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1.
M. Shah-Majid 《Research in veterinary science》1994,57(3):177
The effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum isolated from village chickens on embryonated village chicken eggs was investigated. Seven-, 10−, 12− and 18-day-old embryos were inoculated with medium containing 106 colony forming units of M gallinarum or with uninfected medium and incubated at 37°C until they hatched. There was no significant difference between the infected embryos which failed to hatch and those which hatched or between them and the group inoculated with medium only. A much higher percentage of the eggs inoculated as 18-day-old embryos hatched than of those inoculated at seven, 10 and 12 days old. The hatchability of the uninoculated village chicken eggs used in the four trials ranged from 60 to 100 per cent. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the oesophagus, trachea and yolk of the infected chicks and from the dead-in-shell embryos. 相似文献
2.
Maryam Muhammad Lawal U. Muhammad Abdul-Ganiyu Ambali Aliyu U. Mani Samuel Azard Lisa Barco 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):131-135
The prevalence of Salmonella associated mortality at hatching was investigated in three hatcheries in Jos, central Nigeria. Their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was also evaluated. S. Kentucky and S. Hadar were isolated. While half of the isolates were from internal organs, 26.7% came from meconial swabs of dead-in-shell embryos, 17.8% from intestinal samples and 4.4% from egg shells. S. Hadar is known to colonise only the gut and is classified as non-invasive, but in this study 82% were obtained from internal organs which suggests that infections with this serotype may also cause invasive disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the study area with complete resistance to gentamycin, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and streptomycin and substantial resistance to triple sulphur and ciprofloxacin. Six multiple resistance profiles were recorded with a high level of multiple resistance to quinolones. Quinolone resistance has implications for veterinary and human therapy as their misuse in poultry could lead to the emergence of resistant animal and zoonotic pathogens. 相似文献
3.
A survey of the aerobic bacteria in the feces of captive raptors 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Feces of 47 captive raptors belonging to the order Falconiformes or Strigiformes were cultured for bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, which were cultured from the feces of 45 of the 47 raptors, were the most common isolates. A wide variety of species were identified, including a newly described genus (Moellerella wisconsensis), two newly described species (Escherichia fergusonii and Proteus penneri), and a member of a newly described enteric group (CDC Enteric group 41). Additional organisms identified that have not been reported in previous bacteriological surveys of raptors were Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella braenderup, Morganella morganii, Yersinia ruckeri, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera sp. Escherichia coli, isolated from the feces of 42 of the 47 raptors, was the most frequently recovered. Streptococcus faecalis, the second most common isolate, was cultured from 30 birds. Several differences were observed between fecal bacteria isolated from raptors fed commercially prepared chicken and those isolated from raptors not fed chicken. The most obvious difference was that birds fed chicken had more varied gram-negative bacterial species and in greater numbers per fecal sample. The potential for the isolated bacteria from raptors as pathogens in humans and avian species is discussed. 相似文献
4.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(3):442-446
Escherichia coli isolates were cultured from diseased Japanese quail and their environment. Of 31 E. coli isolates, 11 were cultured from heart blood of dead Japanese quail and 20 were from dead-in-shell embryos, fluff samples, and footbath and drinking water samples. All E. coli isolates were moderately positive on the Congo red binder test and 14 out of 31 isolates produced hemolysis on sheep blood agar. Twenty-seven isolates were grouped under serogroups O4, O9, O38, O42, and O88, whereas 4 isolates could not be typed. Of the E. coli isolates cultured from Japanese quail infected with colibacillosis, 54.5% belonged to serogroup O9 and the same serotype was predominant in the hatchery environment. All the E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple drugs with 100% resistance observed against ampicillin/cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The highest sensitivity was observed against nitrofurantoin. This study shows that hatchery hygiene should be improved to control colibacillosis and reduce production losses. At the same time, indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided as it increases the risk of development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. 相似文献
5.
