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1.
肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶(myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase,MIPS)是生物肌醇代谢调节的关键酶之一,为了解MIPS基因与大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)低温胁迫应激响应的相关性,本研究通过cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术克隆了大黄鱼MIPS基因的cDNA全长、进行了序列分析并检测了其在急性和慢性低温胁迫下的表达变化。结果表明,大黄鱼MIPS基因cDNA(Gen Bank登录号:MG760436)全长为2 599 bp,含1个长度为1 659 bp的开放阅读框,预测编码蛋白含553个氨基酸、分子量为60.5 kD。序列比对显示,大黄鱼与其他硬骨鱼类的MIPS氨基酸序列相似性较高(85.5%~88.4%),均含有4个高度保守核心区。系统进化树中大黄鱼MIPS与其他硬骨鱼类MIPS聚为1个大簇,并与红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)MIPS的进化关系最近。慢性低温胁迫中(12℃缓降至6℃),大黄鱼MIPS基因在鳃、皮肤和心脏组织中均呈现先显著上升后显著下降的趋势(P0.05),在8℃时达到峰值表达量,分别为12℃时的13.71、89.50和50.83倍;脑和肌肉中MIPS表达量在整个胁迫过程中持续升高,6℃时表达量比降温前分别升高了99.89和110.17倍;肠、肾、肝、脾中MIPS表达量则无显著变化(P0.05)。急性低温胁迫(由12℃骤降至8℃并持续胁迫4 h)下,MIPS基因在除肠以外的其他组织均出现显著的表达量上调(P0.05),以脑和肌肉中变化最为显著,分别比胁迫前升高了54.53和32.89倍。急性和慢性低温胁迫实验的结果提示,MIPS基因参与了大黄鱼的低温胁迫应激响应,并可能与大黄鱼的低温适应性有关,脑和肌肉是大黄鱼应对低温胁迫调节中的重要组织。该研究结果为研究大黄鱼MIPS基因的功能及研究大黄鱼低温耐受性、选育耐低温品种提供了参考资料。 相似文献
2.
为了从蛋白质组学的角度探讨超强抗寒品种白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’的抗寒机理,本研究采用TCA(三氯乙酸)-丙酮沉淀法,提取低温胁迫(4℃,7 d)前后的叶片总蛋白,对蛋白提取方法、IPG(固定pH梯度)胶条种类等环节进行了优化,运用双向电泳和质谱分析技术,鉴定了低温胁迫下‘陇油7号’5叶期叶片总蛋白质组分的表达差异模式。结果表明:改进后的蛋白质提取液(含DTT,二硫苏糖醇)和PVPP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)得到的蛋白质平均浓度较改进前高3.42μg·μL-1,除盐时间较改进前短1.14 h;同时,含蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)的蛋白提取液获得的蛋白质种类丰富,凝胶图谱中可检测到661个蛋白点,较改进前可测蛋白点数(587)提高11.2。采用17 cm p H 4~7的IPG胶条的电泳能更好地分离蛋白,得到重复性好、分辨率高的蛋白质组图谱。利用PDQuest 8.0软件分析比较了超强抗寒品种‘陇油7号’低温胁迫前后的蛋白组表达谱,发现低温胁迫前后共有15个质变的蛋白质点,推测这些差异蛋白点可能与低温胁迫的响应有关。进一步对质变的蛋白质点进行了质谱分析,鉴定出11个与低温胁迫相关的蛋白质点,这些蛋白包括光合作用相关的蛋白、糖代谢相关的蛋白、物质运输相关的蛋白和逆境响应相关的蛋白。而且,低温胁迫处理前后,‘陇油7号’叶片蛋白质的表达水平存在明显差异,这些差异蛋白可能在冬油菜抗寒响应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
3.
