞结构、果实防御酶系统的影响和果实代谢产物在抗病中的作用,探讨了果实抗病基因的研究概况,从生理生化和分子机制深入研究采摘后果实被病原菌侵染后的应答反应,为研发果实保鲜新技术提供参考. 相似文献
15.
1-MCP对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分与含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了1-MCP处理对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分及其含量的影响。试验结果表明,绿熟期的凯特杏果实糖分以蔗糖含量最高,果糖含量最低;有机酸以柠檬酸为主,苹果酸次之,属柠檬酸型。用1．0μL/L 1-MCP处理可抑制杏果实采后可溶性糖的积累,其蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖与总糖含量均低于对照;同时,1-MCP处理能显著地抑制杏果实抗坏血酸含量的减少,抑制贮藏末期柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和总酸量的下降与琥珀酸的升高。1-MCP处理改变杏果实采后糖酸代谢可能是提高果实贮藏品质的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
Morphological, phenological and fruit quality traits of 55 apricot cultivars, including the most important clones grown in
Spain, France and Italy, were evaluated using principal component analysis. Given that the studied material was made up of
commercial cultivars, the range of variation observed was narrower than expected. Variation was observed for traits related
to phenology and fruit quality. The only correlation observed between morphology and phenology was that of blossom and budbreak
season being correlated with internode length. Harvest season was negatively correlated with acidity and not correlated with
total soluble solids (TSS). Native cultivars from Spain and Tunisia are a good source of early ripening but they lack fruit
size and postharvest handling qualities, respectively. The most appreciated fruit quality characteristics were present in
several cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(1):143-150
Control of primary postharvest diseases caused by Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium expansum on a variety of fresh fruit was evaluated with an invert emulsion formulation of Trichoderma harzianum. Diseases evaluated were quantified by the period of protection conferred by the antagonist and the diameter of decay lesions. Treatment of the various fruit species with formulated T. harzianum conidia in an invert emulsion significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the mean lesion diameters of R. stolonifer on apple, pear, peach and strawberry, B. cinerea on grape, pear, strawberry, and kiwifruit, and P. expansum on grape, pear, and kiwifruit in comparison with the control treatment. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were obtained in the mean percent reduction in lesion diameter caused by the same postharvest pathogens on the same fruit species due to the treatment with the formulated T. harzianum conidia relative to control treatment. The greatest mean percent reduction (86.7%) was obtained on apple fruit for the infection with R. stolonifer. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were also obtained in the mean durations of the minimum protection period due to treatment with the formulated T. harzianum against the infection with the same postharvest pathogens on the same fruit species. The longest mean duration of the minimum protection period (up to 59 days) was obtained for unwounded apple fruit against the infection with R. stolonifer. Overall, the results indicate that the treatment with the invert emulsion formulation of T. harzianum protected fruit from infection by the primary postharvest pathogens of the fruit tested for up to 2 months and reduced the diameters of decay lesion up to 86% and is a promising treatment to prolong the postharvest shelf-life of fresh fruit. 相似文献
18.
为研究不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理对采后杏果实品质的影响,分别采用0、10、100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯处理杏,定期测定其硬度、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明:MeJA处理可提高贮藏期间杏果实的CAT活性,抑制POD和PPO活性,同时降低果实的腐烂,在延缓果实软化速度的同时还提高了果实的风味和品质,对杏果TSS含量无太大影响。其中10μmol/L MeJA处理对采后杏果实的保鲜效果最佳。 相似文献
19.
Geothermal heat power organic Rankine cycle system under different condensation temperatures 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了采后病原菌侵染过程中果实产生的细胞和亚细胞形态结构抗性的变化、病原菌-寄主果实互作过程中结构抗性变化在抵御病原菌侵染中发挥的作用,以及壳聚糖、紫外照射、热处理、拮抗菌等外源处理对采后果实细胞结构抗病性的增强作用,展望免疫标记等技术的应用,将有助于人们深入了解果实抗性生化代谢与细胞形态结构性变化的关系及其在果实抗病过程中的作用。 相似文献