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1.
基于耳石微结构的西北太平洋柔鱼群体结构、年龄与生长的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据2007年7—10月在西北太平洋柔鱼传统作业渔场采集的样本,利用耳石微结构对其渔获群体结构、年龄与生长进行了研究。分析认为,雌性个体胴长为200～395 mm,日龄为123～258 d;雄性个体胴长为200～353 mm,日龄为127～274 d。7、8月渔获样本的优势日龄为151～180 d,9月为181～210 d,10月为211～240 d。孵化日期为2006年12月下旬至2007年6月上旬,其中1—4月为高峰期。雌性个体的胴长绝对生长率平均为(1.175±0.127) mm/d,雄性为(0.952±0.213) mm/d。其胴长、体质量与日龄的关系可分别用线性和指数方程来拟合,雌、雄个体胴长和体质量生长存在显著差异。研究认为,传统作业渔场中大多数渔获属冬春生群,7—10月各月优势日龄组呈现出随月变化一致的趋势,进一步印证了柔鱼轮纹为日周期的结论。推测认为,柔鱼孵化后,从产卵场洄游至索饵场需要4～6个月的时间。 相似文献
2.
北太平洋海区柔鱼生物学特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文根据1997年6～11月北太平洋柔鱼生物学特征分析:中部海区渔获胴体组成明显大于西部海区且主要由雌性柔鱼组成;不同月份钓获的雌、雄性柔鱼群体组成有较大的差异;两海区随着生产月份的延续,所渔获的柔鱼胴体范围有扩大的趋势;平均纯体重,雌性柔鱼占平均体重的82.51～84.79％,而雄性柔鱼占平均体重的83.88～85.60％;柔鱼的性腺发育程度随着生产月份的推迟,发育程度也越高,而在相同的月份雄性柔鱼发育程度较雌性柔鱼为高;柔鱼的摄食等级不论是雌鱼还是雄鱼,基本以1、2级为主,较高摄食等级的比例似有逐月下降的趋势;柔鱼的胃含物以鱼的鳞片等鱼的残余物出现率较高,头足类次之,尤其是摄食等级高的胃含物中头足类的比例较高。 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT: The size selectivity of a trammel net for herded oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, was estimated by comparison between the mantle length frequency distributions of oval squid caught by a trammel net and by a set net. The measured mesh sizes of the inner net of the trammel net and of the final section of the set net were 85.3 and 11.3 mm, respectively. In the trammel net fishery where oval squid are herded into the net, most of the oval squid are caught in the bag-shaped inner net. Hence, the logistic function was employed for the size selectivity curve of the trammel net. The 'share each length's catch total' (SELECT) model was implemented for the estimation of the selectivity curve. The size selectivity r ( l ) of the trammel net for the oval squid was expressed as a logistic function of the mantle length l : r ( l ) = exp(−18.57 + 0.88 l )/[1 + exp(−18.57 + 0.88 l )]. From these logistic parameter estimates, the 50% selection mantle length and selection range ( L 75 – L 25 ) were calculated as 21.07 and 2.49 cm, respectively. The selection probability of oval squid whose mantle girth was equivalent to the mesh perimeter of the inner net was 0.09. Accordingly, oval squid of a girth smaller than the mesh perimeter were likely to pass through the mesh to escape from the net. 相似文献
4.
Abstract. First culture results are presented from four major experiments (lasting up to 478 days) on the commercially important squid species, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, Details are provided on eggs, hatching, feeding, growth, survival, behaviour and sexual maturation. Best survival during the critical first 75 days was 15%. The hatchlings (up to 4.9mm mantle length, ML) are the largest among the genus Loligo , and the largest squid grown was a male 155mm ML and 124g. First schooling was observed only 40–50 days post-hatching. Spawning was not achieved although males reached maturity, females had maturing ova and mating was observed. The largest giant axon measured was 425μm in diameter (from a female 130mm ML), a size suitable for most biomedical applications. Laboratory data suggest a 2-year life cycle compared to fishery data which suggest a 1-year cycle. 相似文献
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6.
