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为探明高温条件下澳洲坚果叶片黄化的生理特性,以澳洲坚果品种‘HAES344’的叶片为试材,对湛江地区2019年6月份的气温进行调查,初步研究叶片的一些生理生化指标的变化。结果表明：湛江地区6月份的昼/夜平均温度高达33.6 ℃/28.5 ℃,特别是遭遇了3次较长时间的温度高峰期,其每日的昼/夜平均温度均超过35 ℃/29 ℃,可能导致了黄化叶片发生。随着叶片黄化程度的加深,叶片的SPAD值、SOD活性以及叶绿素（Chla+Chlb、Chla与Chlb）含量及其荧光参数（Fo、Fm与Fv / Fm）均显著下降,而丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量以及POD活性均显著升高,CAT活性则保持相对稳定。但同正常叶片相比,黄化叶片的SPAD值、叶绿素含量及其荧光参数均显著降低,而MDA和H2O2含量以及POD与CAT活性却显著升高。相关性分析结果表明,Fo、Fm、Fv / Fm、MDA、Chla、CAT、SOD、POD等8个指标间存在一定的显著相关性。该结果对于了解澳洲坚果叶片黄化具有参考价值,为进一步开展相关分子机理研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究 总被引：57，自引：7，他引：50
2003～2004年以中筋小麦品种扬麦11号、WH510和徐州26为试验材料,研究不同生育时期(拔节、孕穗、抽穗)不同叶位叶片SPAD值变化特征及其与叶片叶绿素含量、全氮含量及NO3--N含量的关系,旨在为小麦上应用SPAD快速诊断施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,不同品种及不同叶位小麦叶片SPAD值明显不同;小麦叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量之间的关系因品种和生育时期的不同而有明显差异,同一品种小麦不同叶位叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关。小麦叶片SPAD值与全氮含量呈正相关,SPAD值高,全氮含量也高,可以用SPAD值估算全氮含量进行小麦氮素营养状况诊断,但同一品种不同叶位SPAD值与全氮含量的关系表现不一致,即用SPAD值来诊断小麦叶片氮含量时应选择完全展开并已进入功能盛期的叶片。小麦叶片SPAD值与NO3-N含量相关性不显著。 相似文献
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本研究前期以中双11（ZS11）作母本、QU作父本通过小孢子培养构建了一个包含282个株系的DH群体，并通过两环境表型考察及DH基因型分型，对甘蓝型油菜叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）进行分析和定位，在A2染色体21.87~22.91 Mb区间获得一个主效QTL，为了进一步明确甘蓝型油菜叶绿素含量与产量的关系，通过分子标记和KASP技术以ZS11作轮回亲本构建了叶绿素主效QTL单位点的近等基因系群体，基于DH群体和单位点近等基因系群体为研究材料，对苗期叶片叶绿素含量和产量性状的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：在西宁和互助两个环境中，DH群体叶片SPAD值呈正态分布，双亲SPAD值呈极显著差异，F1的SPAD值呈偏高值分布，表明该性状为部分显性，且不同环境条件下，同一群体叶绿素的含量不同，高海拔和低温条件下SPAD偏高；在一定范围内，叶绿素SPAD值与单株产量正相关，且相关系数随样本量的减少而增加；单株产量在两组不同基因型近等基因系中均存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）。根据遗传连锁图置信区间，开发了2个多态性较好的共显性InDel标记和基于KASP技术的6个分型较好的SNP标记作为分子标记辅助选择育种筛选的候选标记。本研究为油菜高叶绿素性状的分子标记辅助选择提供了标记基础，为高光效新品种的选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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基于SPAD值的木薯叶绿素含量预测模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨木薯叶绿素含量的非破坏性快速测定方法,在测量叶片SPAD值、比叶面积和叶绿素含量的基础上构建通过SPAD值预测总叶绿素含量的数学模型。结果表明,叶绿素a对于SPAD值的贡献率大于叶绿素b;比叶面积和叶位显著影响SPAD值与总叶绿素含量的关系,在SPAD值预测总叶绿素含量的模型中导入比叶面积和叶位2个自变量可提高预测总叶绿素含量的精度;基于SPAD值、比叶面积、叶位预测总叶绿素含量的模型为C=-4.51+0.092 5 Spv+0.039 9 Sa+0.145 0（Lp）。 相似文献
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苎麻叶片SPAD值与氮素含量关系的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文探讨利用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测得的叶绿素相对值(称SPAD值)预测苎麻叶片全氮含量的可行性.通过盆栽试验,设置不同的供氮水平,研究幼苗期、旺长期和成熟期两个苎麻品种功能叶片的SPAD值与全氮含量的关系.结果表明,不同生育时期两个品种苎麻叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都达到了0.01水平下极显著正相关,SPAD值可以很好的反映苎麻的全氮营养状况.根据不同品种和生育时期建立了SPAD值预测叶片全氮含量的6个回归模型,预测精度在85.23%-92.08%之间.通过SPAD值能够准确、快速、无损的预测叶片氮营养状况,为确定苎麻合理的施肥提供理论依据,应用前景广阔. 相似文献
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铝毒是酸性土壤中抑制植物生长和产量的主要因子,但其对橡胶幼苗生长的影响研究甚少。本研究设置50、100、200 mmol/L 3种Al3+处理浓度,采用水培试验研究了铝胁迫下橡胶幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根系导水率、H2O2和O2-含量变化。结果表明：叶片SPAD值、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根系导水率随胁迫时间的延长而逐渐降低,H2O2和O2-含量则逐渐增加,且浓度越高对各个指标的影响越显著。铝毒害可造成根系活性氧（H2O2和O2-）的累积,进而造成根系活力和导水率下降,叶片SPAD值和相对含水量下降,最终导致橡胶幼苗死亡。 相似文献
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通过测定缺钼与施钼处理冬小麦品种叶绿素含量的相对比值（SPAD值），研究了不同时期小麦叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、蛋白酶活性及叶绿素a、b比值（Ch1a／Ch1b）的变化，以探讨冬小麦缺钼黄化的原因。结果表明，34个冬小麦品种叶绿素SPAD值缺钼处理显著低于施钼处理，说明冬小麦黄化的原因是缺钼引起冬小麦叶绿素含量下降；播种后27和57d（低温时期）的两个冬小麦品种叶绿素含量缺钼处理显著低于施钼处理，播种后135d（高温时期）的两个冬小麦品种缺钼和施钼处理叶绿素含量没有显著差异，进一步说明低温时期缺钼易引起冬小麦叶绿素含量下降，从而导致冬小麦黄化现象的发生。缺钼时类胡萝卜素含量同叶绿素含量一样显著下降，并与之在不同时期呈现一致的变化趋势。缺钼与施钼处理间蛋白酶活性无显著差异，表明缺钼时叶绿素含量的下降不是分解加剧的结果，而可能是由于叶绿素合成受阻所致。两个冬小麦品种缺钼和施钼处理Ch1a／Ch1b较为恒定，无显著差异。然而播种后27、57和84d（温度较低时期）Ch1a／Ch1b比值显著高于播种后135d（温度较高时期），表明叶绿素a向叶绿素b的转化受低温影响，而与钼营养的丰缺无关。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献