共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 932 毫秒
1.
新鲜大葱经40℃加热干燥后粉碎,利用顶空固相微萃取法萃取大葱粉中的挥发性风味物质,然后用气质联用法对不同处理中的挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,大葱粉中风味性成分主要是含硫化合物和醛类,其中二甲基硫醚和3-甲基丁醛的含量最高,葱白粉中的含硫化合物含量高于葱叶中的含量。 相似文献
2.
大量试验和调查表明,在油菜生产中,蜜蜂传粉是一项有效增产措施,蜜蜂传粉能提高油菜产量30%左右。1 蜜蜂传粉的增产机理1.1 蜜蜂的生活习性很适合给油菜传粉蜜蜂为群居性昆虫,它全身遍生绒毛,易于粘附、刷集花粉。当采集花粉和花蜜时,用一对前足拨弄花朵,使花粉粘满全身。一只蜜蜂每天能出动几十次,每分钟能采集30余朵花。每天出巢往往拜访几百朵花、并在一个时期内仅采集同一作物的花蜜和花粉,能够携带500多万花粉粒,即使它回巢后尽力刷净身上粘附的花粉,仍可留有1~1.2万粒。携带的花粉之多,远远超过了任何授粉昆虫。1.2 油菜的花器构造能引诱蜜蜂传粉除了因为有鲜艳的…… 相似文献
3.
运用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用( HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术,比较处理前后小麦沼渣中挥发性物质的变化,分析小麦沼渣臭味的主要成分。结果表明：固相微萃取的最佳萃取条件为65 μm PDMS/DVB 萃取头,60 ℃下萃取30 min。未处理的小麦沼渣中共检测出49种挥发性化合物,其中醇类3种、酸类3种、酯类7种、烃类18种、酮类5种和其它杂环类物质13种,未处理沼渣具有腐败沼泽气味的主要原因是含有2-苯基-1-丙烯、二甲基三硫、二甲基四硫和吲哚等臭味物质;小麦沼渣添加麦麸等营养物质经微生物发酵后,加工制成沼渣饲料,相同分析条件下检测沼渣饲料中的挥发性化合物有40种,其中醇类2种、酸类8种、醛类5种、酯类9种、烃类10种、酮类3种和其它杂环化合物3种。沼渣中含有少量挥发性有害物质,而处理后的沼渣饲料中有害物质种类和含量均明显降低;沼渣和沼渣饲料中的含氮物质不易挥发,有利于饲料的保存与利用。 相似文献
4.
《耕作与栽培》2017,(4)
采用顶空进样,用气相色谱-质谱联用的方法,对贵州本地紫皮大蒜和白皮大蒜的挥发性成分进行分析和比较。实验检出两种大蒜共14种挥发性成分。紫皮大蒜主要成分有二烯丙基二硫化物(46.01%)、二烯丙基三硫化物(18.49%)、二烯丙基硫醚(14.72%)、1,3-二噻烷(6.35%)、甲基烯丙基硫醚(1.14%);白皮大蒜主要成分有二烯丙基二硫化物(36.98%)、二烯丙基三硫化物(19.39%)、1,3-二噻烷(11.26%)、甲基烯丙基三硫化物(10.61%)、二烯丙基硫醚(3.05%)、甲基丙烯基二硫化物(2.20%)、二甲基三硫化物(2.12%)、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫环己-5-烯(1.46%)、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫环己-4-烯(1.13%)。 相似文献
5.
龙眼微生物保鲜剂挥发性物质分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用筛选到的一株具有龙眼保鲜功能的微生物Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX生产的龙眼微生物保鲜剂“果立鲜”,不仅对龙眼等多种水果具有很好的保鲜作用,同时具有特殊的挥发性香气。为了解该菌株挥发性香气的成分,采用SPME/GC-MS的方法分析龙眼微生物保鲜剂“果立鲜”的挥发性物质成分24种,匹配度在90%以上的有11种。其中烷类8种,占总成分14.11%,包括正十六烷、十甲氧基五硅氧烷、十四烷、正十七烷、十八烷、2,6,10,14-四甲基-十五烷、4-甲基-十五烷、2-甲基-十五烷;烯类2种,占总成分的1.65%,包括(+)-长叶烯、(-)-α-柏木烯;酯类1种,占总成分的0.70%,为2-丙基-十四烷-亚硫酸酯。(+)-长叶烯、(-)-α-柏木烯这2种化合物是具有香气的成分,为天然的香料;2,4-二叔丁基苯酚是多种光稳定剂和抗氧化剂的重要中间体。 相似文献
6.