Abstract. Loligo forbesi Steenstrup is a commercially and biomedically important species raneing from Scotland to North Africa and from the Azores Islands in the central Atlantic east through the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Eggs were collected from Plymouth. England and from the Azores and the hatchlings were reared to adult size in recirculating seawater systems. Growth data were obtained primarily from mortalities during the course of three culture experiments which lasted 360, 240 and 480 days. Loligo forbesi hatched at a size of 5–9mg (3.0–4.6mm mantle length, ML) and grew to a maximum size of 124g (155 mm ML) in 413 days. In all experiments, growth was exponential in form for at least the first 3 months at rales of 5.8, 5.1 and 3.6% body weight per day (BW/d) at mean temperatures of 14.1, 14.0 and 13.1°C respectively. In one short-term experiment, month-old squids grew at 8.0% BW/d at 17.4°C. Growth beyond 3 months was slower and either logarithmic (as described by the power function) or exponential in form. Growth rates gradually declined to 1–2% BW/d, Analyses of mantle length growth confirmed the wet weight results. There was no evidence of sexual dimorphism in the laboratory populations, which were of small size, and the length-weight (L-W) relationships were found to be similar to those of field populations. Growth rates during the exponential growth phase appeared very sensitive to temperature, with a 1°C difference changing growth rate by 2% BW/d and producing a three-fold difference in weight at 90 days post-hatching. These dramatic effects of temperature on adult size and lifespan in nature are discussed. It is hypothesized that the small size of mature laboratory-reared squids was due to low culture temperatures during the first 3 months. 相似文献
7.
北部湾剑尖枪乌贼生物学特征及资源状况变化的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2007年北部湾4个季度的调查资料,进一步对北部湾渔场剑尖枪乌贼（Loligo edulis）的生物学特征及资源状况进行分析。结果表明,调查期间剑尖枪乌贼的最大平均胴长、体质量和优势胴长组、体质量组出现在秋季。雌性个体数量明显高于雄性,性成熟度以Ⅱ期为主。雌、雄性开始分化的最小胴长为56 mm,性成熟最小胴长为67 mm。全年摄食强度不高,以1级为主。幼体终年存在。与1997～1999年和2000～2002年的调查相比较,渔获率的季节间变化显著。该调查中剑尖枪乌贼的出现率和平均渔获率较1997～1999年有所上升,较2000～2002年均有下降,显示该海域剑尖枪乌贼的资源量波动较大,因此,对剑尖枪乌贼资源应加以合理利用和保护。 相似文献
8.
2017年9月在南海北部(18°42.9′N,113°05.5′E)附近的深海海域,利用Simrad EY60型便携式分裂波束科学探鱼仪(120 kHz)和自制的鸢乌贼绳系控制装置对25尾鸢乌贼逐尾进行了单体目标强度(TS/dB)的测量,探讨了鸢乌贼单体目标探测中脉冲长度决定水平(PLDL/dB)、最小标准脉宽(min NPL)、最大标准脉宽(max NPL)和短轴角度最大标准偏差(MIA)等参数的变化对鸢乌贼单体目标强度测量的影响,分析了鸢乌贼单体TS的变化规律,并归纳了鸢乌贼TS与胴长的关系。结果显示,①随着PLDL增大,所探测鸢乌贼单体目标的数量呈先增加后减少的特征,并在PLDL=6 dB时达到峰值,而平均TS则呈单调增加趋势;随着min NPL增大,鸢乌贼单体目标的数量减少,在min NPL0.7范围内,平均TS呈明显的上升趋势;当max NPL1.2时,鸢乌贼单体目标的数量随max NPL的增大而增加,但平均TS却随之减小,当1.2max NPL1.8时,鸢乌贼单体目标的数量呈缓慢增加趋势,但平均TS则基本保持稳定;鸢乌贼单体目标数量随MIA的增大而增加,但平均TS则随之减小。②本研究中鸢乌贼单体目标探测参数的优化组合为PLDL=6.00dB,min NPL=0.7 dB,max NPL=1.8 dB,MIA=0.8°。③活体鸢乌贼单体平均TS的最大值和最小值分别为-48.6 dB和-63.63 dB,其对应鸢乌贼的胴长(ML/cm)分别为25.2 cm和12.4 cm,鸢乌贼TS与其ML的关系为TS=34.22 lg ML–98.23 (N=16,R2=0.603)。本实验首次尝试利用绳系控制法海上现场测量活体鸢乌贼的目标强度,为今后继续深入研究鸢乌贼声学散射特性积累了资料,亦能为其他头足类或鱼类目标强度的海上现场测量提供参考。 相似文献
9.
