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广东鸡,鸭隐孢子虫种类鉴定与致病性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
从有患轻微呼吸道症状的鸡和鸭的粪便中分离到隐孢子虫卵囊，并在其组织切片中观察到隐孢子虫。根据卵囊的形态和大小、虫体寄生部位，确定鸡、鸭均为贝氏隐孢子虫感染。用上述鸡、鸭粪便中分离的卵囊，分别经口感染２日龄鸡和鸭各１５只以探索其致病性。感染鸡出现明显呼吸道症状，将引起死亡，气管、支气管、气囊、肺和法氏囊出现大体与显微病变。感染鸭则症状和病变都较鸡轻。结果表明：鸭对贝氏隐孢子虫感染的抵抗力比鸡强。 相似文献
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为探讨复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、地克珠利和阿奇霉素4种药物对鸡胚和雏鸡人工感染模型中鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫的作用,筛选有效防治隐孢子虫药物,采用鸡胚培养和人工感染雏鸡模型,分别以各组鸡胚发育状况、鸡胚中卵囊量、雏鸡精神状态、排卵囊规律、体质量变化、发病率、死亡率等为观察指标,考察这4种药物对隐孢子虫的作用。结果显示,使用复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、地克珠利、阿奇霉素组鸡胚中虫体数分别为阳性对照组的15.05%、88.71%、77.42%、68.82%。复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶可缓解人工感染雏鸡隐孢子虫病临床症状,感染雏鸡发病率降低20%,死亡率降低13.13%,且可使排卵囊强度降低。结果表明,复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶以一定剂量连续使用一定时间对雏鸡贝氏隐孢子虫病有潜在治疗作用。 相似文献
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根据GenBank公布的安氏隐孢子虫SSU rRNA基因序列设计1对引物和TaqMan探针,建立了基于TaqMan探针检测安氏隐孢子虫的实时荧光定量PCR方法,并对奶牛粪便进行了检测.结果显示,设计的探针对检测安氏隐孢子虫具有很高的特异性;粒DNA和卵囊的检测阈值分别达到5个拷贝和10个卵囊,奶牛粪便阳性率为21.15%(11/52).建立的安氏隐孢子虫TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法简便、快速,特异性强,敏感度高,可用于安氏隐孢子虫的快速定量检测. 相似文献
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应用巢式聚合酶链反应(Nested PCR)建立了一种检测隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)的方法。试验中隐孢子虫卵囊纯化采用庶糖密度梯度离心法,以液氮-热水浴反复冻融及酚-氯仿抽提冷乙醇沉淀法制备模板DNA,根据隐孢子虫18S rRNA序列高度保守区设计2对引物,建立Nested PCR诊断方法。该方法特异性强,可检出牛源微小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)、羊源微小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)、牛源安氏隐孢子虫(C.andersoni)、鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫(C.baileyi)及猪源隐孢子虫(C.suis);敏感性高,该方法最低核酸DNA检测量达到10fg。初步应用结果表明,所建立的Nested PCR方法适合于隐孢子虫病的诊断和分子流行病学调查。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2017,(6)
为筛选一种检测谱广、敏感性好、特异性高的隐孢子虫实时荧光定量PCR法,对JVAP18S法、Csp18S法和CRU18S法三种隐孢子虫实时荧光定量PCR方法的敏感性、特异性和重复性进行了检测,并与基于18S r DNA序列的套式PCR方法进行了比较。结果显示,以10倍倍比稀释的含有微小隐孢子虫18S r DNA基因片段的重组质粒为模板,成功地建立了三种实时荧光定量PCR方法;敏感性试验显示,JVAP18S法和Csp18S法最低可检测0.1个卵囊,而CRU18S法最低只能检测到1个卵囊,但他们均比套式PCR方法敏感;特异性试验结果显示,三种实时荧光定量PCR法均可检测微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)、泰泽隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium tyzzeri)和贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium baileyi),而其他属寄生虫和细菌DNA的检测结果均为阴性;重复性试验结果显示,JVAP18S法、Csp18S法和CRU18S法的批内变异系数分别为0.69%~2.68%、0.11%~4.93%、0.04%~2.89%,批间变异系数分别为0.52%~5.75%、2.09%~5.13%、1.15%~3.71%;对50份小鼠田间粪便样品检测结果显示,JVAP18S法检测的阳性率为84.00%,显著高于套式PCR法检测的64.00%的阳性率。上述结果表明,三种实时荧光定量PCR法均能有效检测隐孢子虫,比较而言,JVAP18S法敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,尤其适合于隐孢子虫含量较少的样品检测。 相似文献
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为了解不同地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫的致病特点,对收集到的郑州、林州两地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫卵囊经雏鸡传代扩增纯化后,分别以1×106个卵囊量接种3日龄罗曼公雏鸡,从其排卵囊情况、临床症状和病理学变化比较了2个分离株的致病情况。结果表明:2个隐孢子虫分离株均主要引起雏鸡呼吸道症状和法氏囊炎病变;接种雏鸡均于感染后第4天开始排卵囊,林州株和郑州株排卵囊持续期分别为23 d和13 d;排卵囊高峰期均为感染后第8~12天。雏鸡感染2个地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫分离株后,排卵囊量及排卵囊规律存在差异。 相似文献
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应用PCR检测隐孢子虫卵囊的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
隐孢子虫病是一种重要的人畜共患原虫病。为了在临床样品中更准确、快速地检测隐孢子虫卵囊，从初步纯化的含有不同数量隐孢子虫卵囊的样品中和含有不同数量隐孢子虫卵囊的奶牛粪便中，直接提取DNA或用DNA纯化试剂盒对提取的奶牛粪便中卵囊DNA进行纯化之后用作PCR模板，用1对人工合成寡核苷酸作为PCR引物，扩增片段大小为452bp。优化了Mg^2 浓度、引物浓度和dNTP浓度，并进行了特异性检验。建立的PCR具有隐孢子虫属特异性，不仅扩增出新鲜样品DNA提取物中的目的片段，而且扩增出放置6年之久的DNA提取物中的目的片段。样品经过初步纯化之后，最低检测值100个卵囊／ml；从含有隐孢子虫卵囊的奶牛粪便中提取DNA，尔后经过DNA纯化试剂盒纯化，PCR最低检测值为10^5个卵囊/g粪便。 相似文献
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观察了在不同条件下柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)在鸡胚中的发育。用10~3子孢子经尿囊腔、蛋黄囊或绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)接种10日龄鸡胚,置41℃培养。仅从接种鸡胚的尿囊腔中发现了卵囊,接种后48小时在那里发现了第一代裂殖体,72小时发现了第二代裂殖体,144小时发现了配子和卵囊。许多卵囊在CAM和尿酸盐沉淀中,少数在尿囊液中。接种后7和8天观察鸡胚,卵囊的数量相似,这两天鸡胚中孢子发生率无明显差异。在接种的8和12日龄的鸡胚中,死亡率差异不显著,而在8日龄接种鸡胚得到的卵囊数最低。死亡率随接种量(在100和100,000之间)的增加而增加,卵囊数的增加与剂量(从63到10,000)的对数成比例。从试验结果可以明显看出,将1×10~3个子孢子经尿囊腔接种于9到12日龄鸡胚,然后在41℃孵育7—8天,可从CAM和尿酸盐中有效地获得卵囊。 相似文献