Escherichia coli is a common avian pathogen mainly associated with extraintestinal infections such as yolk sac infection (YSI). The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and the presence of some virulence genes of E. coli strains isolated from different samples in a vertically integrated poultry operation in Mexico. Two hundred sixty-seven E. coli isolates from different samples were serotyped using rabbit serum against the 175 somatic (O) and 56 flagellar (H) antigens of the typing schema. Virulence genes were determined by colony blot hybridization, using DNA probes for st, eae, agg1, agg2, bfp, lt, cdt, slt, and ipaH diarrhea-associated virulence factors. The serogroup of 85% of the strains was determined; O19 (12%), 084 (9%), 08 (6%), and 078 (5%) were the most common. Using the complete antigenic formula (O and H), O19:NM (n = 31) was the serotype most frequently isolated from dead-in-shell embryos and in broilers that had died on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days after hatch. One hundred ten strains (41.2%) hybridized with one or more of the used probes. Of these, ipaH (72%), eae (30%), and cdt (27%) were the most common. Considering the origin of the respective isolates, 40% of the broiler farm strains were positive for at least one probe. Results show that some avian E. coli strains isolated in Mexico are included in avian pathogenic E. coli serotypes not previously reported, suggesting that they could be specific for this geographic area. The wide distribution of the ipaH gene among nonmotile strains suggests that this invasiveness trait could be important in YSI pathogenesis. On the other hand, some other genes could contribute to E. coli virulence during YSI. 相似文献
6.
新城疫病毒山东强毒株的分离鉴定 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
从山东流行烈性传染病的鸡群中分离出7株具有血凝活性的病毒，该7株病毒的血凝活性均能被新城疫La Sota株标准阳性血清所抑制，但病毒不能被中和，仍能致死鸡胚。经分离鉴定，分离毒均为新成疫病毒株。通过鸡胚半致死量（ELD50）、最小致死量致鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）、1日龄雏鸡脑内致死指数（ICPI）、6周龄雏鸡静脉致死指数（IVPI）、血凝解脱及血凝素稳定性等试验表明：7株分离病毒均为新城疫病毒强毒性，其毒力与标准强毒株F48E9株相似。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在了解屠宰前鸡、猪源食品动物体内大肠杆菌耐药情况,分析潜在的食品安全问题。从广州市畜禽交易市场随机采集待屠宰鸡和猪的粪便样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌,并采用琼脂稀释法检测大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从658份猪源样品和133份鸡源样品中共分离鉴定出731株大肠杆菌,其中猪源606株,鸡源125株。药敏试验结果显示,731株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药谱广且多重耐药现象严重。对复方新诺明和四环素的耐药率为90.0%以上,仅对头孢西丁、黏菌素和阿米卡星较敏感(耐药率均低于3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于猪源大肠杆菌(P＜0.05)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占97.60%,猪源大肠杆菌占94.72%。结果表明,屠宰前畜禽体内大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,且耐药谱丰富多样。提示屠宰前畜禽携带的耐药菌对食品安全和人类健康存在较大的安全隐患。 相似文献
8.
Cotton swab samples were taken from the ventral surface of the mouth and from the proximal esophagus from 23 captive nonpoisonous snakes. The samples were cultured and investigated for aerobic bacteria. Both the mouth and the esophagus) samples of 6 snakes were negative. When the bacterial isolates of the mouth and the esophagus of the whole snake population were compared, it was found that the flora isolated from both locations were similar. However, when the samples of individual snakes were compared it was found that the same isolates were seldom found in both the mouth and the esophagus. The most common bacteria found were Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes-like organisms, Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae. Important pathogens were seldom isolated. Salmonella virchow could be found from 2 snakes. The presence of bacteriologically negative samples, great variations in the composition of the flora between individual snakes, and the occurrence of typical environmental bacteria in the oral cavity all suggest that snakes lack a specific autochtonous flora: and the bacteria isolated from the oral cavity may be occasional environmental bacteria. The source of pathogens may be the environment, too. 相似文献
9.
鸭源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从病死肉鸭肝脏中分离到2株病毒(ZH1、ZH2),均能够凝集鸡、肉鸭、绵羊、山羊、猪、人、兔、牛等的红细胞,且这种血凝性可被NDV标准阳性血清所抑制.参照NDV毒力判定标准及其方法对分离毒株ZH1、ZH2进行了鸡胚最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)以及1日龄鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)测定,结果ZH1、ZH2株的MDT为52 h和44 h,EID50为106.4/0.1mL和108.64/0.1mL,ICPI为1.93和1.975.表明这2株分离病毒均为NDV强毒株. 相似文献
10.
