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1.
试验旨在研究妊娠后期母猪日粮添加微囊丁酸钠对母猪繁殖性能的影响。选用40头体况相近的初产约克母猪,完全随机分为2个处理组,每组20头母猪,每组20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,微囊丁酸钠组在基础日粮基础上每日添加6 g微囊丁酸钠。试验时间为妊娠90 d至分娩,共计25 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,母猪日粮添加微囊丁酸钠可降低初生弱仔数(P0.05)和木乃伊数(P0.01),有提高合格仔数的趋势(P0.1);且可提高初生合格仔率(P0.05),降低弱仔率(P0.05)和木乃伊率(P0.01);此外,日粮添加微囊丁酸钠可提高初生活仔个体重(P0.05),有提高窝均活仔重的趋势(P0.1);添加微囊丁酸钠后,单头母猪初生合格仔数提高了1.3头。结果提示,日粮添加微囊丁酸钠能够提高母猪繁殖性能。  相似文献   

2.
研究初产母猪怀孕后期日粮中果寡糖(FOS)对生产性能、养分利用率及免疫功能的影响。挑选体重相近、健康的怀孕80 d的初产母猪30头,随机分为对照组和FOS组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮,FOS组母猪从怀孕第85天开始,在基础日粮中添加0.3%FOS,至泌乳期结束。结果表明:母猪怀孕后期日粮中添加0.3%FOS,显著提高了健仔数、母猪妊娠后期和哺乳期采食量(P0.05),极显著提高了健仔率、仔猪断奶重和平均日增重(P0.01),显著提高了母猪日粮CP和EE表观消化率(P0.05),显著提高了母猪血清Ig G和Ig A含量(P0.05);显著提高了仔猪血清中Fe、Cu和Ig G含量(P0.05),极显著提高了Ig A含量(P0.01)。由此表明,母猪怀孕后期日粮中添加0.3%FOS,可提高母猪日粮CP和EE表观消化率、提高母猪和仔猪机体免疫功能,进而提高母猪和仔猪生产性能。  相似文献   

3.
《养猪》2019,(2)
为探讨青刈发酵墨西哥玉米粉对母猪生产性能及健康状况的影响,选择胎次为(4.12±1.00)、体重为(246.45±6.58)kg的健康长大二元杂种能繁母猪50头,随机分为2组,每组25个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组按常规饲喂妊娠期和哺乳期基础饲粮,试验组妊娠期母猪和哺乳期母猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加30%和10%发酵墨西哥玉米粉的饲粮。结果显示:试验组和对照组相比,总产仔数提高了7.72%(P0.05);产活仔数提高了10.04%(P0.05);死胎数降低了26.67%(P0.05);初生仔猪窝重提高了8.65%(P0.05);断奶仔猪成活数提高了15.19%(P0.05);断奶仔猪窝重提高了29.24%,差异极显著(P0.01);母猪断奶后7 d发情头数提高了9.09%,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组母猪均没有发生孕期哺乳期便秘,也没有泪斑发生,而对照组平均有(0.76±0.44)头孕期哺乳期母猪发生了便秘,平均有(0.60±0.50)头母猪发生了泪斑,差异极显著(P0.01)。试验表明,通过在母猪饲粮中添加发酵的墨西哥玉米粉饲喂母猪,可提高总产仔数、产活仔数、初生仔猪窝重、断奶仔猪成活数、断奶仔猪窝重,降低仔猪7日龄内腹泻率、死胎率和母猪便秘、泪斑发生率。  相似文献   

4.
《饲料工业》2017,(13):25-27
试验旨在研究苜蓿素和胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响,选择90头母猪,头胎、二胎和三胎各30头,每个胎次分为2个处理,分别饲喂试验日粮(添加500 g/t苜蓿素)和基础日粮,共6个处理,每个处理15个重复,每个重复1头母猪,饲养试验时间为配种至产仔。结果表明,日粮添加苜蓿素能显著降低弱仔数(P<0.05),在延长母猪妊娠期的同时提高产仔均重(P<0.01),但有增加死胎的趋势;胎次能显著提高健仔数(P<0.05)和死胎数(P<0.01),影响产仔均重(P<0.05),有增加产仔数和降低弱仔数的趋势;苜蓿素和胎次在弱仔数上有交互作用(P<0.05)。结果提示,随母猪胎次的增加会同时提高健仔数和死胎数,日粮添加苜蓿素可以延长妊娠期,提高健仔重,降低弱仔数,提高繁殖性能。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究果寡糖对初产母猪生产性能,血清指标及粪便pH、微生物菌群数量和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响。挑选体重相近、健康、妊娠80 d的初产母猪30头,随机分为对照组和果寡糖组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头母猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础饲粮,果寡糖组母猪从妊娠第85天开始,在基础饲粮中添加0.3%的果寡糖,至17 d的泌乳期结束。结果表明：母猪妊娠后期饲粮中添加0.3%果寡糖,1)显著提高了母猪妊娠后期和哺乳期采食量(P<0.05),极显著提高了健仔率、仔猪断奶重和平均日增重(P<0.01),而对产程、总产仔数、活仔数、活仔率和初生重无显著影响( P>0.05)。2)显著提高了母猪血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量及白蛋白/球蛋白( P<0.05),对血清白蛋白、葡萄糖、尿素氮、铁、铜和锌含量无显著影响(P>0.05);显著提高了仔猪血清中铁、铜含量(P<0.05)。3)显著降低了母猪粪便中pH和大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著增加了粪中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的含量( P<0.05)。由此表明,母猪妊娠后期饲粮中添加0.3%的果寡糖,可提高母猪粪便中挥发性脂肪酸的含量,降低pH,调节肠道微生物菌群,进而提高母猪和仔猪生产性能。  相似文献   