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脆弱艾美尔球虫在鸡胚培养中,可以像在鸡的肠道内一样地完成全部内生性发育史。用体外脱囊的球虫子孢子接种于9～11仅龄鸡胚的尿囊胜中。在40℃～41℃下培养,可在绒毛尿囊膜细胞内观察到无性世代和有性世代两个发育阶段。出现第一、二、三代裂殖体,以及大配子体、小配子体和卵囊。成熟的第一代裂殖体在绒毛尿囊膜细胞内最早出现于感染后48小时,第二代为94小时,第三代为132小时。大配子体和小配子体、卵囊分别于感染后132和144小时形成,均寄生在绒毛尿囊膜表层。各期虫体的发生时间与鸡体内基本相似,从子孢子开始到产生次代卵囊,完成全部内生性发育需要144小时。 相似文献
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Wang R Qi M Jingjing Z Sun D Ning C Zhao J Zhang L Xiao L 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):151-154
Few data are available on the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in ostriches. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes in ostriches. A total of 452 fecal samples from five farms, a zoo, and an animal rescue center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy of wet mount of fecal materials concentrated by the Sheather's sugar flotation technique. Fifty-three samples were Cryptosporidium-positive from four farms, with an overall prevalence of 11.7%. The percentage of animals shedding oocysts was 0, 16.2%, 7.2%, and 0 in 1-3 weeks, 4-8 weeks, 3-12 months, and more than 12 months ostriches, respectively (χ(2)=17.74; ρ<0.01). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of the 53 Cryptosporidium-positive samples showed the presence of only Cryptosporidium baileyi, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the SSU rRNA PCR products from 16 positive samples. Cross-transmission studies demonstrated that the C. baileyi isolate could infect chickens and quails. Thus, ostriches are commonly infected with C. baileyi that is genetically and biologically similar to C. baileyi found in other birds. 相似文献
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Characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis viruses, antigenic comparison by kinetics of neutralization and immunization studies. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Five isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus were compared by pock formation on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, plaque size in chicken embryo kidney tissue culture, and antigenic relationship using reciprocal kinetics of neutralization. The A4557-5 strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus, which causes mild respiratory disease, produced pocks with a zone of edema on the chorioallantoic membrane. A virulent virus (Virus 1), isolated from an outbreak of severe disease characterized by a diphtheritic laryngotracheitis, produced the largest plaques in chicken embryo kidney cell culture. Other virulent viruses (Viruses 2, 3 and V154) did not have unique growth characteristics when grown on the chorioallantoic membrane or in chicken embryo kidney cell culture. All viruses were closely related antigenically as shown by kinetics of neutralization but viruses 2 and 3 were not homogeneous with the other three viruses when neutralized by anti-V154 chicken serum. Following aerosol infection, chickens infected with the A4557-5 virus were immune to challenge with virulent V154 virus. However, in comparison to SA-2 virus, this virus was a less effective immunizing agent when administered by the vent or drinking water methods. 相似文献
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Cryptosporidium baileyi causes respiratory disease, pallor, death, and transient increased feed conversion (FC) and decreased body weight gain (BWG) when intratracheally (IT) inoculated into young chicks. Unlike the case for young chicks in previous studies, C. baileyi had no effect on FC, BWG, or mortality in IT-inoculated 26-day-old chicks. Results from two different histologic evaluations indicated that IT inoculation with 10(4) oocysts caused higher epithelium lesion scores (P less than 0.05) and higher mucosal area scores (P less than 0.05) than did IT inoculation with more, fewer, or no oocysts. Reasons for these findings and implications of chicken immune system response to or modulation by C. baileyi are discussed. 相似文献
