共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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基于圆盘型孔机械式精密排种器的工作原理,对排种盘充种及下种的结构参数进行了分析,并研究了种子在排种盘上的运动。为探讨圆盘式烟草育苗精量排种器的性能和精度,以排种器的合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数、种子破碎率、行变异系数及粒距变异系数为评价指标,以排种盘转速、排种口距输送带垂直距离两个因素为变量进行了试验。结果表明:在排种盘转速为n=8 r/min、排种口距离输送带垂直距离为H=50mm的条件下,排种器的合格指数为48.61%、重播指数为31.94%、漏播指数为19.45%、行变异系数为1.68%、粒距变异系数为3.28%。 相似文献
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气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
针对气吸式排种器播种玉米时漏播率较高、地头漏播严重等问题,设计了一种采用机械托种盘辅助附种的气吸式玉米精量排种器,利用托种盘窝眼对种子的托附和夹持作用,实现对气吸式排种盘的辅助附种.分析并确定了排种器工作区域和托种盘主要结构等关键参数.试验结果表明:在前进速度6～12 km/h时,该排种器的粒距合格指数A≥91.40％、重播指数D≤3.82％、漏播指数M≤4.78％、合格粒距变异系数C≤18.37％,具有良好的排种效果.在10 km/h作业速度下,该排种器(真空室相对压力-3 kPa)的各项性能指标均明显优于常规气吸式排种器(真空室相对压力-4 kPa),其中漏播指数比后者相对降低了29％. 相似文献
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玉米小区育种精量播种机的核心部件是组合式精量排种器。为分析玉米小区育种精量排种器的性能,选取真空度、排种盘转速和排种盘径向槽宽度作为影响排种器排种性能的主要因素,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计进行试验设计,并利用JPS-12排种器性能检测试验台进行试验研究。根据试验结果建立了各因素的数学模型,并用Mat Lab绘制三维响应曲面图,分析得出各因素对作业性能指标的影响趋势。同时,利用综合加权平均法找出了能满足排种器性能要求的影响因素数值的最优组合,当真空度为7.4k Pa、径向槽宽度为3.9mm、排种轴转速为32r/min时,粒距合格指数为80.73%,漏播指数为6.64%,重播指数为5.70%,为排种器的进一步研究提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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为提高育种试验机械化水平,降低试验劳动强度,按照小区育种播种机的技术要求,设计了一种插装式排种器,并以作业速度和株距为影响因素对其工作性能进行了测试。结果表明：作业速度为0.4～0.6 m/s,株距为8.5 cm时,粒距合格指数≥82.45%、重播指数≤13.38%、漏播指数≤4.16%,均达到优等品标准;株距为4.0 cm时,合格指数≥65.25%,达到一等品标准;重播指数≤13.87%,达到优等品标准;漏播指数≤19.50%,达到一等品标准。示范试验表明该排种器结构及排种性能满足小区育种农艺要求。 相似文献
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玉米免耕播种机漏播补偿方法对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为解决玉米免耕播种机播种作业时存在漏播的问题,针对漏播自补偿和漏播辅助补偿方法进行了对比研究。对水平圆盘排种器的排种性能进行试验,获取了排种器在不同排种盘转速和播种粒距下排种合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数。由漏播自补偿补种性能分析可得,在排种口检测漏播信号进行加速补种,补种的实际粒距LPR>1.5L,补种粒距依然为漏播,无法实现漏播补偿功能,若在种子脱离排种口之前检测到漏播信号,提前做好加速准备再进行补种,可实现漏播自补偿功能。由漏播自补偿试验可知,漏播自补偿受播种速度和播种粒距影响较大,在播种粒距为20、25cm,播种速度不大于5km/h时,补种合格率不小于88%,在播种粒距为15cm或播种速度大于5km/h时,补种合格率较低;由漏播辅助补偿补种性能试验可知,在播种速度3~7km/h,粒距15~25cm下,补种成功率不小于89%,在播种速度不大于5km/h,补种合格率不小于96%。为了保证补种位置精确,采用漏播辅助补偿装置进行补种,〖JP2〗需合理设计漏播补偿装置安装位置,同时受播种速度、播种粒距、排种盘线速度、投种角的影响,通过合理设计补种装置安装参数后,控制补种装置响应时间t和补偿装置排种盘的线速度vb实现补种位置的精确控制。 相似文献
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指夹式精量玉米排种器改进设计与试验 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为满足精密播种作业要求,采用夹持充种、振动清种及柔性导种等方式,对指夹式精量玉米排种器进行了改进设计。通过对其工作原理的分析,对关键部件取种指夹、振动区及零速导种带的结构参数进行了优化。为提高排种器作业性能,得出其最佳工作参数,以工作转速和弹簧丝径为试验因素,粒距合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数为试验指标进行二次正交旋转组合设计试验,运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件进行试验数据处理,建立因素与指标之间数学模型以进一步优化。试验结果表明,弹簧丝径为0.77 mm,排种器转速小于19.2 r/min时,合格指数为86.90%,重播指数为9.62%,漏播指数为3.51%,合格指数比改进前提高13.5%,破损率为0.4%。在此基础上进行排种适应性试验,结果表明指夹式精量玉米排种器对大扁马齿型籽粒具有良好的适应性,满足精密播种农艺要求。 相似文献
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丘陵坡地自吸式绿豆精密排种器设计与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为降低排种器倾斜状态对充种性能的影响,满足丘陵坡地精密播种作业的需求,设计了一种自吸式绿豆精密排种器。通过分析种子受力状态与计算吸附单粒种子的真空度,确定了勺式型孔与往复式吸气装置的主要结构参数。运用多体动力学软件ADAMS对往复式吸气装置进行了运动学仿真,得出活塞位移和速度随时间的变化曲线,证明了该装置设计的合理性。将充种层高度固定为70 mm,转速分别固定为115、125 r/min,排种器左右倾斜角(倾向种腔方向为负)分别选取-12°、-6°、0°、6°、12°,对3种排种盘进行了对比试验,结果表明,本文所设计的勺式型孔有助于在左右倾斜状态下辅助充种;选取排种轴转速、充种层高度为试验因素,以漏播指数、重播指数、合格指数为试验指标,进行了两因素五水平旋转组合设计试验,并利用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行了分析,结果表明:当排种轴转速为138 r/min、充种层高度为65 mm时,漏播指数为2. 97%,重播指数为3. 43%,合格指数为93. 58%,各指标均符合国标要求。通过验证试验得到实测值与回归模型预测值的漏播指数相对误差为4. 4%,重播指数相对误差为2. 6%,合格指数相对误差为0. 2%,与寻优结果基本一致,证明了回归模型的合理性。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献