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1.
植物三维形态的可视化模拟是数字植物研究的基础。该文综合应用球B样条曲线和插值B样条曲面实现了以脉序作为结构骨架的烟草叶片几何建模。首先利用三维数字化仪等数据获取装置获取烟草叶片脉序主要形态特征点的三维坐标和厚度,然后利用球B样条曲线对脉序进行三维建模,生成叶片的形态骨架,与由插值样条生成的叶片曲面合成,实现了烟草叶片的三维重建和真实感显示。结果表明,该方法得到的烟草叶片几何模型与传统方法相比具有较高的真实感,为植物叶片叶脉尺度的高真实感几何建模提供了新的手段。 相似文献
2.
基于多特征融合的粒子滤波生猪采食行为跟踪 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对中国养猪业规模化、集约化迅猛发展过程中,人工观察监测记录生猪生长情况需损耗大量人力和物力,得到数据误差大的问题,该文提出将颜色特征与目标轮廓形心特征融合,基于粒子滤波算法实现生猪采食行为跟踪,当目标跟踪矩形框中心坐标和跟踪目标轮廓形心坐标之间的横坐标偏差大于跟踪目标轮廓横坐标方向的最大值与最小值的差的一半时,或其之间的纵坐标偏差大于跟踪目标轮廓纵坐标方向的最大值与最小值的差一半时,对基于颜色特征粒子滤波算法得到的跟踪矩形框的中心坐标进行二次修正,提高了目标生猪跟踪的可靠性和鲁棒性;通过对比试验,结果表明:该方法能够对目标生猪的采食行为进行自动跟踪、记录和分析,记录的目标生猪一天内的采食次数和采食时间与人工记录结果基本相同,有效跟踪平均精度为93.4%。 相似文献
3.
黄河的泥沙主要来自黄土高原的水土流失。黄土高原是在下伏古地貌上堆积厚层黄土而形成的。在人类社会出现以前 ,由于植被的保护作用 ,水土流失轻微 ,在漫长的堆积过程中 ,虽然有侵蚀与堆积的多次轮回 ,水土流失也有多次强弱交替 ,但总的说来是水土流失强度小于黄土的堆积强度 相似文献
4.
水果轮廓特征提取的Zernike矩分水岭分割方法 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
果实轮廓特征的测量提取是了解水果等农作物发育过程中内部生理生态变化的重要手段。该文提出了一种基于Zernike矩边缘检测的分水岭算法,并将该算法应用于葡萄果粒的轮廓特征提取。与传统的标记驱动分水岭算法相比,该算法利用Zernike矩边缘检测避免了标记对于轮廓的破坏,较好的保护了目标轮廓,从而减少了后续处理,提高了检测效率。最后,将用该算法所得到的轮廓和用传统的标记驱动分水岭算法所得到的轮廓进行比较,验证了该算法的可行性。该算法具有较高的检测效率,相较传统算法提高约6.9%左右,能够满足连续提取葡萄果粒的轮廓特征的要求。该方法可用于实时检测葡萄果粒的几何特征的变化。 相似文献
5.
融合K-means与Ncut算法的无遮挡双重叠苹果目标分割与重建 总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2
重叠苹果目标的准确分割是采摘机器人必须解决的关键问题之一。针对现有重叠苹果目标分割方法不能保留重叠部分轮廓信息的问题,提出了一种无枝叶遮挡的双果重叠苹果目标分割方法。该方法首先利用K-means聚类算法进行图像分割以提取苹果目标区域,然后利用Normalized Cut(Ncut)算法提取苹果目标轮廓,以实现未被遮挡苹果目标完整轮廓的准确提取,最后利用Spline插值算法对遮挡的苹果目标进行轮廓重建。为了验证算法的有效性,对20幅无枝叶遮挡双果重叠的苹果图像进行试验,并将该算法与寻找2个有效凹点用其连线分割重叠苹果目标,把分离的2个轮廓分别用Hough变换重建轮廓的方法进行对比。试验结果表明,对于图像中未被遮挡的苹果目标,利用该研究算法的平均分割误差为3.15%,提取的苹果目标与原始图像中苹果目标的平均重合度为96.08%,平均误差比Hough变换重建算法低7.73%,平均重合度高9.71%,并且该研究算法能够很好地保留未被遮挡苹果目标的完整轮廓信息,提高了分割精度。对于重叠被遮挡的苹果目标,平均分割误差和平均重合度分别为5.24%和93.81%,比Hough变换重建算法的平均分割误差低11.35%,平均重合度高12.74%,表明该算法可以较好地实现重叠被遮挡苹果目标的轮廓重建,研究结果可为实现枝叶遮挡影响下的多果重叠目标分割与重建提供参考。 相似文献
6.
计算机视觉在蘑菇采摘机器人上的应用 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
介绍了蘑菇采摘机器人的工作过程,并重点讨论了它的计算机视觉系统的图象分析所采用的基本算法。主要内容为蘑菇和苗床图象信息的数字特征;提取蘑菇边界所用的算法;封闭曲线的周长、面积和闭曲线中心坐标的计算。对现场获取的图象信息进行分析,所得到的结果与实际情况吻合,表明所采用的算法是有效的。 相似文献
7.
