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摘要：为研究不同类型砧木嫁接对小型西瓜嫁接成活率、生长、产量和品质的影响，指导西瓜生产，以“超越梦想”为接穗，3种南瓜砧木和3种葫芦砧木为试验对象，以自根苗为对照开展嫁接试验。结果表明：嫁接成活率最高的是京欣砧冠（98%），其次为甬砧5号（96%），2者均为葫芦砧木；品质方面，京欣砧冠中心可溶性固形物含量最高，为12.5%，京欣砧4和自根苗均为12.4%，且葫芦砧木优于南瓜砧木；长势和抗病性方面，南瓜砧木比葫芦砧木好；产量方面，京欣砧4小区产量最高，京欣砧冠次之，甬砧5号第3，均显著高于自根苗。综合得出，京欣砧冠、甬砧5号和京欣砧4综合表现较好，可作为优选砧木。 相似文献
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4 份野生瓜类材料抗病性及形态特征和SSR 亲缘关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对4份野生瓜类材料进行抗病性鉴定、形态学性状调查、细胞学鉴定及SSR亲缘关系分析。结果表明,4份野生材料分别为野生红瓜[Coccinia grandis（L.）Voigt],野生小马泡（Cucumis bisexualis A. M. Lu et G. C. Wang ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang）,野生栝楼（Trichosanthes L.）和野生红籽瓜（Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermusLin et Chao）,染色体数依次为2n = 24,2n = 24,2n = 22,2n = 22。4份野生材料野生性状明显,部分食用价值低劣,难以直接利用,但其表现出植株生长茂盛,其中野生红瓜、野生栝楼和野生红籽瓜材料高抗枯萎病和白粉病,野生小马泡材料感枯萎病和白粉病。从130对SSR引物组合中筛选出15对引物分析供试材料,共得到271条清晰可辨条带,其中多态性条带124条,多态性条带百分率为45.8%。4份野生材料与4种瓜类（甜瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、南瓜）栽培品系间的相似系数为0.62 ~ 0.96。WINBOOT程序聚类分析表明,野生红瓜、野生小马泡、野生栝楼和野生红籽瓜分别与黄瓜、甜瓜、南瓜和西瓜亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
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Genetic relationship and variation of 29 accessions of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) and 1 accession of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (wild relatives of teasle gourd) were examined by RAPD analysis using 44 dodecamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 496 fragments were produced by 44 primers of which 95% bands were polymorphic. Using presence or absence of specific RAPD markers or combination of primers, 23 out of 30 accessions were identified. The genetic relatedness or genetic distance based on Nei and Li's genetic similarity varied from 0.86 to 0.65 with an average of 0.74 among 29 M. dioica accessions (when M. cochinchinensis excluded). In the phenetic dendrogram developed from cluster analysis using UPGMA method, M. cochinchinensis was out grouped as single accession, while others showing relatively weak grouping formed four groups. Clustering pattern did not demonstrate any relationship between geographical origin and genetic diversity. A DNA extraction method has been standardized. This is the first report of using RAPD techniques in teasle gourd. It was concluded that RAPD analysis is a useful tool for genotypic identification and estimation of genetic similarity in teasle gourd. 相似文献
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Soil and rootstock can particularly affect the ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ (Prunus domestica) fruit quality, mainly its firmness characteristics. To investigate the variation in fruit quality, plums were harvested at commercial maturity from trees grafted on Marianna GF8-1 (Prunus cerasifera × munsoniana) and Marianna GF10-2 (P. cerasifera × munsoniana) rootstocks on two different soils: Haplic Luvisol and Vertic Luvisol. After harvest fruits were stored at 2 °C for 3 weeks. At the harvest day a small group of fruits were analysed without cold storage. During storage fruits were tested for firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and fruit mineral content. Tree vigour was evaluated from trunk cross-sectional areas values.The GF8-1 rootstock promoted the highest vegetative development, comparing to GF10-2. This rootstock promoted the largest fruits size and the higher calcium fruit level. Positive correlations were found between higher concentrations of calcium in the pulp fruits and firmness. Fruits from two different rootstocks showed the same firmness at harvest but during cold storage, fruits from GF10-2 rootstock exhibited the highest firmness pulp values. There weren’t significant differences in fruit nitrogen and potassium levels for any studied factor.At harvest solids soluble content and solids soluble content/titratable acidity ratio weren’t affected by soil type or rootstock. As expected, solids soluble content during cold storage increased and solids soluble content/titratable acidity had a slight increase.GF10-2 revealed to be a good option as a ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ rootstock for plums growers due to its intermediate-vigour. Also GF10-2 fruits presented better quality during storage comparing with GF8-1. 相似文献
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不同嫁接方式对西瓜枯萎病防效以及产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在西瓜枯萎病发生严重的土壤上,以台湾农友小兰为接穗、本地长颈葫芦为砧木,探讨了不同嫁接方式对西瓜枯萎病防效以及产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,与西瓜自根苗比,采用断根嫁接法或是双断根嫁接法,西瓜苗根系发达,定植后发棵快,生长旺盛,光合速率增强;枯萎病发病率低,防效达82.6%~86.2%;西瓜667 m2产量2 673~2 925 kg,增产44.5%~58.2%,差异达显著水平;可溶性糖含量达11.2%~11.8%,提高了9.8%~15.6%,其中双断根嫁接法效果更为突出。 相似文献