Gibbs PS Kasa R Newbrey JL Petermann SR Wooley RE Vinson HM Reed W 《Avian diseases》2007,51(3):649-655
Public pressure to reduce or eliminate antimicrobials as ingredients of feed for poultry and other agricultural animals is mounting, primarily due to the fear of multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical infections in both animals and humans. Exploration of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the gut flora of wildlife avian flocks that presumptively do not receive antimicrobials will determine the rate of resistance in a na?ve population. Fecal samples collected from a healthy population of the yellow-headed blackbirds (YHB) (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in North Dakota were cultured to determine what genera and species of gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria these wild birds carry in their intestinal flora and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Isolates of Escherichia coli were further characterized for the presence of putative virulence factors and for pathogenic potential using the chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA). The ELA was performed in chicken embryos with challenges at both 12 days and 16 days of incubation to determine whether the 16-day-old embryos were better able to fight the infection and subsequent disease and also to determine whether the ELA could distinguish between primary and secondary avian Escherichia coli pathogens. After screening 33 isolates from the 21 fecal samples, only two E. coli isolates were identified. The predominant genus and species of bacterium identified was Pantoea agglomerans. Collectively, 12 of the 33 isolates (36%) exhibited no resistance to any antimicrobial tested. However, several multidrug-resistant isolates of varying genera were identified. Among the antimicrobial resistances observed, the most common was to ampicillin (60%), followed by cephalothin (33%). Neither E. coli isolate belonged to serogroups that are notorious for causing major outbreaks of colibacillosis in poultry, and only one E. coli isolate retained resistance to any antibiotics; nevertheless, the ELA results indicate that at least one of these E. coli may be a primary pathogen of chickens. This study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance occurs in the gut flora of natural populations of YHB despite the absence of antibiotic pressure. In addition, these results indicate that YHB will harbor E. coli isolates that are potentially pathogenic in poultry. However, these E. coli isolates are not a significant reservoir for multiple antibiotic resistances nor are they widespread in the population of YHB surveyed in North Dakota. 相似文献
11.
从新疆乌鲁木齐市郊区疑似新城疫的发病鸡场采集了2份病料,处理后接种鸡胚和非免疫鸡分离鉴定病毒,同时检测病毒血凝特性,观察病毒形态并测定病毒致病力。试验结果表明,分离株均能致死鸡胚,非免疫鸡出现典型的鸡新城疫病病理变化;分离毒株均有血凝特性,而且可被新城疫阳性血清所抑制;病毒形态结构与鸡新城疫病毒一致;EID50分别为10-8.0/0.1mL、10-8.6/0.1mL,MDT分别为57.6h、52.8h,ICPI分别为1.875、1.925,IVPI分别为2.39、2.82,均有很强的致病力,符合NDV强毒株的毒力标准。所有结果显示,以上2个分离株均为新城疫强毒力毒株。病毒免疫原性结果显示,2株病毒均有有良好的免疫原性,同源保护率分别为90%、80%。 相似文献
12.
13.
Isolation of viruses from outbreaks of suspected tenosynovitis (viral arthritis) in chickens 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Specimens from the legs of chickens from 84 outbreaks of suspected tenosynovitis were examined for the presence of viruses by culture in chick embryo lung or liver cell monolayers. All samples were from broilers or broiler breeders, ranging in age from dead-in-shell embryos to 36 weeks old. Twenty-five outbreaks (29.8 per cent) yielded viruses of which 12 were reoviruses alone, 12 adenoviruses alone, and one, a mixture of both types of virus. Rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon was seen in 12 outbreaks and viruses were isolated from six of these: three were reoviruses and three were adenoviruses. Approximately half the affected flocks from which specimens were received were in the six to 14 week age range. With one exception, all the reovirus isolations were made from chickens of 11 weeks or under, while adenovirus isolations showed more scatter with regard to age. 相似文献
14.