根据2012年1-4月西南大西洋公海鱿钓渔船随机采集的666尾阿根廷滑柔鱼样本,对其鱿钓渔获的群体组成、形态特征、雌雄性比、缠卵腺及性腺发育等渔业生物学进行分析。结果显示：调查期间鱿钓渔业阿根廷滑柔鱼渔获群体胴长为91～351 mm,呈双峰分布,雌、雄性平均胴长分别为243.6 mm 和214.5 mm,雌性个体显著大于雄性;雌雄性比为1.26：1,以雌性个体为主;雌性群体性成熟以Ⅱ期为主（57.9%）,Ⅲ期以上个体为42.1%;雌性性成熟度、缠卵腺发育程度与个体大小密切相关,进一步研究认为缠卵腺长与其重量存在幂函数关系,且雌性性成熟个体缠卵腺指数明显大于未成熟个体;雄性个体性腺随着个体生长逐步发育。根据个体大小和性成熟状况推测,调查期间捕获的阿根廷滑柔鱼群体以南巴塔哥尼亚种群（ SPS）为主,混有少量的夏季产卵（ SSS）群体。 相似文献
10.
选取-20℃、-30℃和-50℃3个冻藏温度,以TVB-N值、肌原纤维蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性、巯基含量、TBARS值及肌肉组织微观结构为指标,结合感官评分,对比分析90 d内日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)的品质变化规律。结果显示,在不同冻藏温度下,随着时间的延长,Ca2+-ATPase活性和感官评分不断下降;肌原纤维蛋白和巯基含量,则先略微上升而后快速下降;TVB-N值和TBARS值呈不断上升的趋势,且温度越高上升速率越快;肌肉组织微观结构分析表明,枪乌贼肌纤维结构在冻藏过程中逐渐变得松散。相比-20℃,-30℃和-50℃冻藏温度条件下更能长久地保持枪乌贼品质,且品质无显著差异。综合分析认为,冻藏温度低于-30℃时,可较好地保持枪乌贼品质。 相似文献
11.
J. Person-Le Ruyet 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1976,8(2):157-167
A technique for the intensive rearing of Artemia salina larvae (Branchiopoda) of 1 – 4 mm using the blue-green algae, Spirulina maxima (Cyanophycea) in dry powder form is described. Experimentation was carried out in a small volume (20 l) and techniques were simplified whenever possible to enable minimal handling (i.e. water is not renewed). The system is therefore easily applicable to medium and large volumes. The production requirements of Artemia salina for larval aquaculture at Centre Océanologique de Bretagne have been fulfilled by this technique since 1974 in 450-l volumes. Growth and survival rates have been satisfactory to date.Up to a certain threshold and within a given age group, the amount of food introduced influences mean population size. Under optimal conditions it is possible to rear larvae of 1 mm in 2 days, 2 mm in 4 days and 3.75 mm in 6 days. The minimal food supplies required to obtain these figures are respectively 600 mg, 1 800 mg and 4 300 mg of Spirulina powder for 10 000 larvae at the ages of 2, 4 and 6 days. These rapid growth rates are achieved by overfeeding the larvae, which results in a reduction in the size of the installations and in time demanded for culture maintenance. The use of an optimal feeding regime gives a growth rate very close to the maximum and diminishes production costs only slightly.Consequently, an optimal larval concentration per unit volume is the most economically feasible choice for a production unit. The maximum larval concentration which gave good growth and survival rates was established for an average food quantity (3 200 mg/10 000 larvae). Larval densities may reach 13 to 14 2-day-old larvae (1 mm), five 4-day-old larvae (2 mm) and two 6-day-old larvae (3.75 mm) per ml of water. To regulate the concentration of Artemia, fixed volumes of the culture are removed regularly, thus considerably increasing the production of a given tank. The weekly production of a 450-l tank is approximately 75 g of dry matter. 相似文献
12.
