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1.
采用试管二倍稀释法测定了16种中草药单方及5种复方制剂对鲁氏耶尔森菌（Yersinia ruckeri）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明,黄芩（Radix Scutellariae）和诃子（Fructus Chebulae）对鲁氏耶尔森菌的抑菌作用最强,MIC均为0.028g·mL^-1,可作为防治水产养殖动物耶尔森菌病害的主要备选中草药;大黄（Radix et Rhizoma Rhei）的抑菌作用较强,其MIC值为0.227g·mL^-1,也可作为候选药物;青蒿（Herba Artemisiae）、金樱子（Fructus Rosae Laevigatae）、连翘（Fructus Forsythiae）、茵陈（Herba Artemisiae Scopariae）、五倍子（Galla Chinensis）及金银花（Flos Lonicerae）的抑菌作用较弱,其MIC值均为0.455g·mL^-1。5种复方制剂中,大黄、黄柏（Cortex Phel-lodendri）和黄芩3种中草药以5：3：2的比例配伍对鲁氏耶尔森菌具有最佳抑菌作用,其MIC值为0.057g·mL^-1,抑菌效果弱于黄芩,但远强于大黄单独使用,可为该细菌性疾病的防治提供复方配伍参考。 相似文献
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100种中草药体外抑杀嗜水气单胞菌的药效研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了诃子等100种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的抑制作用,并用二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果较强的48种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示∶大部分中草药对嗜水气单胞菌有抑制作用,诃子和秦皮的抑杀效果最好,其抑菌圈直径达20 mm以上,MIC和MBC相同,都为3.91 mg/mL(诃子)和7.81 mg/mL(秦皮);红藤、仙鹤草和覆盆子等13种中草药有中等强度的抑菌和杀菌效果;雷公藤等33种中草药抑菌作用弱;而牛蒡子等52种中草药无抑菌作用。 相似文献
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21种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的试管内抑菌作用 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：32
在试管内测定了21睛种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌8个菌株的抑菌作用。结果表明五倍子、辣蓼、大黄．黄芩、乌梅抑菌作用明显.最小抑菌浓度（MIC）小于10ul／mI;黄柏、菖蒲、金银花、龙胆草有一定抑菌效果，NIC10-50ul／mI;而连翘、板兰根、马齿苋、射干、穿心莲、鱼腥草，白头翁、蒲公英,大青叶,桑叶、车前草和艾抑菌作用不明显。MIC均大于50ul／ml， 相似文献
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为筛选对昆明裂腹鱼源维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)有抑菌作用的中草药及复方,本研究通过煎煮法制备31种常见中草药水提取物,以牛津杯法测定各味中草药对该菌的抑菌圈直径,采用二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);选取体外抗菌活性较好的6种中草药,应用棋盘法进行15组二联药方的部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)试验;按正交设计表配伍25组复方,同样进行药敏试验。结果显示,31种中草药中,五倍子、地榆、诃子、苏木、黄芩、黄连等6种中草药抑菌效果最好;15组联用药方均未发生拮抗作用,其中以五倍子+地榆、诃子+黄芩联用效果最好,FIC分别为0.31、0.50,表现为协同作用;综合复方中草药的抑菌作用,复方F16(五倍子∶地榆∶诃子∶苏木∶黄芩∶黄连=4∶4∶2∶5∶3∶1)的抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈直径达23.2 mm, MIC与MBC分别为0.98 mg/mL、1.95 mg/mL,可作为昆明裂腹鱼源维氏气单胞菌抑菌药物的首选配伍组合。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌的体外药效学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌体外药效学。主要包括:最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的测定、生长动力学曲线、杀菌动力学曲线、抗菌后效应、四种培养因子对恩诺沙星体外抑制嗜水气单胞菌活性影响的体外药效学研究。结果表明:MIC、MBC和MBC/MIC分别为0.16μg/mL、0.32μg/mL和2,嗜水气单胞菌在液体培养基中培养2h后进入对数期生长,大约持续10h;在用药4~8h时达到最大药效,由杀菌曲线可知恩诺沙星具有浓度依赖性;浓度为4MIC的抗菌后效应大于8MIC的对应值,但它们之间无显著差异(P0.05);恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌作用的最适pH值为7~8;二价阳离子(Mg2+)对恩诺沙星药效影响较大;随着Mg2+浓度增大,药效降低;血清可降低恩诺沙星的药效;细菌数量对其抗菌活性影响不显著。 相似文献
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在水温(25±2)℃下,给体质量150~200g的异育银鲫分别口灌3种剂量(20、30、40mg/kg)的诺氟沙星和恶喹酸,结合这两种药物对嗜水气单胞菌AH10的体外药效学研究和对异育银鲫单次口灌不同剂量的诺氟沙星、恶喹酸的体内药代动力学,研究诺氟沙星、恶喹酸对异育银鲫体内嗜水气单胞菌AH10的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,恶喹酸和诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌AH10的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为1μg/mL和0.5μg/mL。口灌上述3种剂量恶喹酸、诺氟沙星后,异育银鲫血浆中恶喹酸的最大药物质量浓度分别为4.1μg/mL、6.0μg/mL和8.89μg/mL;诺氟沙星的最大药物质量浓度分别为11.5μg/mL、15.1μg/mL和18.9μg/mL;恶喹酸的最大药物质量浓度/最小抑菌质量浓度分别为4.1、6.0和8.89;诺氟沙星的最大药物质量浓度/最小抑菌质量浓度分别为23、30.2和37.8;恶喹酸0~24h内药—时曲线下面积/最小抑菌质量浓度分别为21.6214、33.1449、39.1846;诺氟沙星0~24h内药—时曲线下面积/最小抑菌质量浓度分别为274.75、451.55、578.35。综合0~24h内药—时曲线下面积/最小抑菌质量浓度、最大药物质量浓度/最小抑菌质量浓度这两个指标可知,诺氟沙星对异育银鲫体内的嗜水气单胞菌AH10抑制效果强于恶喹酸。 相似文献
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12 种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌杀伤能力的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了嗜水气单胞菌(AB98037)菌株对12种中草药的敏感性。结果表明:五倍子、大黄、乌梅、黄连的抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)<50μg/ml;地榆、黄柏、野菊有一定的抑菌作用,MIC为50~100μg/ml;而白头翁、山豆根、贯众的抑菌作用不明显,MIC均<500μg/ml。 相似文献
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用纸片扩散法测定受试物的抑菌作用和二倍稀释法测定受试物最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)的方法,研究地肤子、小茴香、茯苓、蛇床子、牡丹皮、黄芪、陈皮、藿香、猪苓、高良姜、黄柏、苦参、昆布、肉桂、姜黄和丁香16种中草药提取物对2株草鱼致病性嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila和类志贺邻单胞菌Plesiomonas shigelloides的体外抑菌作用。结果显示,茯苓对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈直径达20mm以上,MIC为15.63 mg/mL,小茴香、昆布和姜黄次之,MIC均为31.25mg/mL;丁香对类志贺邻单胞菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈直径为(18.93±0.37)mm,其MIC为31.25 mg/mL,黄芪次之,其MIC为62.5 mg/mL。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献