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不同嫁接组合对西瓜植株生长及果实品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用优质中大果型西瓜品种中科1号为接穗,常规一段嫁接用抗生王、超丰F1、西嫁强生、京欣砧3号、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号为砧木,二段嫁接采用西嫁强生作基砧、超丰F1作中间砧,研究了常规一段嫁接法与二段嫁接法对西瓜生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,采用二段嫁接的西瓜植株生长势、抗枯萎病能力、单果质量、小区产量、中心可溶性固形物含量、瓜瓤果胶含量在所有嫁接组合中表现最佳,果实脆度与对照差异不显著。南瓜类砧木西嫁强生、京欣砧3号在生产上可大量推广,同时二段嫁接法具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
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A genetic analysis of 38 diverse Indian bitter gourd (Momordicacharantia var. charantia, and var. muricata) accessions was performed using 29 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. RAPD primers yielded 208 amplicons of which 76 (36.5%) were polymorphic providing an average of 2.6 amplicons per primer. RAPD amplicons per primer ranged from 3 (OPE-19, OPW-09) to 15 (OPW-05), and varied in size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. Fifteen ISSR primers provided a total of 125 bands of which 94 (74.7%) were polymorphic. Polymorphic ISSR markers ranged from 0 (UBC-841) to 12 (UBC-890) providing a mean of 6.3 amplicons per primer that ranged in size from 150 bp to 2700 bp. Nevertheless, the concordance among bitter gourd accession groupings after cluster analysis was relatively high (r = 0.77), indicating that RAPD- and ISSR-based diversity assessments in this germplasm array were generally consistent. The M.charantia var. charantia (domesticated) and var. muricata (wild, free-living) accessions examined were genetically distinct, and these differences provided for the development of strategies for genetic analyses and crop improvement in this species. 相似文献
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以10种瓜类蔬菜幼苗为材料,在其2片真叶展平时,分别以孢子浓度为2×103、2×104、2×105个.mL-1的辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子悬浮液进行了人工灌根接种和苗期抗病性鉴定。结果表明,不同瓜类蔬菜品种幼苗对辣椒疫霉菌的抗病性表现完全不同,其中早熟1号肉丝瓜和新秀丝瓜幼苗未感染辣椒疫霉菌;其余9种瓜类蔬菜幼苗随着接种辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子浓度的提高而抗病性降低,在接种辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子浓度为2×104个.mL-1时,蜜本南瓜和新广优节瓜幼苗抗病性较强,早优苦瓜和碧峰黄瓜中度抗病,特大新红宝西瓜、秀美青筋白瓜、银辉薄皮甜瓜、台优蒲瓜和晶莹1号西葫芦高度感病。 相似文献
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We report on the development of novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from publicly available Cucumis sativus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and on their transferability among related species. In total, 533 di- to penta-type SSRs were identified from 6344 cucumber ESTs retrieved from GenBank. Identified SSRs mainly comprised of di- and tri-nucleotide repeats, of which AG and AAG motifs were much abundant. A total of 392 SSR-containing unigenes (non-redundant ESTs/consensus sequences) were suitable for primer design. From these, 35 primer pairs were designed as representative samples and 28 were usable markers. Twenty-six out of 28 usable markers revealed polymorphism among 21 cucumber accessions with 2–7 alleles detected (mean = 3.77) and their polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.091 to 0.748 (mean = 0.388). The polymorphism observed herein partially arose from the null alleles which occurred at the multiple homoeoloci detected by the markers. Transferability of the 28 EST-SSR markers was investigated in four other cucurbits: melon, watermelon, pumpkin and gourd which showed frequency of 92.9%, 57.1%, 53.6% and 60.7%, respectively. The EST-SSR markers developed herein will complement the currently available genomic SSR markers and may be useful for genetic studies in cucumber and related species. 相似文献
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Li-Qing Xu Qing-Lin Zhang 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):668-672
SummarySome Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae) staminate germplasm (2n = 6x = 90) recently found in Hubei Province, China, was of potential value for breeding. This study evaluated the natural rate of occurrence and cytological mechanism responsible for the formation of 2n pollen in this staminate germplasm. The frequencies of giant pollen, dyads, and triads detected in all accessions were 0 – 2.3%, 0.8 – 2.2%, and 2.3 – 4.3%, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.98**; P < 0.01) between the frequency of giant pollen and those of dyads and triads was highly significant, which strongly suggests that the giant pollen was 2n pollen. Cytological analysis of pollen mother cell meiosis showed that the main cytological mechanisms responsible for the formation of 2n pollen were tripolar spindles and fused spindles, instead of parallel spindles and vertical spindles. In addition, an abnormal disintegration of sister chromatids, which also produced 2n pollen in the end, was occasionally found at metaphase II. Diploid (2n) pollen produced by tripolar spindles and fused spindles was equivalent to first division restitution (FDR) gametes. Therefore, this Diospyros spp. staminate germplasm may have value for sexual polyploidisation in breeding programmes of Japanese persimmon. 相似文献
