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1.
南瓜属三个种的亲缘关系与品种的分子鉴定研究 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术,对南瓜属三个主要栽培种即美洲南瓜、中国南瓜（Ｃ。ｍｏｓｃｈａｔａＤ．）和印度南瓜（Ｃ．ｍａｘｉｍａＤ．）的２３个品种（系）及种间杂交后代进行亲缘关系与品种（系）的分子鉴定研究。从２００个随机引物（１０ｂｐ）筛选出１７个引物,对２３个南瓜品种（系）的染色体组ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ扩增,共产生８０条扩增带,其中７７条在南瓜属三个种间表现出差异,可作为遗传标记（ＲＡＰＤ标 相似文献
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马氏珠母贝生长性状与EST-SSR标记的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)生长性状属于数量性状,为了筛选与马氏珠母贝生长性状位点连锁的分子标记,本研究利用50对多态性SSR引物对选系F4的90个个体的遗传多样性进行了研究,并利用SPSS16.0软件线性模型(GLM)进行了体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽与标记的关联分析。结果表明,50对SSR引物在90个样本中共检测到204个等位基因,等位基因数(Ne)在2～9之间,平均等位基因4.080,有效等位基因数(Na)为2.574;观察杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.534、0.543和0.491;共检测到15个SSR标记与4个生长性状具有显著相关性(P<0.05),其他35个标记与性状的相关性未达到显著水平(P>0.05);7个SSR标记与体质量显著相关(P<0.05),6个SSR标记与壳长显著相关(P<0.05),6个SSR标记与壳高显著相关(P<0.05),4个SSR标记和壳宽显著相关(P<0.05)。对同一标记不同基因型间进行多重比较,分别找到了4个性状的优势基因型。本研究筛选了与生长性状位点连锁的标记,为后续的分子标记辅助育种提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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为发掘陆地棉纤维品质性状基因/数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci,QTL),本研究以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)优质品种渝棉1号分别与贝尔斯诺和中棉所35杂交获得F1代,随后利用两个F1再次杂交得到复合杂交群体.利用6565对SSR引物筛选渝棉1号、中棉所35和贝尔斯诺,获得155对多态性引物.对检测[(渝棉1号×中棉所35)x(渝棉1号×贝尔斯诺)]F1复合杂交群体标记基因型获得的158个位点进行遗传连锁分析,构建的遗传图谱包含102个位点,覆盖1199.0 cM.利用多QTL(multiple-QTL model,MQM)作图法,检测到11个纤维品质性状QTL,包括4个纤维长度、2个长度整齐度和5个纤维比强度QTL.11个QTL分布于4条D基因组染色体.本研究表明,陆地棉不同品种同一纤维品质性状QTL等位基因存在差异;三亲本杂交群体不仅可以提高群体多态性分子标记比例,而且可以显示同一QTL在不同遗传背景的等位基因表现差异. 相似文献
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金针菇种质资源5个农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)是一种重要的商业化栽培食用菌,为挖掘控制金针菇重要农艺性状的基因组区段,本研究以90份金针菇种质资源为实验材料,测定其原基期、菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径和单瓶产量5个农艺性状,利用全基因组序列开发的95份多态简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记对供试材料进行基因组扫描,在分析实验材料的群体结构和连锁不平衡基础上,采用一般线性模型方法对5个农艺性状进行关联分析。结果表明,各供试材料的5个农艺性状均有极显著差异。95份多态SSR标记共检测到582个等位变异,平均每个位点的等位变异数为6.13个。标记多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)变化范围为0.204~0.818,平均为0.542。群体遗传结构分析将供试材料分为8个亚群体,群体内SSR位点间存在较高的连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD),不平衡程度D’值大于0.5的组合数占总组合数的33.01%。关联分析检测出28个标记与5个性状显著相关,其中原基期的关联标记有2个,菌柄直径的关联标记有12个,菌柄长度的关联标记有3个,菌盖直径的关联标记有9个,单瓶产量的关联标记有5个。关联SSR标记对表型变异解释率的变幅为5.11%~23.55%。研究表明,所选金针菇种质资源群体的遗传多样性以及连锁不平衡程度较高,适用于关联分析研究。本研究结果对金针菇核心种质资源库构建以及分子标记辅助育种具有参考价值。 相似文献
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分析大豆亲本材料的遗传多样性,发掘农艺性状关联位点的优异等位变异,为大豆杂交组合的配置及分子标记辅助育种提供依据。本试验利用59个SSR标记对90份大豆种质资源进行多态性扫描和遗传多样性分析。筛选出46个标记,应用STRUCTURE2.3.2软件进行群体结构遗传分析,利用Tassel2.1软件MLM模型对18个农艺性状进行关联分析,发掘优异等位变异。结果表明:(1)59个标记中50个标记具有多态性,共检测出154个等位变异;多态性信息值PIC分布范围为0.042~0.765,平均PIC=0.421;SSR标记位点的Shannon指数(H’)的分布范围为0.1066~1.6804,平均值为0.8241;遗传距离的变异范围为0.0307~1.4529,平均值0.7015。(2)供试材料分为4个亚群。发现7个与分枝数、百粒重、叶形、主茎节数、生育期和蛋白含量相关联的标记,表型变异的解释率为0.003~0.339。研究在各关联位点找到了Satt263-A279、Satt156-A203、Satt567-A112等表型效应明显的优异等位变异。为大豆育种优异基因的克隆提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为探索南瓜果实含糖量相关性状的遗传规律,本试验以糖组分和含量差异显著的广东本地高代自交系品种(CMO-97)和泰国引进的高代自交系品种(CMO-E)为亲本,构建F2分离群体,并基于高通量测序和亲本基因组重测序结果,开发与南瓜含糖量相关性状连锁的分子标记,对蔗糖葡萄糖比值性状所在的原始定位区间(qs/g19-a)进行遗传图谱加密,预测控制南瓜果实甜度的关键基因,筛选与果实糖含量性状紧密连锁的分子标记。结果表明,经筛选,在开发的50对InDel标记和12对KASP标记中共有9对InDel标记和6对KASP标记具有显著的多态性。加密后的19号连锁群包含 6 个KASP 标记、9 个InDel标记和 112 个SNP 标记,qs/g19-a 的定位区间由968.7 kb缩小至356.3 kb,对比参考基因组信息发现在缩小后的定位区间内共有56个基因,其中与糖含量相关的候选基因有4个。本研究结果为南瓜含糖量相关育种研究提供了参考和分子标记资源。 相似文献