6.
《养猪》2017,(2)
试验旨在研究妊娠后期和哺乳期2胎母猪饲粮中添加低聚木糖(XOS)和益生菌对母猪繁殖性能、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择膘情、体况及预产期相近的2胎健康纯种母猪(大白和长白)30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖的饲粮,试验2组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖+0.03%益生菌的饲粮。试验期52 d(母猪妊娠90 d至断奶后发情)。结果表明:1)试验1组产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数均显著高于对照组(P0.05);2)3组初生窝重、断奶个体重、仔猪个体增重、仔猪窝增重、母猪背膘损失、产程和发情间隔均差异不显著(P0.05),但试验1组和试验2组产程分别比对照组缩短8.67 min(P0.05)和22.33 min(P0.05),试验2组发情间隔比对照组缩短0.25 d(P0.05);3)3组母猪初乳和常乳的乳成分和血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。从整体来看,低聚木糖能显著提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,低聚木糖和益生菌协同作用不仅可以提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,还可以缩短母猪产程和发情间隔。  相似文献   

7.
《饲料工业》2017,(7):27-30
试验旨在研究母猪日粮中添加多肽菌素对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和新生仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选取胎次、体况相近,预产期前45 d的母猪23头,随机分为2组,试验组12头,对照组11头。每头母猪单栏饲喂,作为一个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加2 g/kg多肽菌素。试验期69 d(妊娠期45 d,哺乳期24 d)。结果表明:(1)试验组母猪窝产仔总数比对照组高2.98%,窝产活仔数比对照组高4.98%,窝产健仔数比对照组高6.95%,健仔率比对照组高3.90%,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。(2)试验组仔猪初生窝重、初生个体重、断奶窝重、断奶个体重、平均窝增重及平均个体增重均比对照组显著提高(P0.05);(3)试验组仔猪初生窝重均匀度及断奶窝重均匀度分别比对照组提高32.23%和38.78%,差异极显著(P0.01)。说明妊娠母猪日粮添加2 g/kg多肽菌素可提高妊娠母猪繁殖性能和初生仔猪生长性能,提高生猪养殖的实际效益。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加葡萄糖对母猪繁殖性能的影响。采用随机区组设计,将20头纯种大白母猪与20头纯种长白母猪按品种分为对照组和试验组,对照组在试验中仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在妊娠85 d时开始添加葡萄糖,50 g/d,产前一周变量,以100 g/d的量饲喂至断奶结束,试验时间长达50 d,待母猪分娩产仔后,对猪只所产健仔数、弱仔数、仔猪初生重、木乃伊胎与21 d断奶重等数据进行综合评估。通过独立样本检验,得出试验组母猪所产健仔数、木乃伊胎、仔猪初生重及断奶重表现差异显著(P0.05)。结果显示:试验组母猪饲料中添加葡萄糖可显著提高母猪产健仔数,降低母猪产死胎数和木乃伊胎数,同时可显著提高仔猪初生重及断奶重,对母猪的繁殖性能具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨雌激素受体基因(ESR)和卵泡刺激素β亚基基因(FSH-β)的多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响,本文采用PCR和PCR-RFLP技术检测大白母猪群的ESR和FSH-β基因多态性,并分析其对大白母猪总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数、死胎、木乃伊数和初生窝重等性状的影响。结果表明:ESR和FSH-β基因的优势基因均为B等位基因;对于初产母猪,ESR和FSH-β基因BB型比AA型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上高0.06~1.14头(P0.05);对于经产母猪,ESR基因BB型比AA型总活仔数、健仔数分别高0.12头和0.07头(P0.05),FSH-β基因在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上AA型高于BB型0.04~0.24头(P0.05);合并基因型分析发现ESR和FSH-β基因的有利合并基因型在初产母猪为ABAA,经产母猪为BBAA;BBAA合并基因型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上分别显著高于AAAA合并基因型2.03、1.75、1.65头(P0.05)。因此,ESR和FSH-β基因多态性与大白猪繁殖性状相关。  相似文献   

10.
试验在后备母猪的饲粮中添加复合防御素,研究复合防御素对初产母猪繁殖性能的影响。试验组从配种前30 d开始在饲粮中添加0.50%复合防御素,直至仔猪断奶。试验结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组死胎率降低56.94%和窝产活仔数增加8.40%(P0.05),头均初生质量显著增加23.01%和断奶活仔率显著提高12.66%(P0.05)。由此可见,复合防御素可显著提高初产母猪繁殖性能(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

19.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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