大樱桃传粉昆虫的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探明大樱桃传粉昆虫的种类和数量。在山西省大樱桃主产区以样地调查法与定点网捕方式调查绛县申王坡村、史村的大樱桃花期传粉昆虫。结果表明：（1）采集标本3290头,经鉴定共分为4个目15个科26个种。在传粉昆虫中膜翅目占64.83%~74.81%,膜翅目传粉昆虫中以蜜蜂科为主;（2）β多样性分析显示,平川区和山区2个调查样地传粉昆虫群落相似性系数为0.63,沿着从山区到平川区环境梯度的变化,物种有相对减少趋向;（3）9:00-11:00为昆虫采集活动高峰时段,按一天中采集昆虫数量排序依次为蜜蜂、地蜂、食蚜蝇和条蜂;气温10℃时,开始有昆虫活动,最早出巢活动的昆虫为蜜蜂。大樱桃访花昆虫种类较多,膜翅目昆虫是大樱桃花期的主要传粉昆虫,山区传粉昆虫的物种较平川丰富。 相似文献
7.
西芹鲜根及根际区物化感物质成分鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨西芹鲜根及根际区物化感物质成分,利用柱层析法及GC-MS对西芹鲜根及根际区物不同浸提液二次层析后化感效应最佳流分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,西芹鲜根与根际区物乙醇浸提液二次层析后化感效应最佳流分的主要化感成分均为4-二甲氨基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丁-2-醇、8-十八烯酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、十八烷二烯酸甲酯;西芹鲜根与根际区物丙酮浸提液二次层析后化感效应最佳流分的主要化感成分为2-丙烯酸十五烷基酯;西芹鲜根与根际区物水浸提液二次层析后化感效应最佳流分的主要化感成分为十六烷基二甲基叔胺、14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯、六甲基环三硅氧烷、(E)-9-十八烯酸甲酯、蓖麻油酸甲酯、16-甲基十七烷酸甲酯。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同加工方式的糟辣椒风味物质的变化规律,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（SPME-GC-MS）对4种糟辣椒中挥发性风味成分进行鉴定和分析。结果表明：4种糟辣椒中共检测出64 种挥发性风味成分,以醇类、烯烃类、酯类为主。主成分结合聚类热图分析表明,反-香叶醇、醋酸牻牛儿酯、二烯丙基二硫醚、棕榈酸乙酯、α-法呢烯、β-倍半苯乙烯、1,8-桉油精为糟辣椒主要挥发性风味成分。韦恩图分析表明,4种糟辣椒中有19种共有成分,醋酸牻牛儿酯、棕榈酸乙酯、α-法呢烯、β-倍半苯乙烯、1,8-桉油精共同构成糟辣椒的主要风味骨架。 相似文献
9.
为了探索挥发性物质与小麦粉储藏品质指标的关系,进一步研究小麦粉品质变化机理,采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定了不同储藏条件下小麦粉中的挥发性物质,同时测定其生化指标,分析挥发性物质的种类和含量及其与生化指标的相关性。研究结果表明:不同储藏条件的小麦粉挥发性物质种类基本相同,只是在量上存在差异。通过主成分分析和相关性分析显示,小麦粉挥发物中的己醛、2-壬烯醛、2-辛醛、癸二烯醛、1-己醇、2-乙基-1-己醇,、苯甲醇、丙酮、十二烷、十四烷含量与脂肪酸值、丙二醛和回生值呈较高相关性,可作为小麦粉储存品质变化的评判指标,同时小麦粉中挥发物来源主要由脂类的氧化和水解产生。 相似文献
10.