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为探明山西芝麻种质资源的遗传特性,本研究利用30对简单重复序列标记(SSR)对71份山西芝麻种质资源进行遗传多样性分析及群体结构分析。结果表明,30对SSR标记共检测到144个等位基因位点,平均每个SSR标记4.800个等位基因;有效等位基因数在1.058~5.149之间,平均2.805个;Shannon指数变幅为0.128~1.813,平均为1.096;Nei's遗传多样性指数变幅为0.055~0.806,平均为0.558;多态性信息含量变幅为0.053~0.783,平均为0.515。基于SSR标记对参试材料进行聚类分析,遗传相似系数为0.21~0.67,在遗传相似系数0.27处将参试材料分为6个类群;基于SSR标记对参试材料进行群体结构分析,将参试材料划分为5个组群。综上所述,山西芝麻种质资源间遗传差异相对较高,具有丰富的遗传多样性,在今后芝麻种质资源创制利用中,加大山西芝麻种质资源的开发与利用,可为芝麻品种遗传改良和优异基因发掘奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
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《核农学报》2017,(12)
为了解东北地区绿豆种质资源的多样性,本研究基于SSR荧光标记毛细管检测技术,利用15对多态性丰富的SSR引物对东北三省地区156份绿豆种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,15对SSR引物共检测到71个等位基因,平均等位基因数为4.7个,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.401。遗传相似系数变幅介于0.116~1.000之间,平均为0.542,大于0.5的相似系数占全部数据的73.69%。在遗传相似系数为0.478的阈值处可将参试个体分为5个组群,相同地理来源品种大多成簇分布。中国东北地区绿豆资源遗传多样性不够丰富,遗传基础狭窄,建议加强东北地区绿豆种质资源创新,拓宽遗传基础,丰富绿豆资源的遗传多样性。本研究结果为分析东北地区绿豆品种亲缘关系及新品选育提供了技术支持和理论依据。 相似文献
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我国部分冬小麦新品种（系）SSR标记遗传差异的研究 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
本研究利用53对SSR引物对全田1999－2000年北方冬麦区及黄淮冬麦区观察圃中选出的48个新品种（系）进行遗传差异研究，共检测出58个SSR位点上的367个等位变异，平均每个位点有6.33个等位变异，其中B组每个位点的等位变异最多，这表明B基因组化更快，分化更大。48个品种（系）在全基因组及A、B、D基因组聚类结果表明这些品种的相似系数聚类的范围较小，为0.75－0.98。全基因组聚类结果与品种的系谱来源及育成地区相吻合。研究结果表明我国冬小麦品种的种质基础相对较狭窄。加强不同来源种质的利用和特异亲本类型的培育对我国冬小麦遗传改良非常重要，利用5个多态性高的SSR标记就可以将这48个小麦新品种（系）区分开，每个品种（系）都有各自独特的指纹图谱。 相似文献
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利用SSR分析小豆种质遗传多样性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
摘要：小豆是一类重要的食用豆,本研究利用45对SSR引物对小豆基因组DNA进行了SSR标记的筛选鉴定,共筛选出多态性良好、扩增效果稳定的SSR引物18对。利用筛选出的18个SSR标记,分析了来自我国栽培小豆优异种质53份和日本引进种质27份,旨在阐明其遗传多样性特点,为育种利用提供理论依据。结果表明,在所有参试的80份小豆种质中共鉴定出等位变异92个,平均每个位点为5.1个;其中53份国内小豆和27份日本小豆的等位变异数分别为89个和74个,平均每个位点分别为4.9个和4.1个。所有供试小豆平均每个位点的多态信息含量（PIC）为0.64,变化范围为0.23～0.83,其中国内小豆的平均PIC值为0.63,变化范围为0.23~0.86;日本小豆平均PIC值为0.61,变化范围为0.20~0.81。国内栽培小豆和日本小豆在等位变异数、多态信息含量（PIC）、遗传相似性系数均存在差异,UPGMA聚类分析将参试的80份小豆明显分为五大类,聚类结果与小豆种质地理起源呈现出一定的相关性。试验表明,在小豆遗传育种中,可以通过种质资源相互利用来拓宽育成品种的遗传基础,同时这些SSR标记对于小豆资源DNA指纹图谱构建、遗传作图、基因型鉴定及分子标记辅助育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了明确不同生态区谷子品种的遗传多样性和遗传结构,本研究对175份来源不同的谷子品种进行29个表型性状鉴定和36对简单序列重复（SSR）标记分析。结果表明,谷子数量性状的平均遗传多样性指数最高,质量性状最低;不同类性状中,单穗码数、开花至成熟日数和粒色遗传多样性指数最高,分别为2.082 8、2.012 5和1.078 7。36对SSR引物中,共检测到401个等位基因,平均11.4个,Shannon指数和多态性信息含量（PIC）平均为2.017 2和0.810 6;标记B142、B225的Shannon指数和PIC值最高,是评价谷子遗传多样性的理想SSR标记。不同生态区表型和SSR标记多样性比较结果表明,春谷中晚熟区（ML）遗传多样性指数最高,春谷早熟区（EM）次之,夏谷区（SS）最低;春谷中晚熟区谷子品种有10个性状指标最高,且全生育期最长。春谷中晚熟区不同类型材料中,汾阳的质量性状遗传多样性指数和SSR标记Shannon指数均最高,长治数量性状遗传多样性指数最高,太原Ⅱ的生育期遗传多样性指数最高;不同类型材料间差异较低,其中7个数量性状指标差异未达显著水平;汾阳的株高最高,出谷率最... 相似文献