机载激光雷达（Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR）可快速、高效的获取大范围地形信息,已成为高精度地形建模的重要数据获取手段。然而,针对复杂地形的机载LiDAR点云构建数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,DEM）的插值误差研究缺乏,严重限制了其在土壤侵蚀、开采沉陷等地表过程研究中的应用。该研究基于黄土高塬沟壑区典型地形的机载LiDAR数据,对比了反距离加权（Inverse Distance Weighted,IDW）、克里金（Kriging）、样条函数（Spline）、自然邻域（Natural Neighbor,NN）、趋势面（Trend）、不规则三角网（Triangulated Irregular Network,TIN）等插值算法的插值误差。首先优选了IDW、Kriging、Spline、Trend等4种算法的关键参数,其次分析了不同点云密度和地形下IDW、Kriging、Spline、NN、TIN等5种算法的插值误差及其空间分布。结果表明：1）IDW最优插值参数为权指数1和搜索点数12,Kriging为无方向、高斯函数和搜索点数12,Spline为规则样条函数和搜索点数32,Trend误差达米级,不适用于地形复杂区域。2）当点云密度较小时（≤19点/m2）,IDW、Kriging、NN、TIN4种插值方法较为准确地描述地形。当点云密度较大时（≥39点/m2）,各个插值方法的DEM空间分布差异不大。3）针对黄土高塬沟壑区复杂地形区域,点云密度越大,DEM的误差越小。陡坡区域DEM的平均绝对误差明显高于缓坡区域,随着点云密度增大,陡坡区域误差明显减小,而缓坡区域变化较小。当点云密度较小时（≤19点/m2）,缓坡和陡坡最优插值插值方法分别为NN和TIN;当点云密度较大时（≥39点/m2）,缓坡和陡坡最优插值插值方法均为Spline。研究结果可为机载LiDAR用于地形复杂区域的高精度地形建模与地表过程研究提供依据。 相似文献
8.
多旋翼无人机避障航迹规划算法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
多旋翼无人机的自主避障能力是安全作业的重要保证。该研究针对多旋翼无人机自主避障问题，提出了一种改进的双向RRT快速随机树航迹规划算法，结合最小化位移四阶导数的动力学优化方法，生成更符合多旋翼无人机动力学性能的避障航迹，解决避障过程中重复搜索、航迹曲率波动性大等问题，实现平稳避障；提出了以随机采样算法规划难度（用时）为核心的场景复杂度评价方法，在不同复杂度场景下进行了仿真试验。结果表明：与改进前相比，避障航迹再规划用时最多减少23.69%；有效避障航迹规划用时低于0.33 s、平均避障航迹跟踪速度大于1.12 m/s、避障航迹延长率最多达20.82%。所提出的避障航迹规划方法，提升了避障航迹的规划效率与效果，可为多旋翼无人机自主作业过程中的避障航迹规划提供参考。 相似文献
9.
南瓜片真空脉动干燥特性及含水率预测 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为探索南瓜片真空脉动干燥特性,并实现干燥过程中南瓜的含水率预测,该文研究了不同常压保持时间、真空保持时间、干燥温度和切片厚度对南瓜干燥时间和速率的影响;利用温度传感器实时采集南瓜在干燥过程中的中心温度,阐述压力脉动过程对物料传热传质的影响;建立了输入层个数为5,隐藏层个数为11,输出层为南瓜含水率,结构为"5-11-1"的BP神经网络模型,实现对南瓜含水率实时预测.结果表明:真空保持时间和常压保持时间均对南瓜干燥时间有显著影响,干燥温度60℃,切片厚度7mm条件下,常压保持时间10min和真空保持时间9min所用干燥时间最短,约为352min;干燥温度和切片厚度均对干燥时间有显著影响,提高干燥温度、减少切片厚度能够有效缩短干燥时间.采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法为训练函数,经过有限次训练得到的BP神经网络模型,其预测值与实测值之间的决定系数R2为0.9968,均方根误差RMSE为0.0173,能够很好预测南瓜在真空脉动干燥过程中的含水率.研究结果为南瓜真空脉动应用以及含水率在线预测提供理论依据. 相似文献
10.
海洋微生物酶反应器智能控制系统的研制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
生物发酵过程具有严重非线性、高度时变性、高阶多变量和大型不确定的特点,为了实现生物发酵过程的自动化控制,提高生物技术产品的生产水平,使得发酵过程的参数检测、操作监视、自动控制等智能化,分析了影响发酵过程的主要因素以及各变量之间的耦合关系,综合应用传统的PID控制方法、模糊神经网络技术,构建了一种多变量模糊神经控制系统的前馈解耦算法并将其应用在发酵过程的思想,同时采用了冷凝、回收、利用发酵尾气技术,解决了尾气排放、罐体泄漏染菌的问题。模糊神经控制器和解耦部分独立设计,在模糊控制器中引入神经网络,解耦网络采用一层隐层,利用简化的学习算法,根据系统输出误差,在线调整网络权值,从而实现动态解耦而无需辨识被控对象的模型。该方法结构简单且计算量小,经实际应用结果表明这种控制算法具有很好的控制效果。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献