为了探索挥发性物质与小麦粉储藏品质指标的关系,进一步研究小麦粉品质变化机理,采用顶空气相色谱一质谱联用法测定了不同储藏条件下小麦粉中的挥发性物质,同时测定其生化指标,分析挥发性物质的种类和含量及其与生化指标的相关性.研究结果表明:不同储藏条件的小麦粉挥发性物质种类基本相同,只是在量上存在差异.通过主成分分析和相关性分析显示,小麦粉挥发物中的己醛、2-壬烯醛、2-辛醛、癸二烯醛、1-己醇、2—乙基—1—己醇,、苯甲醇、丙酮、十二烷、十四烷含量与脂肪酸值、丙二醛和回生值呈较高相关性,可作为小麦粉储存品质变化的评判指标,同时小麦粉中挥发物来源主要由脂类的氧化和水解产生. 相似文献
11.
The genotypic variability in nectar secretion among 71 genotypes of winter oilseed rapes was tested for floral nectar volume, sugar composition and concentration. Differences were found between seed quality genotypes: double low [99] oilseed rape varieties tended to secrete much more nectar than single low [0 +] and double high [++] varieties. Male-sterile lines (Ogura CMS) secreted one-half to one-third the amount of their isogenic male-fertile counterparts. Restored lines behaved as conventional rape varieties. On average, amounts of nectar were 2 μl/flower and ranged from 0.7 to 6 μl/flower. Among the genotypes under test, the male-sterile lines were not the least productive. The analysis of (Samourai) winter oilseed rape showed that total sugar concentrations in nectar were highest at the beginning of the flowering period (30g/100 ml) and lowest towards the end (10g/100 ml). At a given date, total sugar contents in nectar of [0 +] varieties were significantly higher than those of [++] varieties and were due to higher fructose contents. Differences between genotypes within the same type also occurred, depending on the day of sampling. Oilseed rape nectar was confirmed to be predominantly composed of hexose (glucose and fructose). From the results of these investigations, it is concluded that the opportunity exists to select oilseed rape genotypes, including male-sterile lines, that secrete sufficient amounts of nectar to attract honey-bees to ensure pollination of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production. 相似文献
12.
为探究梨优势传粉昆虫,在对山西省平川区和近山区的梨树野生传粉昆虫调查的基础上,分析野生传粉昆虫的种类、数量及其访花行为。结果表明,2个调查样地访花昆虫共有4目15科22种。近山区传粉昆虫的种类和数量较平川区丰富。近山区优势传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂、毛附黑条蜂、黄胸地蜂。3个蜂种均喜欢访问树干中上部花朵;中华蜜蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为36.9%、51.1%、12.0%;毛附黑条蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为46.5%、38.0%、15.5%;黄胸地蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为41.2%、37.6%、21.2%。中华蜜蜂[(11.95±0.87)朵/min]和毛附黑条蜂[(12.52±2.16)朵/min]的传粉频率显著高于黄胸地蜂[(6.64±0.56)朵/min],中华蜜蜂是梨传粉的理想昆虫。研究可为明确山西省梨树野生传粉昆虫现状、建立野生传粉昆虫数据库及梨授粉用蜂提供理论依据。 相似文献
13.
Leaf glucosinolate profiles and their relationship to pest and disease resistance in oilseed rape 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Richard Mithen 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):71-83
Summary Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing glycosides which occur within vegetative and reproductive tissue of oilseed rape. Following tissue damage, glucosinolates undergo hydrolysis catalysed by the enzyme myrosinase to produce a complex array of products which include volatile isothiocyanates and several compounds with goitrogenic activity. Many of these products have been implicated in the interaction betweenBrassica and their pests and pathogens and some may have a role in defence mechanisms. Low glucosinolate (00) oilseed rape cultivars have been shown to possess similar concentrations of leaf glucosinolates as high glucosinolate (0) oilseed rape cultivars. Likewise, despite considerable speculation to the contrary, 00 cultivars have been shown not to be more susceptible to pests and pathogens than 0 cultivars. The potential to enhance pest and disease resistance of oilseed rape by manipulating the leaf glucosinolate profile without reducing seed quality is discussed. 相似文献
14.