为了解禽腺病毒(FAV)家禽分离株的致病性,通过病毒凝集试验、电镜观察、细胞病变试验以及接种鸡胚或鸡体,研究了3株A型FAV分离株的生物学特性。结果表明,分离株具有腺病毒的典型形态,不能凝集鸡的红细胞;不引起鸡胚成纤维细胞的病变,可导致鸡胚肾细胞变圆、折光性增强;对SPF鸡胚无明显致病作用;以1.0×1010TCID50的剂量,经皮下注射和口服2种途径接种1日龄的SPF鸡,攻毒后未出现明显的临床症状,体重和免疫器官的重量基本不受影响,除肝脏出现一过性病变,大部分脏器基本无病变。因此,FAV分离株致病性低,生物安全性高,可能是较好的FAV载体。 相似文献
15.
To assess whether the rates of antimicrobial susceptibility in bacteria isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections are similar to those of bacteria isolated from bitches with pyometra, the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from the two groups were determined and compared. The samples were collected in Sweden between April 2002 and March 2003, and potential changes over time were assessed by comparing the results with corresponding data from 1991 to 1993. Among 80 isolates of E coli from cases of pyometra, the proportions that were resistant to the antimicrobials used in canine practice were generally low (ampicillin 10 per cent, enrofloxacin 4 per cent, gentamicin 0 per cent, streptomycin 5 per cent, sulfamethoxazole 8 per cent, tetracycline 4 per cent and trimethoprim 2 per cent) and similar to the proportions reported previously. Significantly lower proportions of resistance were recorded among the pyometra isolates than among 92 isolates from urine samples submitted by animal hospitals to ampicillin (P=0.04), streptomycin (P=0.002) and tetracycline (P=0.03), but there were no differences between the pyometra isolates and 113 isolates from urine samples submitted by animal clinics. 相似文献
16.
232 isolates of gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacteria, isolated from various samples of different animal species, were tested with help of RAPIDEC coli for the production of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and indole. The test correctly identified 164 of 175 E. coli strains (sensitivity 93.7%) and correctly indicated that 57 of 57 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae (7 Citrobacter sp., 18 Enterobacter sp., 16 Klebsiella sp., 10 Proteus sp., 2 Providencia sp. and 4 Salmonella sp.) were not E. coli (specificity 100%). 相似文献
17.
鸽新城疫病毒的分离鉴定 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
用SPF鸡胚从疑似鸽新城疫的信鸽饲养场分离到一株新城疫病毒。分离株利用电镜负染技术观察到典型的新城疫病毒粒子。生物学试验表明,该株病毒具有较强的毒力,最小致死量鸡胚平均致死时间（MDT）为68.4小时,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数（ICPI）为1.375,6周龄雏鸡静脉接种致病指数（IVPI）为1.34,在鸡胚成纤维细胞上能引起细胞病变。动物回归试验证明,分离株能致2月龄鸽死亡。 相似文献
18.
Surveillance and characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan during 2006-09 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ruenphet S Jahangir A Shoham D Morikawa K Miyoshi Y Hanawa E Okamura M Nakamura M Takehara K 《Avian diseases》2011,55(2):230-235
A total of 38 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from 6060 fecal samples from northern pintail (Anas acuta) ducks collected in the Tohoku district in Japan during 2006-09. One isolate from each sampling location and date was selected for a total of 38 isolates, then 15 of these were characterized for their pathogenicity by mean death time of minimum lethal dose (MDT/MLD) using chicken embryos and by plaque formation on chicken embryo fibroblasts. Furthermore, nine isolates were randomly selected from these 15 isolates, and the fusion protein genes were sequenced to characterize amino acid sequences around the cleavage site. All 15 were confirmed to be nonvirulent by MDT/MLD test, and nine isolates were also confirmed as nonvirulent by the cleavage site of the fusion protein 112G/E-K/R-Q-G/E-R*L117 that was specific for nonvirulent NDVs. The characteristics of nine isolates identified by phylogenic analysis of the fusion protein gene indicated that the isolates belong to genotype I or II. In addition, we also isolated 68 avian influenza viruses and 28 other hemagglutinating viruses. Our data indicate that northern pintails are subclinically infected by, perpetuate, and distribute NDV along with different subtypes of avian influenza viruses and other hemagglutinating viruses during their migrations across vast areas over the Northern Hemisphere to Japan. 相似文献
19.