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1.
为了比较鲟鱼(Acipenser sinensis)肉在4℃冷藏与?3℃微冻过程中的品质变化,提供一种提高鲟鱼新鲜品质的贮藏方式,通过感官评分、菌落总数(TVC)、pH值、挥发性盐基氮值(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、质构、挥发性风味物质、水分分布状态与肌纤维微观结构等指标的测定,评价了2种温度贮藏对鲟鱼肉品质的影响。结果显示,随着贮藏时间的延长,2种低温保鲜方式下鲟鱼肉的自由水与结合水的比例、TVB-N、TBA和菌落总数均呈现上升趋势;质构指标硬度和弹性及感官评分均呈降低趋势;观察其微观结构发现,随着贮藏时间的延长,肌纤维之间出现黏连,肌节逐渐由清晰变为模糊,?3℃贮藏后期表现尤为明显。综合各指标的变化规律,确定了4℃冷藏和?3℃微冻条件下,鲟鱼肉的货架期分别为6 d和18 d。与冷藏相比,微冻可较好地保持鲟鱼肉品质,微生物对鲟鱼肉的腐败进程影响较小,而质构指标则是影响贮藏末期感官评分的最主要因素。 相似文献
2.
鱼肉酶解物及壳聚糖对鲤鱼涂膜保鲜效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以感官评分、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数、K值为指标,研究比较了鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖为原料的涂膜液对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)(4℃)冷藏过程中品质变化的影响。结果显示:贮藏期间,对照组的感官评分显著低于各涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏前8 d,涂膜组能够显著抑制K值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖涂膜组均能够显著抑制细菌的生长,而贮藏2～6 d内鱼肉酶解物涂膜鲤鱼的菌落总数显著低于壳聚糖涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏后期,鱼肉酶解物组能延缓TVB-N值的升高,壳聚糖涂膜组能够显著抑制TVB-N值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物可作为一种新的可食性涂膜材料,用于延长鲤鱼的贮藏期。 相似文献
3.
研究了不同超高压条件(0、50、150、300、450和600MPa,保压处理15 min)对鳙感官、色度、硬度、pH、氨基氮含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性和超微结构的影响.结果表明,超高压处理改善了鱼肉的气味、滋味和咀嚼度,300、450和600MPa处理能够显著提高鱼肉的感官品质(P＜0.05);改变了鱼肉的色度,使L *值和b*值升高,a*值下降.150MPa以上的高压能够显著提高鱼肉的硬度(P＜0.05).氨基氮含量在高压处理后显著升高(P＜0.05),50和300MPa处理组的氨基氮含量比对照组分别上升了15.19％和17.89％.鱼肉的pH随着压力的升高而上升.超高压抑制了肌球蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性,当压力≥150MPa时,Ca2+-ATPase的失活速度明显加快.超高压对肌原纤维的超微结构也有较大影响,150MPa处理后,肌节收缩,肌原纤维变粗,M线、Z线和H区消失,A带和I带断裂.450MPa处理后,肌节结构被完全破坏,肌原纤维间隙消失,肌原纤维凝胶化现象严重.综合感官和理化测定结果可知,超高压在改善鳙品质方面具有潜在的应用前景. 相似文献
4.
《南方水产》1995,(11)
952034 漂洗处理对波鳍金线鱼鱼丸品质的影响=Effect of washing treatment on thequality of Nemipterus tolu fishballs[刊,英]/Yu S K//Asean Food J..-1994,9(3).-111～115 使用仪器测量及感官评价方法,对比了不漂洗及漂洗波鳍金线鱼Nemipterus tolu碎肉制作的鱼丸。与漂洗2～3次的碎鱼肉制作的鱼丸相比,不漂洗及漂洗1次碎鱼肉制作的鱼丸的弹性及坚固性要差。但两者在含水量、韧性及质感上无明显的差异。漂洗2～3次碎肉制成的鱼丸比不漂洗及漂洗1次碎肉制成的鱼丸的颜色要白得多。未观察到漂洗2～3次碎鱼肉制成的鱼丸所测量的参数有明显的差异。(艾红) 相似文献
5.
热泵干燥海参的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对海参的热泵干燥法和传统"高温挂盐"法进行了比较研究。结果表明,选用较低干燥空气相对湿度(RH=28%±2%)、较高风速(V=1.80m/s)和小个体海参(L=42.22mm),干燥速度较快。试验条件对海参收缩率的影响不明显。不同条件下海参的复水比速度在5min时达到最大,其中较大风速(V=1.80m/s)和小个体海参(L=42.22mm)在5min时复水比速度较其它条件大。与传统干燥方法相比,热泵干燥海参法节省了干燥时间,简化了操作步骤,提高了产品的感官品质。 相似文献
6.
高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章研究了高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片的保鲜效果,通过罗非鱼片贮藏过程中肉汁渗出率、菌落总数、感官品质、色差值、总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂质氧化(TBA)、p H等指标的变化情况,分析比较3.8 kV、1.8 kV、0 V高压静电下罗非鱼肉品质指标的变化。结果表明,高压静电场能够显著改善鱼肉的品质,贮藏至第30天,样品无异味,感官品质良好,可显著抑制肉汁渗出;可有效抑制微生物的生长和挥发性盐基氮的增加,在一定程度上抑制了鱼肉内脂肪氧化,具有较好的保鲜效果。总体上3.8 kV高压静电对鱼肉的保鲜效果优于1.8 kV高压静电,可延长肉片的保质期至30 d。 相似文献
7.