为了解鸭梨花香的生理生态功能,采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气质联用(GC-MS)相结合的方法对鸭梨花朵香气成分进行分析,比较了65 μm PDMS/DVB和50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS 2种不同涂层纤维的萃取头对鸭梨花朵香气成分的萃取效果和特点。结果表明,65 μm PDMS/DVB和50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS 2种萃取头检测出的挥发物数量和种类分别为20种和41种、5类和10类物质,其中65 μm PDMS/DVB萃取头检测出的挥发性成分以烷烃类的种类和含量最高（烷烃类7种,38.63%）,而50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头检测出的挥发物以烯类（烯类7种,41.16 %）和醇类（醇类7种,24.11%）为主要成分。根据萃取化合物的数量、种类和含量,50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头更适于提取分析鸭梨花朵的香气成分。 相似文献
15.
Pear and apple are among the main fruit crops worldwide. These species can be planted in mixed orchards, and they both depend on insect pollination for fruit set. As pollinating insects are attracted by the floral resources, we investigated nectar and pollen production and chemical composition in four pear (‘Concorde’, ‘Conférence’, ‘Doyenné du Comice’, ‘Triomphe de Vienne’) and five apple (‘Braeburn’, ‘Golden Reinders’, ‘Jonagored’, ‘Pinova’, ‘Wellant’) cultivars commonly grown in Belgium. We also investigated whether insect flower visitation rate and pollination efficiency are linked to floral resource quantity and quality. The pear cultivars flowered one week before the apple cultivars in early spring, and their flowers were about six times less visited by insects. The visitors foraged more on the pollen of the pear trees and the nectar of the apple trees. Pear flowers produced higher volumes of nectar than apple flowers (1.3–3.2 μl vs. 0.4-0.6 μl), but with lower sugar concentration (9.6%-10.8% vs. 28.3%-36.4%). Pear flowers also produced fewer pollen grains per anther than apple flowers (2425–4937 vs. 3284–7919), but these had higher polypeptide (346–362 μg/mg vs. 216–303 μg/mg), amino-acid (40–77 μg/mg vs. 12–18 μg/mg) and phytosterol (21–47 μg/mg vs. 15–43 μg/mg) concentrations. The foraging behavior of the insects is thus better explained by nectar and pollen quality rather than quantity. Despite the differences in flower visitation rates, pollination of both species resulted in valuable fruit production. 相似文献
16.
一株脉孢菌的鉴定及其挥发性物质GC-MS分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脉孢菌(Neurospora spp.)是常见的霉菌,有气味,为了研究脉孢菌气味挥发性物质的化学组分,采用18S rDNA序列分析对脉孢菌菌株FH-1进行鉴定,并采用气质联用仪(GC-MS)对其挥发性物质组分进行分析。结果表明：脉孢菌菌株FH-1的18S rDNA序列（登录号：KF312458）与粗糙脉孢菌(N. crassa)（登录号：AY046271.1）相似度为99%,被鉴定为粗糙脉孢菌;GC-MS从FH-1挥发性物质中分离到13个组分,鉴定了其中的9个组分,占挥发性物质总量的93.035%;挥发性物质主要由酯类和醇类组成,含量最高的组分为1-辛烯-3-醇,其相对含量为80.663%。 相似文献
17.
J. Pierre J. S. Pierre R. Marilleau M. H. Pham-Delègue X. Tanguy M. Renard 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(6):484-487
In order to establish whether commercial hybrid seed production between apetalous and apetalous rapeseed lines could be developed through insect cross-pollination, observations were made to compare the foraging behaviour of honeybees on both flower types with regard to their attractiveness. Number of flowers/m2 and nectar volumes, considered as important attractive factors, did not differ between the two lines but nectar sugar composition was slightly different. Honeybee density was significantly higher on the apetalous line when their foraging activity was rather high. Honeybees showed a considerable constancy to each flower type. Passages between both types were not very frequent. Nectar foraging behaviour, observed under cages, differed with the floral morphology. On the apetalous flowers, honeybees visited the two inner nectaries by crawling over the anthers and the stigma, while on the apetalous ones they often inserted their tongues between the sepals, thus having less contact with the reproductive organs. From these results, the honeybee efficiency in cross-pollination between petalous and apetalous lines appears to be reduced. 相似文献
18.