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To study effects of experimental cryptosporidiosis, broiler chickens were infected per os with 5 x 10(5) oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium meleagridis. In the first experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of C. baileyi at the age of 7, 14, and 21 days. In the second experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of C. baileyi, C. meleagridis, or both cryptosporidial species at the age of 7 days. Although clinical signs of infection were apparent, neither final live weight nor mortality was significanty influenced in chickens infected with a single Cryptosporidium species. In chickens infected with C. meleagridis, the growth retardation was observed in the 2-wk period after infection. The compensatory growth, however, started when the oocyst shedding had ceased. The number of oocysts in excreta specimens of chickens infected with C. meleagridis was two to three times lower than in excreta of chickens infected with C. baileyi. Chickens infected with both C. baileyi and C. meleagridis (5 x 10(5) oocysts of each) had significantly lower final live weight and worse feed efficiency than chickens of other groups. Concurrent infection did not influence individual C. baileyi or C. meleagridis oocyst shedding. 相似文献
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为了解来源于地方鸡品种的隐孢子虫分离株致病特点,对收集到的河南固始鸡源隐孢子虫经鹌鹑传代纯化后,进行动物感染。结果:固始鸡源隐孢子虫分离株无论在正常还是免疫抑制情况下均不能感染小鼠,但能成功感染海兰雏鸡,出现明显的呼吸道症状及法氏囊病变。剖检发现虫体主要寄生在法氏囊、气管和泄殖腔等部位。根据卵囊形态学及寄生部位等特点,本试验分离的隐孢子虫种类鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫(Crypto-sporidium baileyi)。增大感染剂量,可使雏鸡排卵囊高峰期提前,排卵囊量增大,持续期延长;免疫抑制剂的使用也可使高峰期提前,持续期延长,但会造成试验动物死亡率增高。雏鸡临床症状、剖检病变和增重减少均与感染剂量呈正相关,免疫抑制剂的使用会加重此影响。 相似文献
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De Waele V Berzano M Speybroeck N Berkvens D Mulcahy GM Murphy TM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):366-368
In order to clarify if a peri-parturient rise of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts occurs in cows, faecal samples from 42 cows on two farms were collected. These samples were taken during the pre-parturient, the peri-parturient and the post-parturient periods. Two methods were used to detect the oocysts, a nested-PCR coupled with sequencing and a duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) that quantified Cryptosporidium spp. DNA concentration. The qPCR results were adjusted using a hierarchical Bayesian model taking into account within and between run variation. Generalised Estimating Equation models (GEE) were used to determine if peri-parturient cows were at greater risk of being infected than pre- or post-parturient cows. Fourteen dairy cows exhibited a peri-parturient and post-parturient rise in the excretion of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, other than the zoonotic C. parvum. The cows in the suckler beef farm were the only ones infected with the zoonotic species C. parvum at calving. Due to the low concentration of oocysts excreted mainly from species other than C. parvum, it would appear unlikely that cows act as a source of infection for their calves or contribute significantly to environmental contamination. 相似文献
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鸡全胚成纤维细胞在鸡痘细胞活疫苗生产中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用鸡胚全部组织(全胚法)制备鸡胚成纤维单层细胞和采用鸡胚部分组织(常规法)制备鸡胚成纤维单层细胞生产了鸡痘细胞活疫苗,接毒后均产生大量的感染多核细胞和典型细胞融合性病变(胡椒粒样).鸡胚效价检测表明,鸡痘细胞苗和鸡痘组织苗均可引起鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜水肿、增厚或痘斑,但鸡痘细胞苗产生痘斑数量明显高于鸡痘组织苗.鸡体刺种结果表明,鸡痘细胞苗诱发的免疫反应(发痘)好于鸡痘组织苗;与常规法相比,全胚成纤维单层细胞制备方法可提高鸡胚利用率2倍以上.全胚法也可应用于制备其他鸡成纤维细胞疫苗. 相似文献