根据2007年2～5月和2010年1～3月我国鱿钓船在西南大西洋公海采集的阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illexargentinus)样本,提取574对耳石并进行称重,利用方差分析(ANOVA)法和最小显著差多重比较法(LSD)对南巴塔哥尼亚群体(South Patagonic Stock,SPS)和布宜诺斯艾利斯—巴塔哥尼亚群体(Bonaerensis-Northpatagonic Stock,BNS)分别进行分析,研究不同性别、不同性腺成熟度、不同胴长组和耳石外部形态对耳石重量变化的影响。结果表明,BNS群体不同性别耳石重量不存在差异(P>0.05),SPS群体耳石重量性别间差异极显著(P<0.01);BNS群体耳石重量在不同性腺成熟度间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),SPS群体雌性在不同性腺成熟度间存在着极显著差异(P<0.01),雄性则无差异(P>0.05);两个群体在不同的胴长组间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),240～260 mm和220～240 mm分别为BNS群体雌、雄性胴长范围所对应的耳石增重变化的拐点,220～240 mm和200～200 mm分别为SPS群体雌、雄性胴长范围所对应的耳石增重变化的拐点;两个群体的耳石总长(TSL)、背侧区长(DLL)和侧区长(LDL)与耳石重量的相关性较大,并且它们之间的关系符合对数生长曲线,两个群体在不同的耳石长度组之间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),耳石总长1 000μm左右是阿根廷滑柔鱼耳石总长所对应耳石重量的变化拐点。 相似文献
13.
个体生长对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼角质颚形态变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为研究个体生长对茎柔鱼角质颚形态变化的影响,本研究根据2009–2014年中国鱿钓船在秘鲁外海(79°22′~84°30′W、10°00′~18°16′S)采集的茎柔鱼样本,提取出1208尾茎柔鱼的角质颚,对角质颚的12项外部形态进行测量,并利用角质颚微结构的生长纹来估算茎柔鱼的日龄,采用方差分析法(ANOVA)分析了不同胴长组、不同日龄组以及不同性成熟阶段角质颚主要外部形态特征的差异。结果表明,角质颚各形态参数在雌、雄个体间的差异性极显著(P0.01),且雌性个体的角质颚大于雄性个体。最小显著差多重比较法(LSD)结果显示,在不同胴长组、不同日龄组和不同性成熟阶段,雌、雄个体角质颚的生长存在差异,相同性别个体角质颚不同部位的生长也不同;在胴长大于400 mm、雌性个体大于300日龄、雄性个体大于250日龄以及性腺成熟度在Ⅲ期以后时,角质颚的生长较为缓慢。研究表明,个体大小、日龄和性成熟对茎柔鱼角质颚的形态变化有一定的影响。 相似文献
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峰值法和数据包络分析法在中国远洋鱿钓渔业方面的应用与比较分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
概述了PTP和DEA法的基本理论，并将其应用于我国的远洋鱿钓渔业，结果表明，1999年我国北太平洋鱿钓渔业的“捕捞能力”尚未得到充分的发挥，仍有潜力可挖；影响西南大西洋鱿钓渔业“捕捞能力”的主要因素是制冷能力，钓机数，集鱼灯和水下灯，而船长，船舶总吨位，功率和舱容仅为次要因素。通过应用，本文分析比较了这两种方法的特点；PTP法长于在时间序列方面的一个纵向的分析，能够在一定程度上反映渔业技术和资源随时间的变化而发生的变化，而DEA法则擅于在捕捞单位间进行横向的“能力”比较，并能对影响“捕捞能力”的因素进行有效的灵敏度分析。 相似文献
15.
2011年西南大西洋拖网渔获物阿根廷滑柔鱼生物学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2011年1月～4月双拖网船在西南大两洋作业时采集的901尾阿根廷滑柔鱼（lllex argentinus）样本,对其渔获群体组成、摄食等级、胴长-体质量关系以及性腺发育等进行了分析。结果表明,样本个体大小随采样时间的推移有明显增大趋势;小胴长组阿根廷滑柔鱼的摄食能力较大胴长组弱,摄食等级的高低与其繁殖高峰期有关。阿根廷滑柔鱼雌、雄初次性成熟胴长分别为191．6mm和182．6mm,性腺成熟度为Ⅴ期个体的平均胴长小于处于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期个体的平均胴长。综合分析推测,该研究采集的901尾样本为南部巴塔哥尼亚群体和夏季产卵群体的混合样本,在拖网作业后期,渔场补充了部分大个体的夏季群体。 相似文献
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Extractive components were determined for the mantle muscle and liver of three species of Loliginidae squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Loligo bleekeri, and L. edulis, and one species of Ommastrephidae, Todarodes pacificus, as a control. Total free amino acid levels and the major free amino acids in muscle, taurine, proline, glycine, alanine,
and arginine, were significantly higher in Loliginidae squids than in T. pacificus. The main nucleotide was adenosine 5′-monophosphate, which did not differ significantly between species. Malate was the organic
acid found in muscle in highest concentrations. The muscle of these species contained a large amount of trimethylamine oxide.