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Genetic diversity among 40 accessions (Coffea canephora) of robusta coffee genepool available in India was determined in comparison with 14 representative samples from a C. canephora core collection and three accessions of C. congensis, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Both these molecular approaches were able to generate unique fingerprints for each of the accessions analysed. All the 12 SSR primers used in the present study were found polymorphic, with an average of six alleles per primer pair. Comparative analysis revealed the higher amount of diversity in representatives from a core collection than in the Indian genepool. Moreover, a total of 205 polymorphic AFLP bands were scored in all the 57 accessions analysed. The genetic relationship among 57 accessions was compared on the basis of SSR and AFLP polymorphisms. Genetic similarity dendrograms showed high correlation between the two marker systems. This study clearly established the high amount of diversity present in core samples, which is not represented in Indian genepool. Furthermore, the three accessions of C. congensis did not exhibit any significant diversity from other robusta accessions supporting the school of thought that C. congensis forms a biotype of C. canephora. The potential use of SSRs and AFLP markers in genetic diversity analysis for better ex situ management and also for exploitation of diversity in breeding programmes is discussed. 相似文献
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M. Fergany Balvir Kaur A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat C. Rys H. Lecoq N. P. S. Dhillon S. S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(2):225-243
We present here the first comprehensive genetic characterization of melon landraces from the humid tropics of southern India.
The genetic diversity among 50 melon landraces collected from 3 agro-ecological regions of southern India (6 agro-ecological
sub-regions) was assessed by variation at 17 SSR loci, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits,
pest and disease resistance, biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, titrable acidity) and mineral content (P,
K, Fe, Zn). Differences among accessions were observed in plant and fruit traits. Melon germplasm with high titrable acidity,
higher than average amounts of mineral content and resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, powdery
mildew (races 1, 2, 3, 5), Fusarium wilt (races 1, 2), Aphis gossypii and leafminer was recorded in the collection. A high level of genetic variability in melon germplasm was suggested by the
SSR analysis. Comparative analysis using SSRs of the genetic variability between Indian melons from north, south, and east
regions and reference accessions of melon from Spain, France, Japan, Korea, Iraq, Zambia showed regional differentiation between
Indian melon accessions and that Indian germplasm was weakly related to the melon accessions from other parts of the world,
suggesting that an important portion of the genetic variability found within this melon collection has not been used yet for
the development of new cultivars. Additional collections of acidulus melon germplasm should be made in southern India and adequate management of this important genetic resource is clearly a
necessity. 相似文献
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Yoseph Beyene Anna-Maria Botha Alexander A. Myburg 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(8):1579-1588
Over the past three centuries, maize has become adapted to complex environmental conditions in the highlands of Ethiopia.