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外源DNA导入西瓜对后代性状变异的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将瓠瓜的总DNA导入西瓜，D1代获得8株变异株（株系1－8），变异率为0．32％－1．77％，性状变异较小。但株系1的D2代性状变异特别大，有22．7％的果实皮包由深绿色变成白色或白皮绿网纹，接近供体皮包；果实形状有31．0％发生变异；种子的形状和色泽有33．3％发生变异；变异株咸株期功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱与受体不同，出现了供体植株的酶带；变异株部分染色体的臂长、臂比、带型与受体相比产生了明显变异。株系2－8的D2代性状变异较小。初步认为西瓜的性状变异是供体瓠瓜DNA导入的结果。 相似文献
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P. A. Nimal Punyasiri Brasathe Jeganathan Mahasen A.B. Ranatunga I. Sarath B. Abeysinghe M. T. Kumudini Gunasekare 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):502-512
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is well known for its biochemical constituents that define the product quality and confer pest and disease resistance. Seven major metabolites – epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid – of 87 beverage type and six non-beverage type tea accessions from Sri Lankan tea germplasm were profiled using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. All seven metabolites varied widely in the beverage type accessions. The non-beverage types only contained gallic acid and epicatechin. Results prove the presence of high EC and ECg contents in green leaves to be a reliable marker for identifying high-quality black tea-producing accessions. High EC and low EGCg contents in green tea leaves appear to enhance traits of resistance to blister blight disease. Significant variations detected in theobromine, caffeine, and total polyphenol content define the affinity of germplasm to the main three tea taxa, and we conclude that C. sinensis ssp. lasiocalyx predominates the Sri Lankan germplasm collection. 相似文献
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S. Kafkas N. Kaska A. N. Wassimi S. Padulosi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):864-868
SummaryIn Afghanistan, pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is found mainly in the wild in natural forests. In this study, 17 wild Afghan pistachio accessions and three cultivated genotypes were characterised using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Material was sampled mainly from the Kunduz and Takhar regions. A total of 288 AFLP fragments were generated using eight AFLP primer combinations. The number of amplified fragments varied from 18 – 48 per primer combination, and 136 bands were polymorphic, with an average of 17 polymorphic bands per primer combination. The percentages of polymorphic bands ranged from 26.2 – 79.2 per primer pair. According to UPGMA clustering of the Nei and Li distance matrix, the 17 wild accessions were grouped according to their region of origin and were distinct from the three cultivars. The AFLP technique was found to be effective for characterising wild P. vera material, which was genetically the closest to cultivated pistachio. 相似文献
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J. Negueroles O. P. Jones 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):279-281
Shoot meristems (0-2-0-5 mm) of the plum scion cv Victoria (Prunus domestica) and the plum rootstock cv Pixy (P. insititia) were micrografted in vitro onto rooted shoots of the peach rootstock GF305 (P. pérsica) produced by in vitro propagation. These procedures, which resulted in 40—50% successful grafts, are preliminaries to providing a more controlled system for research into rootstock influence on scion growth and development. 相似文献
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G. Liu J. H. Xu M. Zhang P. F. Li X. F. Yao Q. Hou 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(3):220-226
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &; Nakai var. lanatus] is a cross-pollinating diploid species and is one of the most important dicotyledonous plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae due to its high nutritional value, rapid growth, sweet and juicy taste, and refreshing nature as a summer fruit. However, the insertion–deletion (InDel) markers available for watermelon cannot satisfy the demand to identify and map resistance genes in this major crop. In this study, we have characterised and developed numerous polymorphic InDel markers using Illumina re-sequencing of a male parental line that is resistant to Fusarium wilt. In total, 25,701 potential InDel markers were identified, with a mean size of 18 bp. From these, 7,387 potential InDel markers >?10 bp were selected and tested as candidate InDel markers to locate resistance genes for map-based cloning and polymorphism analysis. We designed and synthesised 69 primer pairs using Primer 3 software. Overall, 54 primer pairs detected polymorphism between the Fusarium-susceptible female parent ‘JSw01-1’ and the Fusarium-resistant male parent ‘JRw08-3’. Among the 69 InDel markers, 54 (78.3%) exhibited polymorphism at 179 PCR loci. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.04 to 0.91, and the number of alleles per primer ranged from 1 to 11. The 54 InDel markers that were mined and exploited via Illumina re-sequencing of watermelon could accelerate the development of marker-assisted breeding and the progression of genetic research to understand resistance to Fusarium wilt in watermelon. 相似文献