A large amount of glycine betaine was also detected in the muscle, but showed no large species difference. From these results,
the muscle of Loliginidae species is considered to have a much sweeter taste than that of T. pacificus. Compared with muscle, squid liver was characteristic with high contents of taurine, glutamate, bitter amino acids, succinate,
propionate, trimethylamine, and glycine betaine, and with low contents of sweet amino acids, arginine, nucleotides, malate,
and trimethylamine oxide. These results suggest that squid liver is characterized by a complicated taste containing umami,
bitterness, sourness, fishy flavor, and less sweetness. 相似文献
18.
基于灯光罩网法的南海鸢乌贼声学评估技术研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
南海中南部深水海域蕴藏着丰富的鸢乌贼资源,为推动南海外海渔业资源开发,实验探索了灯光罩网与声学手段相结合的鸢乌贼资源量评估方法。根据2011年4—5月在南沙群岛海域灯光罩网和Simrad EY60科学鱼探仪同步采集鸢乌贼生物学和声学数据,对鸢乌贼的趋光性行为、种群结构、声学映像和分布水层等特征进行分析。结果表明,灯光诱集结合罩网采样可确定南海鸢乌贼的单体回波,分布于0～100 m水层;通过背景噪声消除、鱼类和浮游动物目标限定、单体目标检测等处理,确定鸢乌贼现场目标强度-67～-52 dB;选择鸢乌贼渔获比例较大的网次,统计得到鸢乌贼胴长10.4～14.2 cm,对应目标强度-60.7～-58.0 dB,胴长与目标强度经验公式为TS=21.23LogML-82.48。研究认为,声学与灯光罩网相结合的调查方法可以作为南海今后开展鸢乌贼资源量评估的基本方法。 相似文献
19.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,243(1-4):331-344
The effect of dietary 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) on growth and survival was determined in striped trumpeter during metamorphosis and the Artemia-feeding period (16–36 days posthatch, dph). Artemia were enriched on one of five experimental emulsions that contained graduated concentrations of DHA and constant 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA). We also compared larval performance using a commercial enrichment product high in n-3 PUFA. Final DHA concentrations in Artemia enriched on the experimental emulsions ranged from 0.1–20.8 mg/g DM, while Artemia fed the commercial product had 18.2 mg DHA/g DM. Each of the six diets was fed to larvae in four replicate 300-l tanks. Standard length (range 10.0–11.2 mm) and dry weight (range 1.6–2.5 mg) of larvae at the end of the experiment were directly related to dietary DHA, with the highest growth recorded in the experimental diet with the greatest concentration of DHA (20.8 mg/g DM). Survival at 36 dph was not influenced by dietary DHA and ranged from 20–44%. Mortality increased noticeably, regardless of dietary treatment, when larvae attained a standard length of approximately 9.5 mm. Mortality was related to a nocturnal behaviour where larvae would migrate to the tank bottom during the dark phase. Fatty acid profiles of the larvae were generally correlated to dietary fatty acids. Dietary DHA was found to be important in larval striped trumpeter growth, where enhanced growth probably shortened the critical period of metamorphosis and the window where nocturnal downward migration and mortality occurred. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT: In this study, the site of spawning ground and the relationship between oceanographic conditions and gonadal development and emaciation of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus were examined based on data from research cruises. The research cruises were conducted in the south-western part of the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea in the winter of 1999. Sea surface temperature (SST) ranged 12.7–23.2°C in the survey area. Mature females concentrated on the continental shelf of the East China Sea, suggesting a major spawning ground was formed in this area. Gonadal development of the collected squid was examined using ovary somatic index (OSI) and oviduct somatic index (ODSI) in females, and emaciation was examined using mantle muscle somatic index (MI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Mean OSI and ODSI increased with SST at the stations where SST was greater than 15°C, particularly where SST ranged between 15 and 18°C. In contrast, mean MI and HSI decreased with increase in SST at the stations where SST was above 15°C. These results indicate that female gonads develop rapidly at SST above 15°C, and at the same time adult squids tend to be emaciated at this temperature condition. 相似文献