We analyzed 62 traditional Ethiopian highland maize accessions, using 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 15 morphological
traits, to assess genetic diversity and relationships among these accessions and to assess the level of correlation between
phenotypic and genetic distances. The accessions varied significantly for all of the measured morphological traits. The average
number of alleles per locus was 4.9. Pair-wise genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.27 to 0.63 with a mean of
0.49. Ward minimum variance cluster analysis showed that accessions collected from the Northern agroecology were distinct
from the Western and Southern agroecologies. However, there was no differentiation between the Western and Southern accessions.
This suggested gene flow between these regions. The relationship between morphological and SSR-based distances was significant
and positive (r = 0.43, p = 0.001). The high genetic diversity observed among these set of accessions, suggests ample opportunity for the development
of improved varieties for different agroecologies of Ethiopia. From conservation perspective, sampling many accessions from
all agroecologies would be an effective way of capturing genetic variation for future collections and conservation. 相似文献
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María Ferriol Maria Belén Picó Fernando Nuez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(3):227-238
Increasing the knowledge of the molecular diversity of a crop is essential for extending its genetic base, identifying cultivars and selecting parental varieties for breeding programs. In this sense, Cucurbita maxima Duch. is poorly characterised. Nineteen accessions of this species and 8 related Cucurbita accessions were included in a genetic diversity analysis. For this purpose, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs), which analyse neutral variability, and Sequence-Based Amplified Polymorphism (SBAPs), which preferentially amplify coding regions of the genome, were used. While the UPGMA cluster and the principal coordinates analysis obtained using RAPDs did not group the different accessions according either to fruit morphological criteria or to passport data (origin and agro-climatic conditions), the principal coordinates analysis obtained using SBAPs grouped the different pumpkin accessions fundamentally according to the type of use (human consumption, animal fodder or ornamental). This passport trait is reported to be associated with agronomic breeding characters of interest. The usefulness of both types of markers for discriminating accessions of breeding interest is discussed. 相似文献
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基于SSR标记的梨资源遗传多样性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本研究利用SSR标记技术对56份梨资源进行了遗传多样性分析。利用筛选出的6对SSR引物共扩增40条谱带,其中多态性位点38个,多态性位点比例为95%,每对引物产生有效等位基因6.3个。各位点期望杂合度H值在0.0354～0.491,平均为0.1964;有效等位基因Ne值在1.0367～1.9648,平均值为1.2958;香农指数I值平均值为0.3256,说明了供试梨材料的遗传多样性较低。利用SSR标记可将44个栽培品种区分开,但无法区分芽变和原种。根据SSR标记揭示的多态性,采用NTSYS-pc软件,以UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果显示所检测的56份梨材料在相似系数0.71处可分为4组,其中中国的白梨、秋子梨和砂梨相互交错在一起,没有独自各自成组。 相似文献
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R. R. Mir J. Kumar H. S. Balyan P. K. Gupta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(5):717-726
Genetic diversity was examined in a collection of 263 Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using 90 SSR markers. These cultivars were classified into Group I (pre-green revolution cultivars) and Group II cultivars (post-green revolution cultivars). SSR markers were also classified into Set-I SSRs (42 random genomic SSRs) and Set-II SSRs (48 SSRs associated with QTLs for grain weight). The SSRs belonging to Set-II exhibited relatively low level of polymorphism, suggesting that the SSRs associated with QTL for grain weight in wheat were probably under selection pressure during wheat breeding. AMOVA indicated that proportion of the variation within each of the two groups of cultivars accounted for most (87.59%) of the molecular variance, while the variation between the two groups of cultivars accounted for only 12.41% of the variance. The estimates of the average number of alleles/locus and gene diversity due to each of the two sets of SSRs suggested increase in overall genetic diversity after green revolution in Indian bread wheat cultivars. Differences were also observed in genetic diversity among cultivars from each of the six wheat growing agro-climatic zones of India. However, decade-wise analysis of genetic diversity among the post-green revolution cultivars indicated a progressive decline in genetic diversity, thus suggesting a need for involving diverse exotic, synthetic and winter wheat germplasm in Indian wheat breeding programs. 相似文献