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[目的]为了了解山东省滨州地区及周边规模化牛场支原体流行的基本情况,[方法]对该区域14个规模化奶牛场和肉牛场进行了血清采集,采用牛支原体IgG抗体ELISA检测方法进行牛支原体血清抗体检测,并使用SPSS 20进行卡方统计学检验。[结果]山东省规模化牛场的牛支原体IgG抗体总阳性率为77.86%,奶牛场的阳性率为74.29%,肉牛场的阳性率为81.43%,奶牛场牛支原体IgG阳性率与肉牛场的统计学差异不显著（P>0.05）;奶牛场不同场区,肉牛场不同场区之间,牛支原体的IgG阳性率差异显著（P<0.05）。[结论]山东省滨州地区及周边规模化牛场存在不同程度的牛支原体感染,牛支原体感染可能成为危害国内规模化奶牛场奶牛健康的主要疫病之一。 相似文献
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为探讨河南省牛病毒性腹泻病毒的流行情况,用牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗体检测试剂盒(IDEXX)对本省部分地区6个奶牛场、5个肉牛养殖场的181份牛奶样品和395份血清样品进行BVD抗体的检测.结果检出阳性牛奶106份,阳性率最高为93.3％,最低的为5.0％,平均阳性率为58.6％.其中有5个规模化奶牛场牛奶样品阳性率均在75％以上.肉牛血清样品共检出阳性124份,最高阳性率为74.12％,最低5.80％,平均阳性率31.39％.结果表明,该病在所调查地区中奶牛和肉牛均有感染,不同牛场间感染率差异较大,其中规模化奶牛的感染率较高.表明应采取相应的净化措施对该病进行控制. 相似文献
3.
为了解宁夏主要奶牛养殖区规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)、牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)、新孢子虫抗体和布鲁菌病原的流行状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对未接种过IBR、BVD、新孢子虫疫苗、接种过布鲁菌疫苗的奶牛群体进行血清抗体检测,并对银川、吴忠和青铜峡地区的阳性状况进行分析。结果发现,76份流产牛血清中,IBR抗体阳性率为50.00%(38/76),BVD抗体阳性率为19.74%(15/76),新孢子虫抗体阳性率为27.63%(21/76),布鲁菌阳性率为19.74%(15/76),4种病原均感染的阳性率为34.21%(26/76),IBR和新孢子虫混合阳性率占总阳性率的34.62%;408份非流产牛血清中,BVD抗体阳性率为12.75%(52/408),IBR抗体阳性率为21.08%(86/408);IBR和BVD在宁夏的3个主要养殖区均有不同程度的流行,其中以银川地区阳性率最高。说明宁夏部分地区IBR和BVD在不同的地区存在着不同程度的感染,流产牛中普遍存在上述4种疫病的感染并且IBR和BVD阳性率明显高于非流产牛。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2017,(3)
由牛支原体引起的奶牛支原体肺炎和乳房炎所导致的经济损失非常巨大,而目前我国尚无较详细的奶牛牛支原体病流行病学资料。2008~2016年,本课题组采用牛支原体间接ELISA、直接培养法和特异性PCR检测法对国内12个地区30个规模化奶牛场进行了牛支原体感染情况调查及分析,共对843份血清和60份肺脏、关节液及鼻腔黏液、1 090份乳样中的牛支原体抗体和牛支原体及其核酸进行了检测。结果显示,血清抗体阳性率为52.31%(441/843);病料阳性率为55%(33/60);乳样阳性率为34.22%(373/1090);从样本中共分离保存了55株支原体菌种。检测结果表明,国内大部分奶牛场存在牛支原体感染,部分奶牛场发生牛支原体肺炎、乳房炎及关节炎临床病例,并存在垂直传播的风险。牛支原体感染可能成为危害国内规模化奶牛场奶牛健康的主要疫病之一。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(7)
为了解江苏徐州市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的分布及流行趋势,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)初步筛选,试管凝集试验(SAT)进行复核的方法对徐州市辖区内主要奶牛养殖场群及部分散养户持续4年进行布鲁氏菌病的监测。累计监测244个奶牛场群,共计血清样品47666份。结果显示,布鲁氏菌病个体平均阳性率为0.13%;群体平均阳性率为2.87%。随着奶牛养殖呈逐年集约化发展,布鲁氏菌病的分布也逐步向少数重点场群呈集中趋势。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2015,(12)
为了解潍坊及周边地区牛支原体在健康牛场和发生呼吸道病牛场的感染状况,分别采集了健康牛场的188份血清和发病牛场的肺、鼻腔深部分泌物39份,对血清采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测其中的牛支原体抗体,对发病牛的肺和鼻腔深部分泌物采用套式PCR检测其中的牛支原体核酸。结果显示,发病牛场的个体阳性率为46.15%(18/39);健康牛场的场群抗体阳性率为64.29%(9/14),健康牛场的个体抗体阳性率平均为5.85%(11/188),其中肉牛的个体抗体阳性率为5.68%(5/88),奶牛的个体抗体阳性率为6%(6/100)。说明牛支原体在受调查地区健康牛场普遍存在,但个体感染率不高,而在发生呼吸道病牛场中的感染率较高。 相似文献
8.