类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白(CBLs)互作蛋白(CIPKs) 作为类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在植物响应非生物胁迫信号转导中起着重要作用。基于前期山葡萄响应低温胁迫转录组测序结果,发现低温胁迫引发的早期伤害及感知阶段的激酶基因中涉及CBL-CIPK 信号通路的VaCIPK18表达显著上调。为进一步研究山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)VaCIPK18激酶参与低温胁迫的功能,采用同源克隆获得了VaCIPK18基因,其开放阅读框为1 320 bp,编码439个氨基酸。基于对VaCIPK18蛋白生物信息学分析,获取胞外结构域中抗原表位丰富的肽段,并将其C端调控结构域(230~439 aa)构建到原核表达载体pET28a-SUMO。将重组表达载体转化至大肠杆菌(E. coli Rosetta)中,经0.8 mmol·L-1 IPTG、37℃诱导4 h表达出大小为42 kDa的包涵体蛋白。将重组蛋白作为抗原免疫日本大耳白兔,获得anti-VaCIPK18多克隆抗体,经检测具有高效价及特异性。Western Blot结果表明,该抗体可以与葡萄内源CIPK18特异性结合,且在50 kDa位置出现与预期一致的条带。同时,CIPK18在低温胁迫后葡萄叶片中蛋白表达水平与室温下相一致,但两种状态下均存在可能的磷酸化与泛素化修饰现象。本研究结果为进一步探究VaCIPK18的蛋白定位、表达及其功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
本研究利用Real-time PCR方法,分析利用哈维氏弧菌和副溶血弧菌混合菌液攻毒12 h、24 h和48 h后,大黄鱼脾脏组织中PcQM基因表达的变化情况。结果表明,攻毒12 h后脾脏组织中大黄鱼PcQM基因表达量显著降低0.031±0.006,且差异极显著（p〈0.01）;攻毒24 h后,表达量显著增加16.240±2.822倍,且差异显著（p〈0.05）;攻毒48 h后脾脏组织中大黄鱼PcQM基因表达量显著降低0.115±0.025（p〈0.01）。初步推测,PcQM基因在大黄鱼免疫系统中起着重要的调控作用。本研究构建了PET28a（＋）/PcQM表达载体,进行体外表达。用Western-blotting分析,证实有一条约为25 kD的蛋白条带,表明PcQM蛋白体外表达成功。本研究为进一步研究PcQM蛋白免疫调节功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
龙眼成花逆转不同时期花芽差异蛋白的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2-DE差异显示和质谱分析研究了龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)成花逆转3个不同时期花芽的蛋白质组变化.在花穗叶片尚未展开期(Ⅰ期)共检测到1 012个蛋白点,花穗叶片展开但未转绿期(Ⅱ期)1 034个蛋白点,花穗叶片转绿期(Ⅲ期)1 098个蛋白点.发现19个差异表达的蛋白质,其中15个上调表达,4个下调表达.经MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS质谱分析和蛋白质数据库检索,有11个差异表达的蛋白质得到鉴定,分别为异黄酮还原酶相似蛋白(No.1)、二硫键异构酶前体相似蛋白(No.2)、拟南芥同源的某未知蛋白(No.3)、脱落胁迫成熟相似蛋白(No.4)、ATP合酶庋腔、真核翻译起始因子(No.9)、DNA结合蛋白MNB1B(No.10)、胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶(No.14)、过氧化物酶(No.16/17)和晚期胚胎丰富相似蛋白(No.19).这些蛋白分别在能量代谢、转录翻译、物质运输、信号转导以及胁迫生理等方面与龙眼成花逆转密切相关. 相似文献
6.
茭白冷藏期间蛋白质表达谱的变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨茭白冷藏期间衰老的分子机理,应用蛋白质组学技术,研究了茭白冷藏期间蛋白质表达谱的变化。结果显示,双向电泳胶上共检测到大约650个蛋白点,其中35个蛋白表达量存在2.0倍以上显著(p0.05)差异,经过串联飞行时间质谱分析,成功鉴定出29个蛋白,根据其功能可分为6类,即代谢(20.7%)、细胞结构(27.6%)、抗胁迫(20.7%)、衰老(6.9%)、蛋白质合成(13.8%)和功能未知蛋白(10.3%);其中:代谢相关蛋白3个上调表达、3个下调表达,细胞结构相关蛋白6个上调表达、2个下调表达,抗胁迫相关蛋白4个上调表达、2个下调表达,衰老相关蛋白2个上调表达,蛋白质合成相关蛋白4个及功能未知蛋白3个均下调表达。这些差异表达蛋白的功能分析表明,茭白采后衰老机理可能涉及物质代谢过程的调整、能量代谢途径的改变、活性氧清除能力的减弱以及细胞结构的解体。 相似文献
7.
为进一步了解紫花苜蓿在高温胁迫下的生理变化和相关差异蛋白表达情况,本研究以淮阴苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Huaiyin)为材料,以25℃为对照,对30℃、35℃和40℃不同高温胁迫下,淮阴苜蓿不同时期(0 h、0.5 h、1 h、4 h、12 h和24 h)幼苗叶片的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、细胞活力的动态变化进行监测,并进一步对35℃和40℃高温处理24 h的幼苗叶片差异表达蛋白进行筛选、分析和鉴定研究。结果发现,淮阴苜蓿在35℃和40℃高温下,生长0.5 h,叶片的电导率含量开始急剧上升,1 h后电导率下降,并随着处理时间的延长,电导率变化趋缓;生长1 h时,叶片的MDA含量较高,4 h后MDA含量平缓下降;细胞活力随着时间的延长总体表现出下降的趋势。差异蛋白点筛选分析结果显示,在35℃处理24 h时,有27个点存在显著差异,其中19个点是上调的,与对照图谱相比,新增了5个特殊的蛋白点。在40℃处理24 h时,有51个点存在显著差异,其中40个点是上调的,与对照图谱相比,新增了11个特殊的蛋白点。对40℃时51个蛋白点进行二级质谱鉴定发现,20 k D chaperonin、Hsp70、Hsp23和Hsp17这4个蛋白与防御机制有关,说明40℃诱导产生更多的防御蛋白,对膜系统损伤起到一定的修复功能。 相似文献
8.
