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1.
在进行水文预报时，由于影响河道洪水的因素众多，常用的水文预报模型往往不符合实际水文系统的客观规律。对这类系统的参数辨识要求算法具有较强的实时跟踪能力，以适应模拟或预测洪水运动变化过程的要求。利用洪水预报误差信息，对BP网络洪水实时预报校正模型与方法进行了探讨，提出了两种实时预报方法。第一：运用最小二乘递推算法，引入时变遗忘因子实时跟踪模型中时变参数的变化，建立了神经网络在非线性系统中动态的系统输入、输出数据之间的映射关系。第二：利用BP网络模型对误差的可识别性，将模型对输出变量的预报误差再次作为输出变量，对网络可能预报的误差进行实时修正。计算实例表明：以上两种方法提高了神经网络在水文领域的预报精度，给BP神经网络的实时预报方法提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2017,(8)
洪水预报是防洪减灾中的一项重要非工程措施,而在洪水预报中选择适当的水文模型对准确的洪水预报有着至关重要的意义。大伙房水库是辽宁省重要的水利工程,其地理位置决定了其防洪地位的重要性。采用BP神经网络以及遗传算法耦合大伙房模型(DHF),建立了一种半分布式洪水预报模型,对原有集总式大伙房模型进行改进,将其应用于大伙房水库以期提高预报效率并得到更好的预报效果。预报结果显示,预报效果良好,可用于正式预报。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2017,(1)
为提高洪水预报的精度,提出一种BP神经网络耦合修正算法。该方法将水文模型预报的稳定性与神经网络预报的精确性相结合,应用实测流量资料与马斯京根汇流模型耦合进行单时段修正检验,对新安江模型计算的主河道各河段区间入流进行实时修正,并将实时修正的结果与二阶AR模型进行对比分析。通过实际流域验证,结果表明:改进BP耦合修正算法修正效果稳定,收敛迅速,在提高洪水预报精度的同时不损失预见期,实时修正效果整体优于二阶AR模型。 相似文献
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基于人工神经网络建立河道水位预报多断面实时校正模型。模型选择BP神经网络与有限记忆最小二乘法相结合建立递推式网络训练学习模式,跟踪洪水预报的残差变化。通过淮河中游河道水位预报进行验证,结果表明,在2008年汛期洪水中实时校正后的水位误差减少0.14~0.46 m,验证效果较好,对实际生产预报有一定的解决意义。 相似文献
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李敬库 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2017,(3)
本文从水资源现状及发展前景出发,介绍了如今被越来越重视的智能规划方法——人工神经网络,以及其在水文领域被广泛应用的BP算法.防治洪水灾害是水资源规划的一项重要内容,结合BP神经网络进行水文预报使得预报更为简便易于操作,预报精度较传统水文模型也有一定提高.因此加强人工神经网络的深入研究,并耦合其他方法,使其更为灵活广泛地应用于水文预报领域十分重要. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖接纳流域内来水,其洪水的形成和发展受鄱阳湖流域来水和长江洪水的双重影响,造成该地区在特定时段极易引发特大洪水。文章分析了江湖作用机制,并基于1959-2009年汉口和湖口洪水资料,统计分析了江湖洪水遭遇及长江洪水倒灌入湖频次;通过构建鄱阳湖-长江干流二维水动力模型,对江湖顶托加剧情景、江湖顶托相持情景、长江洪水倒灌情景等典型洪水过程进行了重演与分析,将模拟结果与实测水位过程进行验证与误差分析,并应用该模型对1998年极端洪水遭遇过程进行模拟分析。研究结果表明：鄱阳湖洪水一般早于长江洪水出现,两者遭遇主要在6-7月;长江倒灌情景一般发生在长江主汛期,通过统计分析长江洪水的倒灌天数及倒灌水量,反映了江湖顶托强度在年代际尺度上处于此消彼长的波动状态;模型对江湖洪水遭遇典型水位过程与1998年极端洪水遭遇过程的模拟预测精度较高,效果较好,说明模型能够很好地处理鄱阳湖洪水与长江洪水遭遇的高动态变化问题,可为鄱阳湖地区的经济建设和防洪治理提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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合浦水库流域洪水实时预报模型研 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据广西合浦水库流域的水文特征，利用分散型新安江三水源模型对合浦水库流域洪水实时预报进行了研究。对流域产汇流模型以及洪水实时预报校正模型的参数进行了率定，将研制的产汇流模型应用于实际洪水预报，再利用两种不同实时校正模型对洪水预报的结果进行了校正。最后取得了较为满意的效果。 相似文献
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人工神经网络方法在黄瓜霜霉病预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取与黄瓜霜霉症发生程度显著相关的温度和湿度作为预报因子，采用神经网络的BP网络模型进行预报霜霉病的初步试验，取得了满意的效果。 相似文献
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基于汉江与长江两江洪水演进特点,建立了两江洪水演进数学模型。将计算河段分为四段,即汉江下游皇庄至汉江河口、长江螺山到汉江口、汉江汇合口到汉口水文断面以及东荆河,对汉江与长江汇合点,采用水力学中的汇流计算方法。采用实测资料对模型进行率定与验证,计算结果与实测资料吻合较好,表明本模型能较好地反映长江与汉江两江真实的物理过程,模型有较好的实用价值,可为该区域防洪调度及决策提供参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献