咸鱼品质的质构与感官相关性分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了探讨咸鱼品质的质构与感官评定的相关性,对其品质的感官评定结果与质构仪器分析结果进行了研究.以3种咸鱼,11个样品为研究对象,对其质构进行人工感官评价与质构仪(TPA模式)测定,对测定结果进行方差分析,结果显示11个样品的感官评价具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),TPA各个参数之间也存在一定的差异性.对仪器质构测定结果与感官评定结果进行相关性分析,结果表明仪器质构测定结果与感官评定结果之间有密切的相关性.其中,仪器测定的弹性参数与感官评价指标均具有显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)相关性,相关系数为0.398 ～0.859;而咀嚼性只与硬度具有显著相关,相关系数为0.650;其他参数均存在不同的相关性(r=-0.355 ～0.829).对感官评价总分与仪器分析结果进行相关性分析,得出硬度、咀嚼性与感官评价总分呈显著正相关关系(P ＜0.05,R=0.974 ～0.994),内聚性、弹性、黏着性与感官评价总分呈显著负相关关系(P ＜0.05,R=0.937～0.998).3种咸鱼品质的质构仪器分析值与感官评价值具有很好的相关性,为质构仪在咸鱼品质评价上的应用提供了理论依据. 相似文献
8.
为了更好地了解0 ℃冷藏条件下鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）鱼体的阻抗特性与鲜度的变化规律及相关性,建立鱼体鲜度快速检测方法,分别测定了鲢鱼片的品质指标[菌落总数、肌苷和次黄嘌呤浓度总和/ATP关联物浓度总和（K值）、汁液损失、感官评价]以及鲢鱼体的阻抗变化率（Q值）,分析了Q值与各品质指标的相关性。结果显示,随贮藏时间的延长,鱼片的菌落总数、K值和汁液损失率逐渐增加,感官评分和鱼体的Q值逐渐减小。第15天鱼片的菌落总数为（6.85±0.07）log cfu·g-1,K值为（63.97±1.93）%,汁液损失率为（6.26±0.01）%,感官评分为10.0±1.4分,Q值为（22.92±2.60）%,此时鱼片失去食用价值。Q值与菌落总数、K值、汁液损失和感官评价的相关系数R分别为0.972、0.976、0.945和0.984（P〈0.01）,表明Q值与各鲜度指标具有良好的相关性。在0 ℃贮藏条件下用Q值可快速、无损伤地评估鲢鲜度。 相似文献
9.
为了解不冻液处理后的优质养殖石斑鱼在常温直销物流过程中的品质变化和货架期,本研究对鲜活石斑鱼采用不冻液处理后,测定其在模拟常温直销物流过程中的肌肉微观结构及其在物流条件下的温度曲线、感官评价、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)、菌落总数和K值的变化,并与空气冻结处理、对照组的结果进行比较。结果显示,鲜活石斑鱼采用不冻液处理不仅可使鱼肉保持新鲜的品质,而且能明显延长常温流通货架期,物流时间可达到80 h,该时间下其TVB-N达到26.88 mg/100 g,K值47.965%,菌落数为5.88 lg (CFU/g),鱼肉肌肉纤维结构完整,接近新鲜鱼肉,感官评价结果好,比静止空气冻结组延长10 h,比无冻对照组延长30 h。本研究可为优质石斑鱼的保藏提供新的保鲜、保真、保质技术,为当前石斑鱼从养殖产地直销到消费者家中的常温物流需求提供技术支持。 相似文献
10.
【目的】为了建立草鱼品质综合评价体系,【方法】以三种养殖模式下的草鱼作为实验材料,进行了生、熟品尝评价和营养成分检测,对影响感官品质的主观感受(品尝)与客观因素(营养成分含量)进行分析。【结果】结果表明,在养殖模式间差异性方面,生鱼肉感官评价全部评价指标以及熟食评价的土腥味差异极显著(P0.01),熟食评价的凝聚性、弹性、咀嚼性等项差异显著(P 0.05);营养成分差异不显著(P 0.05);呈鲜味氨基酸差异显著(P 0.05)。在感官品质指标对综合评价的影响方面,回归分析表明,凝聚性对熟食综合评价结果影响最大(标准化系数为0.547),其次是咀嚼性(-0.442),而硬度(-0.109)和弹性(0.111)影响较小;组织形态对生鱼肉综合评价影响最大(0.659),其次是硬度(0.630),影响最小的是色泽(-0.211)和气味(-0.288)。相关分析结果表明,熟食各指标间弹性与硬度、弹性与咀嚼性、弹性与土腥味相关系数均达到极显著水平(P 0.01);生鱼肉各指标间相关系大部分均达到极显著水平(P 0.01),尤其是组织形态与黏胶性(在生鱼肉中相关系数为0.813)、生鱼肉组织形态与色泽(0.803)、色泽与气味(0.795)。对营养品质与感官品质关系分析,粗脂肪对熟食综合评价影响最大,其次是水分;粗脂肪对生鱼肉综合评价影响最大,其次是灰分。【结论】因此,不论是营养组成还是感官品质均可通过利用不同养殖模式来进行改善。同时,该实验的研究结果为提高养殖草鱼风味、品质提供了基础数据,为下一步水产养殖精准化打下了基础。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献