牛衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体引起的一种接触性人兽共患传染病。本调查采用间接血凝法(IHA)对安徽省部分地区的535份牛血清进行了衣原体抗体检测,结果显示,血清抗体阳性率为22.43%(120/535);4个奶牛场的群阳性率为75%,个体阳性率为23.21%(68/293);9个肉牛场的群阳性率为88.9%,个体阳性率为21.49%(52/242)。对不同用途、不同年龄段、不同购入来源以及不同送检地区的牛衣原体抗体阳性率进行统计分析。结果表明安徽省的牛群中存在不同程度的衣原体感染。IHA法检测衣原体抗体简便、快速,适合在基层推广。 相似文献
9.
为了初步掌握宁夏地区牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis,M.bovis)病的流行情况，试验采用ELISA方法对2020—2021年宁夏地区5个城市22个县/区收集的牛血清样本进行牛支原体血清抗体检测，分析不同年份、不同城市、不同县/区血清学调查结果。结果表明：宁夏地区5个城市固原市、石嘴山市、吴忠市、中卫市和银川市牛支原体抗体的检测均呈阳性。2020年和2021年平均牛支原体抗体阳性率分别为(29.39±15.07)%、(37.58±19.52)%,2021年与2020年相比，血清牛支原体抗体阳性率差异极显著(P<0.01);不同城市间比较，固原市、中卫市、石嘴山市、吴忠市和银川市两年平均牛支原体抗体阳性率分别为(22.00±8.78)%、(35.56±14.09)%、(31.11±10.47)%、(50.00±25.91)%、(29.44±9.19)%,其中吴忠市平均牛支原体抗体阳性率最高，固原市最低；不同县/区间比较，西吉县和同心县两年的牛支原体抗体阳性率未发生变化，2021年原州区和平罗县的牛支原体抗体阳性率与2020年相比下降，其他18个县区2021年的牛支原体抗... 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(10)
为了解河南省奶牛布病感染情况,本研究对2020年河南省未免疫牛群布病监测情况进行了调查和分析统计。对来自459场次的17 207份牛血清样品进行了布病抗体检测,检出布病感染抗体阳性场群8个,阳性样品19份,平均个体阳性率和场群阳性率分别为0.11%和1.74%。结果表明:存栏量小于500头养殖场户的布病个体阳性率和场群阳性率分别为0.08%和1.86%;存栏量介于500～3 000头奶牛场的个体阳性率和场群阳性率分别为0.16%和1.83%;存栏量大于3 000头的大规模奶牛场无布病阳性样品检出。8个阳性场群在河南省不同区域均有分布,其中豫中地区4个,豫东、豫西、豫南和豫北地区各1个。调查结果说明河南省奶牛布病感染情况具有一定的群间和空间分布特征,应依据不同地区和场群的流行特点制定相应的防控措施。 相似文献
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Dixon B Parrington L Cook A Pintar K Pollari F Kelton D Farber J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):20-26
The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence and the genotypes and species of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in beef and dairy cattle from farms in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, in an effort to determine the potential for zoonotic transmission from these animals. Pooled manure samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms and 30 beef cattle farms. The presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, while nested-PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine genotypes and species. The overall farm prevalence was very high for both Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and was similar for dairy cattle farms (96 and 64%, respectively) and beef cattle farms (97 and 63%, respectively). However, on dairy cattle farms, G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 44% and 6% of total pooled pen manure samples, respectively, with the occurrence of both parasites being generally higher in calves than in older animals. Most Giardia isolates were identified as either the host-adapted genotype G. duodenalis Assemblage E or the zoonotic Assemblage B. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni were the most frequently identified species in dairy cattle, while the non-zoonotic species Cryptosporidium ryanae and Cryptosporidium bovis were also found. On beef cattle farms, 72% and 27% of the total pooled pen manure samples were positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively, with no obvious correlation with age. All Giardia isolates in beef cattle were identified as G. duodenalis Assemblage E, while all Cryptosporidium isolates were identified by sequence analysis as C. andersoni, although microscopic analyses, and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, indicated that other Cryptosporidium species were also present. The results of this study indicate that although Giardia and Cryptosporidium were identified in a higher overall percentage of the pooled beef cattle manure samples than in dairy cattle, firmly established zoonotic genotypes and species were much more common in dairy cattle than in beef cattle in this region. Dairy cattle, and especially dairy calves, may, therefore, pose a greater risk of infection to humans than beef cattle. However, these results may also provide evidence of potential zooanthroponotic transmission (human to animal). 相似文献
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A monoclonal antibody blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-ELISA) was developed to detect antibodies to Mycoplasma bovis in cattle sera. The assay was highly specific and sensitive and there was no cross-reaction detected. This method revealed a high prevalence of antibodies (60%) to M. bovis in dairy cattle in North Queensland. The diagnostic potential of this B-ELISA for the detection of antibody to M. bovis was compared with its detection by PCR. There was a strong positive correlation between PCR and B-ELISA titers. Thus, the B-ELISA appears to be a valuable and reproducible tool in the serodiagnosis of M. bovis infection in cattle. 相似文献