研究湖北省利川市‘长十郎’梨树叶片营养状况,为科学施肥提供依据。采用叶片营养诊断和主成分分析的方法,2017—2018年对利川市‘长十郎’梨9个梨园的叶片营养状况进行营养诊断和评价。结果表明,‘长十郎’梨树叶片的Ca、K、Cu、Zn含量基本适宜,Mg、B、P含量偏低,Mn含量高;部分梨园叶片Fe含量缺乏,2017年梨园叶片整体N含量偏低。土壤酸化是造成利川市梨园叶片营养失衡的主要原因。在生产中应通过施用酸性土壤调理剂如生石灰、硼泥类等碱性肥料提高土壤pH,增施有机肥提高土壤有机质含量,并重视补充Mg、B、Fe等中微量元素,实现‘长十郎’梨的提质增效。主成分分析可将10个叶片营养指标简化为4个主成分,代表了82.512%的原始信息量。基于主成分分析建立了‘长十郎’梨叶片营养综合评价模型Z=0.278N+0.030P+0.250K-0.042Ca-0.133Mg+0.193Fe+0.193Mn+0.174Cu+0.177Zn-0.106B,可较好地应用于梨树叶片营养的综合评价。 相似文献
19.
Abbas Rezaeizad Benjamin Wittkop Rod Snowdon Maen Hasan Valiollah Mohammadi Abbas Zali Wolfgang Friedt 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):335-342
Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by examining the marker-trait associations that can be attributed
to the strength of linkage disequilibrium between markers and functional polymorphisms across a set of diverse germplasm.
In this study, association mapping was performed to detect QTL-linked and genome wide SSR markers linked to phenolic compounds
of extraction meal in a population of 49 genetically diverse oilseed rape cultivars of dark-seeded, winter-type oilseed rape
accessions. Correction for population structure was performed using 559 genome wide SSR markers. Results showed that seed
colour is an important contributor to seed meal quality. Totally, 52 SSR markers linked to phenolic compounds were detected,
five of them being QTL linked markers. Some of these markers were already mapped on Brassica napus chromosomes that contain known QTL controlling oilseed rape meal quality traits. Our results demonstrate that association
mapping is a useful approach to complement and enhance previous QTL information for marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
20.
Vegetable oils are a high-value agricultural commodity for use in refined edible oil products and as renewable industrial or fuel oils, and as the world population increases demand for high-quality seed oils continues to grow. Worldwide the oilseed market is dominated by soybean (Glycine max), followed by oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus). In Europe the major oilseed crop is oilseed rape (B. napus), followed some way behind by sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and other minor crops like linseed (Linum usitatissimum) or camelina (Camelina sativa). The seed oil of these crops is characterized by a specific quality, i.e. fatty acid composition and other fat-soluble compounds: Camelina and linseed oils are characterised by high contents of linolenic acid (C18:3); in sunflower very high-oleic (up to 90% C18:1) types exist in addition to classical high-linoleic (C18:2) oilseeds; in B. napus a broad diversity of oil-types is available in addition to the modern 00 (canola) type, e.g. high-erucic acid rapeseed or high-oleic and low-linolenic cultivars. Moreover, vegetable oils contain valuable minor compounds such as tocopherols (vitamin E). Increases of such contents by breeding have lead to value-added edible oils. After oil extraction, oilseed meals—such as rapeseed extraction meal—contain a high-quality protein that can be used as a valuable animal feed. However, in comparison to soybean the meal from oilseed rape also contains relatively high amounts of anti-nutritive fibre compounds, phenolic acids, phytate and glucosinolates. Breeding efforts with respect to meal quality are therefore aimed at reduction of anti-nutritive components, while increasing the oil content, quality and yield also remains a major aim in oilseed rape breeding. This review article provides a general overview of the status of oilseed production in Europe and uses examples from winter oilseed rape to illustrate key breeding aims for sustainable and high-yielding production of high-quality vegetable oil. Emphasis is placed on analytical tools for high-throughput selection of overall seed quality. 相似文献