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Chockpisit Channuntapipat Terry Bertozzi Margaret Sedgley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):228-232
SummaryShoot tips of two almond scion cultivars, ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ and ‘Nonpareil 15-1’, and one almond/peach hybrid rootstock were successfully cryopreserved using a one-step vitrification technique. Three week old in vitro cultures were cold-hardened at 4°C on the multiplication medium (Murashige and Skoog for ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ and the hybrid rootstock; Almehdi and Parfitt for ‘Nonpareil 15-1’) for three weeks. Shoot tips, 2–2.5 mm long, were excised and precultured for 1 d at 4°C on the same basal medium, without plant growth regulators, supplemented with 0.7 M sucrose. After the preculture, the shoot tips were incubated in vitrification solution at 25°C for 45 min for the almond scion cultivars and 60 min for the hybrid rootstock, and then stored under liquid nitrogen (LN) for at least 3 d. After rapid thawing at 30°C, the shoot tips were washed with the appropriate liquid basal medium containing 1.0 M sucrose and then cultured on the same basal medium, solidified with agar, but excluding NH4NO3 or (NH4)2SO4. Shoot regeneration was usually observed within 2–3 weeks. Survival after LN, recorded as the percentage of shoot tips that produced at least one new shoot four weeks after thawing, was 87.5, 60.0 and 72.5% for ‘Ne Plus Ultra’, ‘Nonpareil 15–1’ and the hybrid rootstock respectively. The one-step vitrification method is a promising simple technique for cryopreserving almond scion and rootstock shoot tips from in vitro cultures. 相似文献
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Kyung-Ho Ma Jae-Gyun Kwag Weiguo Zhao Anupam Dixit Gi-An Lee Haeng-Hoon Kim Ill-Min Chung Nam-Soo Kim Jae-Sun Lee Jae-Jun Ji Tae-San Kim Yong-Jin Park 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):355-361
Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic. 相似文献
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M. R. Arab 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(3):236-242
Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature cotyledons of GF677 rootstock (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) was achieved in vitro. Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl-urea; TDZ) at 32 µM gave the highest percentage of cotyledons forming adventitious shoots (68.8%) and the highest number of shoots per cotyledon (4.8) on Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium. On QL medium containing 32 µM TDZ, exposure of the proximal segments of cotyledons to darkness at the start of culture increased the percentage of cotyledons forming adventitious shoots (62.5%) when compared with those kept under light conditions (15%). A combination of 0.72 µM gibberellic acid and dark treatment resulted in at least 2.7-fold more elongated shoots than non-treated shoots. The highest rooting percentage (100%) occurred on 0.5× Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with Gamborg (B5) vitamins and 2 mg l?1 indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were acclimatised under greenhouse conditions with a 70% survival rate. 相似文献
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A. Dixit J.W. Chung W.G. Zhao G.A. Lee D.H. Lee K.H. Ma 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):521-527
SummaryThirty microsatellite loci for further genetic analysis of Citrus species were developed by constructing a microsatellite-enriched library using capture with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and used to assess genetic diversity in 40 Citrus accessions. In total, 150 alleles were detected, with an average of five alleles per locus. The average gene diversity and polymorphism information content values were 0.58 and 0.52, and ranged from 0.35 – 0.74 and from 0.32 – 0.70, respectively. Values for the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.13 – 1.00 and from 0.36 – 0.75, respectively. Fifteen loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The mean similarity coefficient among accessions was 0.5906. Based on the UPGMA algorithm, two main groups were successfully identified. These new microsatellite markers can be used to further investigate the genetics of, and phylogenic relationships in Citrus spp. 相似文献