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Diéguez FJ Arnaiz I Sanjuán ML Vilar MJ López M Yus E 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,82(3-4):321-326
Prior to establishing a control and prevention program for Johne's disease in cattle in Galicia (northwest Spain), a survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of the disease. For this survey, 61,069 animals of at least 1-year of age from 2735 randomly selected herds were bled and samples analyzed with a commercial ELISA. The estimated true individual-level prevalences – assuming the manufacturer's reported test sensitivity of 48.5% and specificity of 98.9% – were 3.02% in dairy cattle, 1.03% in beef cattle and 2.83% in animals from farms with both dairy and beef cattle. True herd prevalences (with herds declared positive if one or more animals tested positive) were 10.69% for dairy herds, 0% for beef herds and 2.71% for mixed herds. When herds were declared positive if at least two animals tested positive, true herd prevalences were 14.75% for dairy herds, 1.47% for beef herds and 12.01% for mixed herds. Assuming a higher specificity of 99.4%, true individual-level prevalences increased to 4.03% in dairy herds, 2.07% in beef herds and 3.84% in mixed herds. Herd prevalences were 27.77%/18.79%, 2.78%/2.40% and 5.70%/12.24% (using the one/two-animal cut-offs) in dairy, beef and mixed herds, respectively. In conclusion, these results seem to indicate that a small percentage of cows and a rather high percentage of dairy herds in this region are MAP-seropositive. 相似文献
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Moore DP Campero CM Odeón AC Posso MA Cano D Leunda MR Basso W Venturini MC Späth E 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,107(4):303-316
The purpose of the present work was to study the epidemiology of Neospora caninum in beef and dairy herds in the Humid Pampas of Argentina. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was evaluated in 2414 serum samples of cows from beef and dairy farms. An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to determine specific antibodies. The sera was screened at a dilution >or=1:200 and >or=1:600 in cows with reproductive disease antecedents and without them, respectively. Cows without history of reproductive diseases from nine beef and fifteen dairy farms were grouped according to the percentage (> or or 相似文献
16.
Recent studies have identified the novel, host adapted Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in dairy cattle from farms in the United States, China, India and Europe. This novel species and genotype appear to be more prevalent in older, post-weaned dairy cattle than previously thought. However, little information is available on their prevalence in beef cow-calf operations. In the present study, we determined the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in 98 calves (6-8 months old) and 114 cows (>2 years old) in seven beef cow-calf herds in western North Dakota. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and Cryptosporidium spp. were identified by amplification of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing or RFLP analysis. All seven herds tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Overall, 43/212 (20.3%) animals were positive. Only five of these positives were from cows. C. bovis, the deer-like genotype and C. andersoni were identified in 9.4, 6.6 and 1.4% of animals sampled, respectively. C. parvum was not identified in any of the positive samples. C. bovis, the deer-like genotype and C. andersoni were detected in 6/7, 5/7 and 2/7 herds, respectively. C. bovis and the deer-like genotype were primarily detected in calves, while C. andersoni was only detected in cows. Six isolates could not be typed. These results show a relatively high prevalence of C. bovis and the deer-like genotype in 6-8-month-old beef calves compared to cows older than 2 years in the seven herds studied. 相似文献
17.
The epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of M. bovis infections are briefly reviewed. In a survey begun in 1982, M. bovis was found frequently in the respiratory tract [corrected] of veal calves and beef cattle with respiratory problems. In replacement calves infected with respiratory disease in dairy herds, however, the organism has only been detected since 1986. Respiratory tract specimens collected from calves with respiratory disease were submitted for examination for M. bovis from 1986 to 1991 and originated from 83 herds. Mycoplasma bovis was detected in specimens from 59 of the herds, 20% of which were dairy herds and 80% fattening herds. Arthritis caused by M. bovis was observed in 12 herds until July 1991. Since 1976 when the first mastitis outbreak caused by M. bovis was diagnosed, M. bovis has caused 14 more outbreaks. The number of diseased cattle varied from 1 tot 16 per farm, and clinical signs of mastitis varied from mild to severe. In all instances the infection has been eradicated from the herds. Because M. bovis can cause great losses in intensively reared cattle herds, it is advisable to separate purchased veal calves and beef cattle from dairy cattle to prevent further spread of M. bovis. 相似文献
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Kenji Murakami Sota Kobayashi Misako KonishiKen-ichiro Kameyama Takehisa YamamotoToshiyuki Tsutsui 《Veterinary microbiology》2011
A seroepidemiological survey of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was conducted in Japan in 2007 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. A total of 5420 cattle (dairy, 3966; breeding beef, 797; fattening beef, 657) from 209 farms in seven prefectures in Japan were tested. The overall prevalence of BLV infection was 28.6%. The prevalence of BLV infection in dairy cattle (34.7%) was higher than for both fattening beef cattle (7.9%) and breeding beef cattle (16.3%). Age-specific prevalence showed that BLV prevalence increased with age in all types of cattle and was notably different between dairy and beef cattle under 1 year of age. Among 207 farms, 141 herds (68.1%) had one or more positive animals. The proportion of these positive farms was significantly higher among dairy farms (79.1%) than among beef breeding farms (39.5%) and beef fattening farms (51.9%) (P < 0.001). Dairy farms (40.5%) also showed a significantly higher within-herd prevalence than beef breeding (27.4%) and fattening (14.9%) farms (P = 0.001). This study indicated that BLV is more widely spread in dairy cattle than in beef breeding cattle in Japan. Given the prevalence of BLV infection in dairy and beef cattle was 8- and 1.7-fold higher, respectively, than rates previously found in 1980–1982, BLV appears to be spreading particularly among the dairy cattle population during the last two decades. Further investigation is required to determine the risk factors necessary to control BLV infection that take into account the different farming practices that exist between dairy and beef sectors. 相似文献
19.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Eimeria infections in post-weaned and adult cattle on three Maryland farms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Eimeria, in healthy, asymptomatic, post-weaned and mature cattle was investigated on three Maryland farms. One farm, a dairy research facility, had 150 multiparous Holstein milking cows; 24 were examined and Cryptosporidium andersoni was detected in three (12.5%) but neither Giardia nor Eimeria was detected. The second farm, a commercial dairy, had 57 multiparous Holstein milking cows and an equal number of heifers. Of 19 cows examined, C. parvum, Giardia duodenalis, and Eimeria bovis and/or E. ellipsoidalis were detected in two (10.5%), two (10.5%) and one (5.26%) cow, respectively. Of 23 heifers examined, C. parvum, Giardia, and E. bovis and E. ellipsoidalis, was detected in two (8.7%), four (17.4%), and five (21.7%), heifers, respectively. The third farm, a beef cattle breeding and genetics research facility, had 180 7- to 9-month old purebred black Angus. Of 118 examined for C. parvum and Giardia, 34 (28.8%) and 44 (37.3%) were positive, respectively, of 97 examined for E. bovis and/or E. ellipsoidalis 32 (33.0%) were positive. These findings, based on a method with a minimum detection level of 100 oocysts of C. parvum/g of feces, which underestimates the number of infected cattle, clearly demonstrate the presence of low level, asymptomatic infections in post-weaned and adult cattle in the United States and indicate the potential role of such cattle as reservoirs of infectious parasites. 相似文献
20.
[目的]牛支原体肺炎是严重危害国内外肉牛养殖业的一种重要疾病,病原混合感染将加剧病情,增加临床治疗难度。本研究通过阐明我国牛支原体肺炎混合感染情况,为探讨更加有效的防控手段提供参考依据。[方法]近4年来采用门诊和出诊的方式,收集了全国范围内35个临床初诊为牛支原体肺炎的牛场病牛样本,进行牛支原体及混合感染细菌的分离和分型鉴定。[结果]确定了这类疾病的细菌学感染特征,表现为牛支原体感染占绝对优势,混合感染模式主要以牛支原体合并多杀性巴氏杆菌A型感染、牛支原体合并和化脓隐秘杆菌感染为主。[结论]经实验室检测证实临床初诊病例绝大部分为牛支原体肺炎,但混合感染很普遍。 相似文献