为探究大海马幼体在高温和低温胁迫条件下基因表达水平的变化规律,采用Illumina平台的PE150测序功能对大海马幼体肝脏进行了转录组测序。对照组、高温胁迫组和低温胁迫组测序数据组装后获得22 513个单基因簇(Unigene),N50为2 223 bp,平均长度为1 122.71 bp。与对照组相比,高温胁迫组共获得14 009个差异表达基因,其中5 543个差异表达基因上调,8 466个差异表达基因下调;低温胁迫组共获得20 030个差异基因,14 016个差异表达基因上调,6 014个差异表达基因下调。差异表达基因经KEGG数据库富集发现,高/低温胁迫均导致大海马体内抗氧化途径相关基因表达(HSP70、HSP90、SOD等)发生显著改变;另外,高温胁迫还造成大海马免疫系统相关基因(PIK3R、Akt、IL-10、TLR等)以及细胞凋亡相关基因(CYCS、CASP9、CASP3等)表达显著改变;低温胁迫造成DNA损伤修复(MSH、DDB2、XRCC2、RAD52、Ogg1、PMS2等)、脂肪酸代谢(StARD7、ApoA4、CYP51、Fadsd6等)和细胞凋亡(P21、P53、BAX等)相关基因显著上调。选择HSP70、Fadsd 6与IL-10等13个差异基因验证,RT-qPCR结果与RNA-Seq测序结果基本一致。本研究结果为深入探究大海马温度应激的调控机制奠定了一定的理论基础,而且有助于预防极端温度对大海马造成损伤。 相似文献
9.
茭白(Zizania latifolia)是我国南方重要的水生蔬菜,温度对其田间生产具有较大的影响。以浙江省主栽双季茭白品种浙茭911为对照,采用双向电泳技术(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE)对茭白耐冷栽培品种龙茭2号叶片的差异表达蛋白进行比较鉴定分析,获得蛋白点数分布在822~955,差异蛋白点筛选表明,低温及恢复处理中,龙茭2号差异表达蛋白上调数量均高于浙茭911,差异表达蛋白下调数量均低于浙茭911;质谱成功鉴定了6个耐冷相关差异表达蛋白:IAA(indole acetic acid)生长素水解酶(IAA auxin amido hydrolase,IAA-AH)、甲酸四氢叶酸连接酶(putative formate-tetra-hydrofolate ligase,FSH)、苹果酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogenase,MDH)、6-磷酸甘露糖还原酶(mannose-6-phosphate reductase,M6PR)、ATP合成酶(ATP synthase CF1 alpha chain,ATPase)和分子伴侣cpn60-1(chaperonin cpn60-1,cpn60-1),分别与植物激素代谢、核酸合成、能量代谢、光合作用及蛋白折叠等功能相关。IAA-AH、MDH和分子伴侣cpn60-1在两个茭白品种中均表现出低温处理后表达量上调,恢复处理后表达量下调,其他3个蛋白在两个品种间表达变化存在差异;5℃低温处理时,龙茭2号中差异蛋白表达较为稳定,并能较好地恢复至对照水平。基于茭白转录组测序信息查询,克隆获得6个差异蛋白点相关基因的编码区序列并进行了荧光定量PCR验证分析。本研究从蛋白和分子水平阐明了双季茭白龙茭2号耐冷相关的部分蛋白及其表达变化,有助于揭示龙茭2号孕茭特性及其耐冷机制,为田间选育不同采收期的茭白耐冷新品种提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
采用蛭石栽培,对开花后10 d的菜用大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 进行100 mmol/LNaCl处理,利用双向电泳（Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2-DE）技术对胁迫5 d时的种子蛋白质进行分离,并对处理与对照2-DE图谱中蛋白质表达进行比较分析。在对照和处理的2-DE图谱上均检测到327个蛋白点,有28个差异表达蛋白,其中16个较对照显著上调,另外12个显著下调。利用基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱（Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）对其中6个丰度差异较大（丰度变化在2.5倍以上）的蛋白进行分析,通过数据库检索,从中鉴定出5个蛋白质,分别是大豆球蛋白前体G2、肌动蛋白、大豆球蛋白前体G2相似蛋白、类-微管蛋白和Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂,并对这些蛋白质在NaCl胁迫下可能的作用进行了讨论。结果表明,NaCl胁迫对菜用大豆种子膨大初期的蛋白质代谢产生了显著影响,肌动蛋白、类-微管蛋白和Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂可能参与了对NaCl胁迫的应答反应。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献