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为实现干清粪便的无害化处理，提高干清粪便的厌氧发酵效率，设计了一款300 m3适合干清粪便的半干式连续厌氧发酵反应器。介绍了半干式连续厌氧反应器的基本构造与工作原理，通过对发酵罐体的结构参数，主要装置部件等设计计算，利用有限元分析进行强度的校核，并利用Fluent流场模拟软件对物料运动状态进行仿真，确定了厌氧发酵反应器结构参数，并进行中试试验。试验结果表明：半干式连续厌氧反应器可在工作过程中维持稳定的工作环境，并且能够迅速将发酵原料进行厌氧消化反应，能够维持平均日产气量在410.6 m3,容积产气率达1.37 m3·m-3d-1。针对畜禽干清粪便厌氧发酵来说，半干式连续厌氧发酵更为适合，并且能够维持较高的产气效率，沼气工程整体运行稳定，工作性能可靠。 相似文献
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针对餐厨垃圾处理过程中产生大量高浓度有机废水的现状,将该废水进行厌氧发酵,去除有机物同时回收生物质能(沼气)并加以应用.文章以宁波市某沼气工程为例介绍了餐厨垃圾废水通过厌氧发酵生产沼气的工艺技术.该工程废水pH 3.5～4.0,CODcr80～120 g·L-1,处理量为110 t·d-1,控制厌氧发酵温度为(35±3)℃,每去除1 kgCODcr,可产沼气0.6～0.7m3,产气率为3.0～4.0 m3·m-3d-1,CODcr去除率达到91%以上,年可产沼气260万m3,可发电450万kWh. 相似文献
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为研究寒区猪粪厌氧发酵产沼气时接种低温驯化污泥对反应体系发酵产气的影响,笔者进行了低温污泥的驯化培育,低温污泥(10℃和15℃)与传统中温污泥(约30℃)在低温条件下的发酵产气对比试验,以及低温驯化污泥的现场工程投加示范。实验结果显示,随着驯化时间的延长,低温污泥的容积产气率和CH4含量都随之增加,并以15℃的驯化效果较好;低温驯化后,污泥中厌氧发酵菌群依然保持较好的生长活性;在10℃和15℃下的猪粪厌氧发酵过程中,经过驯化培育的低温接种污泥与传统中温接种污泥相比,容积产气率、总产气量以及甲烷含量都较高;工程现场投加1%低温驯化污泥后,容积产气率都维持在0.2 m3·m-3d-1以上,最高达0.35 m3·m-3d-1。通过以上结果可知,接种低温驯化污泥可以提高低温环境下厌氧发酵的沼气产量和产率,并具有经济可行性和实际效益。 相似文献
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本文从工艺流程、技术参数、运行状况以及效益分析等方面对坦桑尼亚世界上第一个剑麻废液沼气发电示范工程进行了技术分析.结果表明,通过全混式厌氧发酵(CSTR)两级工艺,每天可消纳TS为6%～8%剑麻废液60 m3,产气1500 m3,发电2250 kWh,户有机肥(沼液和沼渣)60 t.运行表明,利用酸性剑麻废液进行沼气发电是切实可行的,该项目的成功对解决剑麻废液污染,实现剑麻的综合利用具良好的示范效果. 相似文献
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沼气工程能够对有机废弃物进行无害化处理和资源化利用,产生清洁能源,近年来受到了越来越多的重视。厌氧发酵过程的可控性与稳定性影响着沼气工程的推广应用。文章通过对沼气工程中厌氧发酵过程的温度、p H值,C/N,水力停留时间和有机负荷率等重要的工艺参数以及挥发性脂肪酸、抑制物浓度、沼气产量与组成、容积产气率和降解率等关键指标进行分析,描述了在厌氧发酵过程中需要监测的参数,进而实现对沼气厂厌氧发酵过程的监测与控制,这对沼气工程实验室监测体系的建立、沼气厂运行稳定性的提高以及厌氧发酵过程的工艺优化等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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随着垃圾分类政策在全国各城市开始实施,厌氧发酵处理逐渐成为厨余垃圾处理的主流工艺投入使用。主要介绍了干式厌氧发酵工艺在厨余垃圾处理工程实践中的设计参数和运行情况。近2年的实际运行结果表明,干式厌氧发酵系统在高有机负荷、高含固率物料下可以稳定运行,VS降解率、产气率等运行指标都能达到设计水平,但是干式厌氧发酵系统对于原料的含固率和VS都有相应要求。通过对运行数据的整理分析,经过物料衡算建立了物料平衡方程,计算出了干式厌氧发酵系统处理厨余垃圾的污泥产率,为项目的稳定运行和今后同类型项目的设计提供了理论设计依据和工程实践参考。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献